MIT OpenCourseWare: Recently Archived Courses

8.044 Statistical Physics I (MIT)

Greytak, Thomas John, 1940- — 2009-07-02T12:04:17-04:00

Introduction to probability, statistical mechanics, and thermodynamics. Random variables, joint and conditional probability densities, and functions of a random variable. Concepts of macroscopic variables and thermodynamic equilibrium, fundamental assumption of statistical mechanics, microcanonical and canonical ensembles. First, second, and third laws of thermodynamics. Numerous examples illustrating a wide variety of physical phenomena such as magnetism, polyatomic gases, thermal radiation, electrons in solids, and noise in electronic devices. Concurrent enrollment in 8.04 [Quantum Physics I] is recommended.

12.007 Geobiology (MIT)

Sachs, Julian P. (Julian Perelman) — 2009-07-02T12:04:15-04:00

The interactive Earth system: biology in geologic, environmental and climate change throughout Earth history. Since life began it has continually shaped and re-shaped the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere and the solid earth. Subject introduces the concept of "life as a geological agent" and examines the interaction between biology and the earth system during the roughly 4 billion years since life first appeared. Topics include the origin of the solar system and the early Earth atmosphere; the origin and evolution of life and its influence on climate up through and including the modern age and the problem of global warming; the global carbon cycle; and astrobiology.

3.225 Electronic and Mechanical Properties of Materials (MIT)

Gibson, Lorna J. — 2009-07-02T12:04:14-04:00

Electrical, optical, magnetic, and mechanical properties of metals, semiconductors, ceramics and polymers. Discussion of roles of bonding, structure (crystalline, defect, energy band and microstructure) and composition in influencing and controlling physical properties. Case studies drawn from a variety of applications including semiconductor diodes, optical detectors, sensors, thin films, biomaterials, composites, and cellular materials.

6.867 Machine Learning (MIT)

Jaakkola, Tommi S. (Tommi Sakari) — 2009-07-02T12:04:11-04:00

Principles, techniques, and algorithms in machine learning from the point of view of statistical inference; representation, generalization, and model selection; and methods such as linear/additive models, active learning, boosting, support vector machines, hidden Markov models, and Bayesian networks. From the course home page: Course Description 6.867 is an introductory course on machine learning which provides an overview of many techniques and algorithms in machine learning, beginning with topics such as simple perceptrons and ending up with more recent topics such as boosting, support vector machines, hidden Markov models, and Bayesian networks. The course gives the student the basic ideas and intuition behind modern machine learning methods as well as a bit more formal understanding of how and why they work. The underlying theme in the course is statistical inference as this provides the foundation for most of the methods covered.

STS.003 The Rise of Modern Science (MIT)

Jones, David S. (David Shumway) — 2009-06-22T02:00:12-04:00

This course will study the development of modern science from the seventeenth century to the present, focusing on Europe and the United States. It will not focus on discoveries and their discoverers. Instead, it will examine: What is science? How has science been practiced, and by whom? How are discoveries made and accepted? What is the nature of scientific progress? What is the impact of science and society? What is the impact of society on science? Topics will be drawn from the histories of physics, chemistry, biology, geology, medicine, psychology, and computer science.

1.133 Masters of Engineering Concepts of Engineering Practice (MIT)

Adams, E. Eric — 2009-06-22T01:58:41-04:00

Core requirement for the M.Eng. program designed to teach students about the roles of today's professional engineer and expose them to team-building skills through lectures, team workshops, and seminars. Topics include: written and oral communication, job placement skills, trends in the engineering and construction industry, risk analysis and risk management, managing public information, proposal preparation, project evaluation, project management, liability, professional ethics, and negotiation. Draws on relevant large-scale projects to illustrate each component of the subject. Grading is based on both individual and team exercises involving written and oral presentations. From the course home page: Course Description 1.133 is a core requirement for the Master of Engineering (M. Eng.) program. It features lectures presented by a variety of industry and academic speakers. The course is designed to teach students about the roles of today's professional engineer and to expose them to team-building skills through lectures, team workshops, and seminars. Topics include: written and oral communications, job placement skills, trends in the engineering and construction industry, proposal preparation, project evaluation, project management, professional ethics, and negotiation. The course draws on relevent large scale projects to illustrate each component of the subject. Course lectures are integrated with a weekly seminar series and the MEng group project subjects which are mentioned herein.

6.334 Power Electronics (MIT)

Perreault, David John — 2009-06-22T01:55:43-04:00

The application of electronics to energy conversion and control; phase-controlled rectifier/inverter circuits, dc/dc converters, high-frequency inverters, and motion control systems. Characteristics of power semiconductor devices: diodes, bipolar and field effect transistors, IGBTS, and thyristors. Modeling, analysis, and control techniques. Magnetic circuits. Numerous application examples.

8.13-14 Experimental Physics I & II "Junior Lab" (MIT)

Becker, Ulrich J. — 2009-06-22T01:23:12-04:00

Junior Lab consists of two undergraduate courses in experimental physics. The courses are offered by the MIT Physics Department, and are usually taken by Juniors (hence the name). Officially, the courses are called Experimental Physics I and II and are numbered 8.13 for the first half, given in the fall semester, and 8.14 for the second half, given in the spring. The purposes of Junior Lab are to give students hands-on experience with some of the experimental basis of modern physics and, in the process, to deepen their understanding of the relations between experiment and theory, mostly in atomic and nuclear physics. Each term, students choose 5 different experiments from a list of 21 total labs.

1.978 From Nano to Macro (MIT)

Buehler, Markus J. — 2009-06-19T07:46:21-04:00

The objective is to introduce large-scale atomistic modeling techniques and motivate its importance for solving problems in modern engineering sciences. We demonstrate how atomistic modeling can be successfully applied to understand how materials fail under extreme loading, emphasizing on the competition between ductile and brittle materials failure. We will demonstrate the techniques in describing failure of a copper nano-crystal.

18.701 Algebra I (MIT)

Artin, Michael — 2009-06-19T07:46:20-04:00

The Algebra I class covers subjects such as Group Theory, Linear Algebra, and Geometry. In more detail groups, vector spaces, linear transformations, symmetry groups, bilinear forms, and linear groups are discussed.

11.471 Targeting the Poor: Small Firms, Workers, and Local Economic Development (MIT)

Tendler, Judith — 2009-06-19T07:46:19-04:00

Covers conditions under which public-sector policies, programs, and projects succeed in enhancing the economic activities of poorer groups and micro-regions in developing countries. Topics include local economic development; small enterprises; various forms of collective action; labor and worker associations; nongovernment organizations. Links these to literature on poverty, economic development, and reform of government, and to types of projects, tasks, and environments that are conducive to equitable outcomes. From the course home page: Course Description This course treats public-sector policies, programs, and projects that attempt to reduce poverty and unemployment in developing countries, mainly through directly income-generating activities and employment. Topics covered are: * employment and local economic development, particularly as related to the informal sector, small and medium enterprises, and workers; * the political economy of local economic-development initiatives; * lessons from policy and implementation experiences; * workers and labor issues; and * associationalism among small (and often medium) firms, and among workers.

6.050J Information and Entropy (MIT)

Lloyd, Seth — 2009-06-19T07:46:15-04:00

Unified theory of information with applications to computing, communications, thermodynamics, and other sciences. Digital signals and streams, codes, compression, noise, and probability. Reversible and irreversible operations. Information in biological systems. Channel capacity. Maximum-entropy formalism. Thermodynamic equilibrium, temperature. The Second Law of Thermodynamics. Quantum computation. From the course home page: Course Description 6.050J / 2.110J presents the unified theory of information with applications to computing, communications, thermodynamics, and other sciences. It covers digital signals and streams, codes, compression, noise, and probability, reversible and irreversible operations, information in biological systems, channel capacity, maximum-entropy formalism, thermodynamic equilibrium, temperature, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and quantum computation. Designed for MIT freshmen as an elective, this course has been jointly developed by MIT's Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Mechanical Engineering. There is no known course similar to 6.050J / 2.110J offered at any other university.

5.068 Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry (MIT)

Mueller, Peter — 2009-06-19T07:46:14-04:00

Introduction to the study of physical methods to probe the electronic and geometric structure of inorganic compounds. Included are electronic photoelectron spectroscopy; vibrational and rotational spectroscopy; magnetic measurements (including electron and nuclear spin resonance); Mossbauer spectroscopy; mass spectrometry; electrochemical measurements and crystallographic chemical analysis (including hands-on use of departmental facilities). From the course home page: Course Description This course covers the following topics: X-ray diffraction: symmetry, space groups, geometry of diffraction, structure factors, phase problem, direct methods, Patterson methods, electron density maps, structure refinement, how to grow good crystals, powder methods, limits of X-ray diffraction methods, and structure data bases.

8.334 Statistical Mechanics II: Statistical Mechanics of Fields (MIT)

Kardar, Mehran — 2009-06-19T07:46:12-04:00

A two-semester course on statistical mechanics. Basic principles are examined in 8.333: the laws of thermodynamics and the concepts of temperature, work, heat, and entropy. Postulates of classical statistical mechanics, microcanonical, canonical, and grand canonical distributions; applications to lattice vibrations, ideal gas, photon gas. Quantum statistical mechanics; Fermi and Bose systems. Interacting systems: cluster expansions, van der Waal's gas, and mean-field theory. Topics from modern statistical mechanics are explored in 8.334: the hydrodynamic limit and classical field theories. Phase transitions and broken symmetries: universality, correlation functions, and scaling theory. The renormalization approach to collective phenomena. Dynamic critical behavior. Random systems.

17.007J Feminist Political Thought (MIT)

Surkan, Kim — 2009-06-19T07:46:11-04:00

This course is designed as a focused survey of feminist political thought and theory, exploring the various and often competing ways feminists have framed discussions about sex, gender, and oppression. Beginning with a consideration of key terms (sex, gender, oppression) and the meaning of social construction, we will move on to study three central feminist approaches to political thought (humanist, gynocentric, and dominance). The primary goal of this course is to familiarize students with key issues, questions and debates in feminist theory, both historical and contemporary. This semester you will become acquainted with many of the critical questions and concepts feminist scholars have developed as tools for thinking about gendered experience. In addition to the presentation of theoretical ideas, we will consider examples of practical political application of those concepts. The concluding weeks of the course address the many tensions between generalized theoretical approaches and localized political efforts, particularly as they relate to identity politics and issues of diversity within feminist groups and movements. Finally, we will consider the connections, commonalities, and differences between feminist political thought and other theoretical approaches to political movements, such as queer theory, postcolonial theory, and global and human rights organizing.

18.441 Statistical Inference (MIT)

Hardy, Michael — 2009-06-19T07:46:10-04:00

Reviews probability and introduces statistical inference. Point and interval estimation. The maximum likelihood method. Hypothesis testing. Likelihood-ratio tests and Bayesian methods. Nonparametric methods. Analysis of variance, regression analysis and correlation. Chi-square goodness of fit tests. More theoretical than 18.443 (Statistics for Applications) and more detailed in its treatment of statistics than 18.05 (Introduction to Probability and Statistics).

2.081J Plates and Shells (MIT)

Wierzbicki, Tomasz — 2009-06-19T07:45:56-04:00

This course explores the following topics: derivation of elastic and plastic stress-strain relations for plate and shell elements; the bending and buckling of rectangular plates; nonlinear geometric effects; post-buckling and ultimate strength of cold formed sections and typical stiffened panels used in naval architecture; the general theory of elastic shells and axisymmetric shells; buckling, crushing and bending strength of cylindrical shells with application to offshore structures; and the application to crashworthiness of vehicles and explosive and impact loading of structures. The class is taught during first half of term.

9.10 Cognitive Neuroscience (MIT)

Corkin, Suzanne — 2009-06-19T07:45:55-04:00

Course topics explore the relations between neural systems and cognition, emphasizing attention, vision, language, motor control, and memory. An introduction to basic neuroanatomy, functional imaging techniques, and behavioral measures of cognition is given with discussion of methods by which inferences about the brain bases of cognition are made. Evidence from patients with neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Balint's syndrome, amnesia, and focal lesions from stroke is given as well as from normal human participants.

16.323 Principles of Optimal Control (MIT)

How, Jonathan P. — 2009-06-19T07:45:53-04:00

Studies the principles of deterministic optimal control. Variational calculus and Pontryagin's maximum principle. Applications of the theory, including optimal feedback control, time-optimal control, and others. Dynamic programming and numerical search algorithms introduced briefly.

