Forces: Current-Carrying Wires in Magnetic Fields

This section contains documents that could not be made accessible to screen reader software. A "#" symbol is used to denote such documents.

Video Clips

Video RealVideo®
3:27 minutes (9:26 - 12:53)

Finding the force a magnetic field exerts on a current-carrying wire, with a demonstration of a wire jumping in a strong magnetic field.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top
Video RealVideo®
6:45 minutes (24:55 - 31:40)

Finding the force on a moving charge in an electric and magnetic field. Finding the total force on a wire in a magnetic field.

Prior Knowledge: Strength of Magnetic Fields (17:20 of video lecture 11)
Back to Top
Video RealVideo®
2:59 minutes (31:40 - 34:39)

Sample calculation of the force on a wire in a magnetic field from a demonstration earlier in the lecture.

Prior Knowledge: Force on Wire in Magnetic Field (24:55 of video lecture 11)
Back to Top
Video RealVideo®
7:16 minutes (34:39 - 41:55)

Introduction to motor building contest. Discussion of force and torque on a current loop in a magnetic field, with example of current meters in cars.

Prior Knowledge: Force on Wire in Magnetic Field (9:26 of video lecture 11)
Back to Top
Video RealVideo®
4:47 minutes (41:55 - 46:42)

Definition of a commutator, with further explanation of the motor contest.

Prior Knowledge: Motor Contest - Force and Torque on Current Loop (34:39 of video lecture 11)
Back to Top
Video RealVideo®
3:06 minutes (46:42 - 49:48)

Creating a motor from a current loop where the current is manually reversed after every 180° of rotation.

Prior Knowledge: Motor Contest - Force and Torque on Current Loop (34:39 of video lecture 11)
Back to Top

Lecture Notes

Current-Carrying Wires (8.02T, Spring 2005)

Document PDF - 1.1 MB
Page 6 to page 15

Magnetic force on a current-carrying wire, with diagrams. Forces felt by wires with parallel and anti-parallel currents, with links to visualizations.

Prior Knowledge: Magnetic Fields and Forces (pages 1-31 of presentation 14)
Back to Top

Magnetic Dipoles: Torque and Force (8.02T, Spring 2005)

Document PDF
Page 5 to page 26

Force and torque on a rectangular current loop in a uniform magnetic field. Magnetic dipole moment μ is defined, with links to visualizations of how torque tends to align μ with B. Force on a magnetic dipole in a non-uniform field, with diagrams. Links to visualizations showing the force on one dipole from another dipole.

Prior Knowledge: Magnetic Fields and Forces (pages 1-31 of presentation 14)
Back to Top

Review: Circuits (8.02T, Spring 2005)

Document PDF#
Page 24 to page 26

Table of important values and equations for resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Brief review of what happens in RC, RL, LC, and RLC circuits.

Prior Knowledge: Material is from Presentations 10, 12, 24, and 25.
Back to Top
Document PDF
Page 1 to page 2

Equations for fields created by a single moving charge or a current, as well as for the force on a current-carrying wire. Right hand rules for cross products, with diagrams.

Prior Knowledge: Magnetic Fields (R14)
Back to Top

Build Your Own Electric Motor (8.02, Spring 2002)

Document PDF
Page 1 to page 2

Overview of project in which students build a motor using little more than magnets, paper clips, a block of wood, and copper wire.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top

Magnetic Forces and Fields (8.022, Fall 2004)

Document PDF
Page 1 to page 6

Magnetism from empirical evidence; Lorentz force on charge and wires; Electron trajectories; applications to modern physics; work done by B-fields.

Prior Knowledge: Electric fields
Back to Top

Online Textbook Chapters

Magnetic Forces (8.02T, Spring 2005)

Document PDF
Page 2 to page 7

B-fields defined; force on moving charge, straight wire; F = 0 for current loop.

Prior Knowledge: Current
Back to Top

Magnetic Dipoles (8.02T, Spring 2005)

Document PDF
Page 7 to page 13

Torque on current loop; loop as magnetic dipole; dipole moment and force on dipole; spinning compass needles.

Prior Knowledge: Magnetic forces
Back to Top

Worked Magnetic Force Problems (8.02T, Spring 2005)

Document PDF
Page 19 to page 23

Using vector product; worked problems on rolling and suspended conducting rods, moving charges, and bar magnet.

Prior Knowledge: Motion of a charge
Back to Top

Practice Problems

Document PDF
Page 1 to page 14

Seven questions with answers and explanations. Covers straight, coiled, bent, and curved wires in magnetic fields.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top
Document PDF
Problem 1 to problem 2

Question with answer and explanation.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top

Dipoles in Magnetic Fields (8.02T, Spring 2005)

Document PDF
Problem 3 to problem 8

Three questions with answers and explanations.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top

Rail Gun (8.02T, Spring 2005)

Document PDF - 1.3 MB
Problem 15 to problem 16

Question about force on a current-carrying bar in a magnetic field, with answer and explanation.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top

Voltage in Power Lines (8.02, Spring 2002)

Document PDF
Problem 1

5-part power problem; finding resistance, power, voltage conditions, and Lorentz force in power lines.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top

Self-Inductance and Field Energy (8.02, Spring 2002)

Document PDF
Problem 4

Calculating magnetic field energy and self-inductance of a current-carrying wire.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top
Document PDF
Problem 1

Explaining in words why parallel currents attract and antiparallel currents repel.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top

Offset of CRT Beam (8.02X, Spring 2005)

Document PDF
Problem 2

Determining the cause of a CRT beam offset slightly to the right.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top

Exam Questions

Loop in a Magnetic Field (8.02, Spring 2002)

Document PDF
Problem 2

Finding the torque on a current-carrying loop in a magnetic field.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top

Stacked Current-Carrying Loops (8.02X, Spring 2005)

Document PDF
Problem 4

Finding field of one loop and force exerted on the other. Solution not included.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top

Stacked Current-Carrying Loops (8.02X, Spring 2005)

Document PDF
Problem 5

Finding field of one loop and force exerted on the other.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top

Java Applets

Java Applet Java Applet
Requires Java Virtual Machine

Video animation showing a current-carrying wire moving into a uniform magnetic field, then being pushed back out because of the resulting force on the wire.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top

The Floating Coil (8.02T, Spring 2005)

Java Applet Java Applet
Requires Java Virtual Machine

Video animation showing the magnetic field and behavior of a coil of wire suspended above a magnet, when the current through the wire is flowing in one direction and then the other.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top

The Floating Coil Applet (8.02T, Spring 2005)

Java Applet Java Applet
Requires Java Virtual Machine

Interactive applet showing the magnetic field and behavior of a coil of wire suspended above a magnet, when the magnitude and direction of the current through the coil can be changed in real time.

Prior Knowledge: None
Back to Top

MIT courses referenced in this section: