Definition, scale, and studies. Earth as a biosphere.

Introduction to population ecology, measurements of births, deaths, and success.

Use mark and recapture to measure population and survival rates. Used for widely distributed populations such as birds and butterflies.

Age structures of various countries and societies.

Quantify survivorship probability and replacement rates using cohort and static life tables. Definitions of variables.

Assumptions and calculations for growth and doubling time of a population with stable age distribution.

Limits on exponential growth and application to the human population. Density dependent response as a stabilizing factor. Example: The US population.

Logistic Equation to model density dependent response by placing restraints on the exponential population growth. Definition of new variables. Example: Fisheries.

Logistic equation assumes instantaneous feedback. Needs to introduce time lag into the equation.

Study of the population in the US since the 1800 as modeled by the Logistic Equation. Use regression to predict the carrying capacity.

Global human population since 1000 BC until today. Projections for the future. Population growth matches with the changes in global metabolism/cycles.

Population growth levels off when birth rate declines faster than death rate. Examples: Sweden as developed country and Egypt as developing country.

Maximum population that can be supported by the earth. Examine if carrying capacity can be increased by technology. Various models that predict functions of population growth with respect to the carrying capacity.

Cohort life table built on measured population data. Effect of predator migration on the replacement rates of prey. Survivorship curve of various cohorts.

Solution (PDF) Pages 4 to 6

Using data on population to calculate survivorship, mortality rate, average remaining life expectancy, and average life expectancy. Draw and interpret survivorship curve.

Solution (PDF) Pages 1 to 2

Using data on population and birth to calculate fecundity, realized fecundity, net reproductive rate, and the stability of the population.

Solution (PDF) Page 2

Potential solution to maintain population below carrying capacity.