6.101 Introductory Analog Electronics Laboratory (MIT)

Roscoe, Byron M. — 2009-06-19T07:45:51-04:00

Introductory experimental laboratory explores the design, construction, and debugging of analog electronic circuits. Lectures and six laboratory projects investigate the performance characteristics of diodes, transistors, JFETs and op-amps, including the construction of a small audio amplifier and preamplifier. Seven weeks are devoted to the design and implementation of a project in an environment similar to that of engineering design teams in industry. Provides opportunity to simulate real-world problems and solutions that involve tradeoffs and the use of engineering judgement. From the course home page: Course Description 6.101 is an introductory electronics laboratory. Students learn about the basic principles of analog circuit design and operation in a practical, real-world laboratory setting. They work both with discrete components such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, and transistors as well as with integrated components such as operational amplifiers. In addition, they become familiar with the operation of basic electronic test equipment (digital multimeters, oscilloscopes, function generators, curve tracers, etc.). There are six labs due weekly which start out as cookbook types and progress to design exercises; there are group design projects for the second half of the term.

14.471 Public Economics I (MIT)

Poterba, James M. — 2009-06-19T07:45:50-04:00

Theory and evidence on government taxation policy. Topics include tax incidence; optimal tax theory; the effect of taxation on labor supply and savings; corrective taxes for externalities; taxation and corporate behavior; and tax expenditure policy. From the course home page: Course Description This course is a one-semester introduction to the economic analysis of taxation. It covers both theoretical contributions, such as the theory of optimal income and commodity taxation, as well as empirical work, such as the study of how taxes affect labor supply. The course is designed to acquaint students with key questions in the economics of taxation, and to equip them to carry out their own research in this field.

18.702 Algebra II (MIT)

Artin, Michael — 2009-06-19T07:45:49-04:00

More extensive and theoretical than the 18.700-18.703 sequence. Experience with proofs helpful. First term: group theory, geometry, and linear algebra. Second term: group representations, rings, ideals, fields, polynomial rings, modules, factorization, integers in quadratic number fields, field extensions, Galois theory. From the course home page: Course Description The course covers group theory and its representations, and focuses on the Sylow theorem, Schur's lemma, and proof of the orthogonality relations. It also analyzes the rings, the factorization processes, and the fields. Topics such as the formal construction of integers and polynomials, homomorphisms and ideals, the Gauss' lemma, quadratic imaginary integers, Gauss primes, and finite and function fields are discussed in detail.

15.220 International Management (MIT)

Lessard, Donald R. — 2009-06-19T07:45:48-04:00

Companies today confront an increasing array of choices of markets, of locations for value adding activities, and of modes of crossing borders. This course focuses on the international dimensions of strategy and organization, and provides a framework for formulating strategies in an increasingly complex world economy, and for making those strategies work effectively. The first section of the course provides the basic frameworks for understanding competitiveness in international business at the level of the industry, location, and firm. These frameworks identify the opportunities presented in a dynamic global environment. But taking advantages of those opportunities faces enormous managerial challenges, and the second section of the course focuses on using and deepening those analytical tools in the context of specific problems and contexts. The goal of this course is to provide the foundations for taking effective action in the multi-faceted world of international business.

8.333 Statistical Mechanics I: Statistical Mechanics of Particles (MIT)

Kardar, Mehran — 2009-06-19T07:45:46-04:00

Statistical Mechanics is a probabilistic approach to equilibrium properties of large numbers of degrees of freedom. In this two-semester course, basic principles are examined. Topics include: thermodynamics, probability theory, kinetic theory, classical statistical mechanics, interacting systems, quantum statistical mechanics, and identical particles.

15.023J Global Climate Change: Economics, Science, and Policy (MIT)

Jacoby, Henry D. — 2009-06-19T07:45:45-04:00

Introduces scientific, economic, and ecological issues underlying the threat of global climate change, and the institutions engaged in negotiating an international response. Develops an integrated approach to analysis of climate change processes, and assessment of proposed policy measures, drawing on research and model development within the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change.

21W.730-1 Imagining the Future (MIT)

Faery, Rebecca Blevins — 2009-06-19T07:45:43-04:00

Turn-of-the-century eras have historically been times when people are more than usually inclined to scrutinize the present and speculate about the future. Now, the turn not just of a century but of a millennium having recently passed, such scrutiny and speculations inevitably intensify. What will the future that awaits us in this twenty-first century and beyond be like? And how do visions of that future reflect and respond to the world we live in now? In this writing course we will read and write about how some twentieth-century writers and filmmakers have attended to the present as a way of imagining-and warning about-possible worlds to come. Guided by our reading and discussion, we will scrutinize our own present and construct our own visions of the future through close readings of the texts as well as of some aspects of contemporary culture-urban and environmental crises, economic imperialism, sexual and reproductive politics, issues of race and gender, the romance of technology, robotics and cyborg cultures, media saturation, language and representation-and the persistent questions they pose about what it means to be human at this threshold of a new millennium.

