Detailed description on the endoplasmic reticulum (rough versus smooth), mitochondrion, nucleus, chromatin, plasma membrane, and cytoskeleton (microtubules and microfilaments).

Synthesis and properties of lipids. Permeability of phospholipid bilayer membranes to ions, water, gases, and amino acids. Membrane as a barrier to create concentration gradients on the outside and inside of the cell.

Hydrophobic properties of transmembrane amino acid residues.

Solution (PDF)^#

Properties of the phospholipid bilayer and transmembrane proteins. Secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins involving multiple subunits.

Solution (PDF)