9.03 Neural Basis of Learning and Memory (MIT)

Corkin, Suzanne — 2009-06-19T07:45:43-04:00

Topics in mammalian learning and memory including cellular mechanisms of neural plasticity, electrophysiology, and behavior. Emphasis on human and animal models of hippocampal mechanisms and function. Lectures and discussion of papers. An additional project is required for graduate credit. Alternate years.

21M.670 Traditions in American Concert Dance: Gender and Autobiography (MIT)

DeFrantz, Thomas — 2009-06-19T07:45:42-04:00

This course explores the forms, contents, and contexts of world traditions in dance that played a crucial role in shaping American concert dance. For example, we will identify dances from an African American vernacular tradition that were transferred from the social space to the concert stage. We will explore the artistic lives of such American dance artists as Katherine Dunham, and Alvin Ailey along with Isadora Duncan, Martha Graham, George Balanchine, and Merce Cunningham as American dance innovators. Of particular importance to our investigation will be the construction of gender and autobiography which lie at the heart of concert dance practice, and the ways in which these qualities have been choreographed by American artists.

18.325 Topics in Applied Mathematics: Mathematical Methods in Nanophotonics (MIT)

Johnson, Steven G., 1973- — 2009-06-19T07:45:40-04:00

Topics vary from year to year. Topic for Fall: Eigenvalues of random matrices. How many are real? Why are the spacings so important? Subject covers the mathematics and applications in physics, engineering, computation, and computer science. From the course home page: Course Description This course covers algebraic approaches to electromagnetism and nano-photonics. Topics include photonic crystals, waveguides, perturbation theory, diffraction, computational methods, applications to integrated optical devices, and fiber-optic systems. Emphasis is placed on abstract algebraic approaches rather than detailed solutions of partial differential equations, the latter being done by computers.

15.060 Data, Models, and Decisions (MIT)

Freund, Robert Michael — 2009-06-19T07:45:40-04:00

Introduces students to the basic tools in using data to make informed management decisions. Covers introductory probability, decision analysis, basic statistics, regression, simulation, linear and nonlinear optimization, and discrete optimization. Computer spreadsheet exercises, cases, and examples drawn from marketing, finance, operations management, and other management functions. Restricted to first-year Sloan master's students.

11.471 Political Economy of Development Projects: Targeting the Poor (MIT)

Tendler, Judith — 2009-06-19T07:45:39-04:00

Covers conditions under which public-sector policies, programs, and projects succeed in enhancing the economic activities of poorer groups and micro-regions in developing countries. Topics include local economic development; small enterprises; various forms of collective action; labor and worker associations; nongovernment organizations. Links these to literature on poverty, economic development, and reform of government, and to types of projects, tasks, and environments that are conducive to equitable outcomes. From the course home page: Course Description This course treats public-sector policies, programs, and projects that attempt to reduce poverty and unemployment in developing countries, mainly through directly income-generating activities and employment. Topics covered are: the nature of poverty and targeting, the political-economy and politics of poverty-reducing initiatives, implementation experiences, employment and local economic development, particularly as related to small and medium enterprises and the informal sector, cooperatives and other forms of collective action for income generation, and decentralization, civil society, and non-government organizations.

21A.112 Seminar in Ethnography and Fieldwork (MIT)

Silbey, Susan S. — 2009-06-19T07:45:37-04:00

Introduction to ethnographic practices: the study of and communicating about culture. Reading and discussion of classics of anthropological field work, contemporary critiques, and innovative practices. From the course home page: Course Description This course involves reading about how to do fieldwork, practicing fieldwork, reading ethnographies and about ethnography, and practicing writing ethnography. We will move from an overview of ethnography, to getting into the field, to writing fieldnotes, to analyzing data and writing a short ethnographic piece. We will, as you must in doing fieldwork and writing ethnographies, intersperse reading with fieldwork to theoretically inform both the fieldwork and the writing. The ethics of fieldwork and obligations to research subjects are discussed throughout the semester.

21L.011 The Film Experience (MIT)

Thorburn, David — 2009-06-11T01:05:28-04:00

An introduction to narrative film, emphasizing the unique properties of the movie house and the motion-picture camera, the historical evolution of the film medium, and the intrinsic artistic qualities of individual films. Syllabus changes from semester to semester, but usually includes such directors as Griffith, Chaplin, Renoir, Ford, Hitchcock, De Sica, and Fellini. From the course home page: Course Description This course is an introduction to narrative film, emphasizing the unique properties of the movie house and the motion picture camera, the historical evolution of the film medium, and the intrinsic artistic qualities of individual films. The primary focus is on American cinema, but secondary attention is paid to works drawn from other great national traditions, such as France, Italy, and Japan. The syllabus includes such directors as Griffith, Keaton, Chaplin, Renoir, Ford, Hitchcock, Altman, De Sica, and Truffaut.

12.085 Seminar in Environmental Science (MIT)

Rothman, Daniel H. — 2009-06-11T01:05:27-04:00

Required for all Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences majors in the Environmental Science track, this course is an introduction to current research in the field. Stresses integration of central scientific concepts in environmental policy making and the chemistry, biology, and geology environmental science tracks. Revisits selected core themes for students who have already acquired a basic understanding of environmental science concepts. The topic for this term is Global Respiration.

HST.583 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Data Acquisition and Analysis (MIT)

Gollub, Randy L. — 2009-06-11T01:05:25-04:00

Provides information relevant to the conduct and interpretation of human brain mapping studies. Provides in-depth coverage of the physics of image formation, mechanisms of image contrast, and the physiological basis for image signals. Parenchymal and cerebrovascular neuroanatomy and application of sophisticated structural analysis algorithms for segmentation and registration of functional data are discussed. Additional topics include fMRI experimental design including block design, event related and exploratory data analysis methods, and building and applying statistical models for fMRI data. Human subject issues including informed consent, institutional review board requirements and safety in the high field environment are also presented. Probability, linear algebra, differential equations, and introductory or college-level subjects in neurobiology, physiology, and physics is required.

STS.036 Industrial Landscapes (MIT)

Fitzgerald, Deborah Kay — 2009-06-11T01:05:24-04:00

Subject considers how the visual and material world of "nature" has been reshaped by industrial practices, beliefs, structures, and activities. Readings in historical geography, aesthetics, American history, environmental and ecological history, architecture, city planning, and landscape studies. Several field trips planned to visit local industrial landscapes. Assignments involve weekly short, written responses to the readings, and discussion-leading. Final project is a photo-essay on the student's choice of industrial site (photographic experience not necessary). Description from course home page: What makes a landscape industrial? What makes an industrial site a landscape? This class considers how the development of technology in America intersected with the natural world, in some cases reshaping its contours and meanings, and in other cases getting redefined by nature's largesse or diminished capacity. The dynamic relationship between these two forces offers many examples of "historical camouflage" in which places and things are not entirely what they seem to be. At this point in history, what things that we see are not industrial in some way? How can we learn the history of places, both obviously industrial like factories, and not so obviously, like supermarkets? Is there a pattern in urban and rural places regarding where things are located, such as railroad lines, houses, refineries? How do industrial patterns differ from non-industrial patterns? The goal of this class is to develop a richer appreciation for the ways in which nature has pushed back, resisted, and collaborated with technologies in America.

12.540 Principles of the Global Positioning System (MIT)

Herring, T. (Thomas) — 2009-06-11T01:05:22-04:00

The aim of this course is to introduce the principles of the Global Positioning System and to demonstrate its application to various aspects of Earth Sciences. The specific content of the course depends each year on the interests of the students in the class. In some cases, the class interests are towards the geophysical applications of GPS and we concentrate on high precision(millimeter level) positioning on regional and global scales. In other cases, the interests have been more toward engineering applications of kinematic positioning with GPS in which case the concentration is on positioning with slightly less accuracy but being able to do so for a moving object. In all cases, we concentrate on the fundamental issues so that students should gain an understanding of the basic limitations of the system and how to extend its application to areas not yet fully explored.

6.061 Introduction to Electric Power Systems (MIT)

Kirtley, James L. — 2009-06-11T01:05:09-04:00

Fundamentals of energy-handling electric circuits and electromechanical apparatus. Modeling of magnetic field devices and description of their behavior using appropriate models. Simplification of problems using transformation techniques. Power electric circuits, magnetic circuits, lumped parameter electromechanics, and elements of linear and rotating electric machinery. Modeling of synchronous, induction, and dc machinery. Alternate years. From the course home page: Course Description This course is offered both to undergraduates (6.061) and graduates (6.979), where the graduate version has different problem sets and an additional term project. 6.061 / 6.979 is an introductory course in the field of electric power systems and electrical to mechanical energy conversion. Material encountered in the subject includes: Fundamentals of energy-handling electric circuits and electromechanical apparatus. Modeling of magnetic field devices and description of their behavior using appropriate models. Simplification of problems using transformation techniques. Power electric circuits, magnetic circuits, lumped parameter electromechanics, elements of linear and rotating electric machinery. Modeling of synchronous, induction and dc machinery. The course uses examples from current research.

5.841 Crystal Structure Refinement (MIT)

Mueller, Peter — 2009-05-27T11:56:19-04:00

This course in crystal structure refinement examines the practical aspects of crystal structure determination from data collection strategies to data reduction and basic and advanced refinement problems of organic and inorganic molecules.

11.235 Analyzing Projects and Organizations: How Organizations Behave (MIT)

Tendler, Judith — 2009-05-27T11:56:18-04:00

Seminar builds analytic skills for evaluating programs and projects, organizations, and environments. Subject covers: using proxy indicators with poor data and limited time; preparing for, conducting, and interpreting interviews; conducting cross-project and cross-organization comparisons; and finding rationality in seemingly chaotic organizational and project environments. From the course home page: Course Description This class analyzes how organizations behave, both government and nongovernment, drawing on the literature of the sociology of organizations, political science, and public administration. The class seeks to demonstrate rationality in otherwise seemingly chaotic organizational environments and implementation experiences. It builds analytical skills for evaluating programs and projects, organizations, and environments, and draws equally on developing-country and developed-country literature.

5.61 Physical Chemistry (MIT)

Griffin, Robert Guy — 2009-05-27T11:56:16-04:00

Introductory quantum chemistry; particles and waves; wave mechanics; atomic structure and the Periodic Table; valence and molecular orbital theory; molecular structure; and photochemistry. From the course home page: Course Description This course presents an introduction to quantum mechanics. It begins with an examination of the historical development of quantum theory, properties of particles and waves, wave mechanics and applications to simple systems -- the particle in a box, the harmonic oscillator, the rigid rotor and the hydrogen atom. The lectures continue with a discussion of atomic structure and the Periodic Table. The final lectures cover applications to chemical bonding including valence bond and molecular orbital theory, molecular structure, spectroscopy.

12.510 Introduction to Seismology (MIT)

Hilst, Robert Dirk van der, 1961- — 2009-05-27T11:56:15-04:00

This graduate level course presents a basic study in seismology and the utilization of seismic waves for the study of Earth's interior. It introduces techniques necessary for understanding of elastic wave propagation in layered media.

21L.421 Comedy (MIT)

Tapscott, Stephen, 1948- — 2009-05-27T11:56:14-04:00

Surveys a range of comic texts from different media, the cultures that produced them, and various theories of comedy. Authors and directors studied may include Aristophanes, Shakespeare, Molière, Austen, and Chaplin. From the course home page: Course Description This class surveys a range of comic texts from different media, the cultures that produced them, and various theories of comedy. Authors and directors studied may include Aristophanes, Shakespeare, Moliere, Austen, Chaplin. This subject laughs and then wonders how and why and what's so funny. Sometimes it laughs out loud. Sometimes it spills into satire (and asks, what's the difference?). Sometimes it doesn't laugh at all, but some resolution seems affirmative or structurally functional, in some satisfying way (by what categoriy is Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet a "comedy"? how can Dante call his vision of an organized universe a "Comedy"?). We read jokes, literary texts, tales, satirical paintings, and films, and we address a few theories about how comedy works (does it affirm? does it critique? does it disrupt? does it tip the categories upside-down? does it release energy? does it cause trouble? how is it ithat so many different effects and emotions are called "comic"?). Is comedy a way of thinking, or a literary genre? Why is it that comedy raises so many questions; is that questioning energy where laugher comes from, anyway?

21M.621 Theater and Cultural Diversity in the U.S. (MIT)

DeFrantz, Thomas — 2009-05-27T11:56:12-04:00

A study of contemporary North American theater movements and selected individual works that are organized around issues of ethnic and socio-cultural identity. Class lectures and discussions analyze samples of African-American, Chicano, Asian-American, Puerto Rican and Native American theater taking into consideration their historical and political context. Performance exercises help students identify the theatrical context and theatrical forms and techniques used by these theaters. From the course home page: Course Description This course explores contemporary American theatrical expression as it may be organized around issues of ethnic and cultural identity. This exploration will include the analysis of performances, scripts, and video documentation, as well as the invention of original documents of theatrical expression. Class lectures and discussions will analyze samples of Native American, Chicano, African American, and Asian American theater, taking into consideration the historical and political context for the creation of these works. Performance exercises will help students identify theatrical forms and techniques used by these theaters, and how these techniques contribute to the overall goals of specific theatrical expressions.

5.62 Physical Chemistry II (MIT)

Nelson, Keith A. — 2009-05-27T11:56:09-04:00

Elementary statistical mechanics; transport properties; kinetic theory; solid state; reaction rate theory; and chemical reaction dynamics.

21L.001 Foundations of Western Culture I: Homer to Dante (MIT)

Kibel, Alvin C. — 2009-05-27T11:56:09-04:00

Studies a broad range of texts essential to understanding the two great sources of Western conceptions of the world and humanity's place within it: the ancient world of Greece and Rome and the Judeo-Christian world that challenged and absorbed it. Readings vary but usually include works by Homer, Sophocles, Aristotle, Plato, Virgil, St. Augustine, and Dante. From the course home page: Course Description This subject introduces the student to some of the literary, philosophical and religious texts which became major sources of assumption about the nature of the universe and mankind's place within it and which continue to underlie the characteristically Western sense of things to this day. In particular, the subject will study closely texts from two broad ranges of texts, those of ancient Greece and some major texts of the Judeo-Christian tradition, which rivals the tradition of the ancient world and in many ways contests with it. In our discussions we will also examine the claims made in behalf of our texts that they are classics and we will explore some of the historical, literary, intellectual, and ethical significance that the question "what is a classic?" has had at different moments in the history of Western civilization.

7.88J Protein Folding Problem (MIT)

King, Jonathan, 1941- — 2009-05-27T11:56:07-04:00

Mechanisms by which the amino acid sequence of polypeptide chains determines their three-dimensional conformation. Topics include: sequence determinants of secondary structure; folding of newly synthesized polypeptide chains within cells; unfolding and refolding of proteins in vitro; folding intermediates aggregation and competing off-pathway reactions; role of chaperonins, isomerases, and other helper proteins; protein recovery problems in the biotechnology industry; diseases associated with protein folding defects.

21F.027J Visualizing Cultures (MIT)

Dower, John W. — 2009-05-27T11:55:52-04:00

Extensive reading and discussion of how visual images impose a variety of identities on individuals and societies. Case studies drawn primarily from the Pacific region, and include: identities of individuals in a society; identities of a country through history; us/them in times of war; and identities of an entire geographic region of the world (Orient/Occident). All types of visual images from both popular and high cultures are discussed. Students develop a course project. Taught in English. From the course home page: Course Description In this new course, students will study how images have been used to shape the identity of peoples and cultures. A prototype digital project looking at American and Japanese graphics depicting the opening of Japan to the outside world in the 1850s will be used as a case study to introduce the conceptual and practical issues involved in “visualizing cultures.” The major course requirement will be creation and presentation of a project involving visualized cultures.

SP.778 Toy Product Design (MIT)

Kudrowitz, Barry M. (Barry Matthew) — 2009-05-14T02:46:03-04:00

Toy Product Design is a MIT Public Service Center learning design course offered in the Spring semester. This course is an introduction to the product design process with a focus on designing for play and entertainment. At the end of the course, students present their toy products at the Playsentations to toy designers, engineers, elementary school children and the MIT community. In this course, students work in small teams of 5-6 members to design and prototype new toys. Students work closely with a local sponsor and experienced mentors on a themed toy design project. Students will be introduced to the product development process, including: determining customer needs; brainstorming; estimation; sketching; sketch modeling; concept development; design aesthetics; detailed design; prototyping; and written, visual, and oral communication.

4.301 Introduction to the Visual Arts (MIT)

Zane, Joe — 2009-05-14T01:29:18-04:00

Introduction to artistic practice and aesthetic analysis through studio work and lectures. Students communicate ideas and experiences through various media such as sculpture, installation, performance, and video. Projects evolve through stages of conceptual and material development to final presentation. Lectures, visiting artist presentations, field trips, and readings supplement studio practice, providing an index to the historical, cultural, and environmental forces that affect both development of artistic vision and reception of works of art. Lab fee. From the course home page: Course Description This class will introduce students to a variety of contemporary art practices and ideas. The class will begin with a brief overview of 'visual language' by looking at a variety of artworks and discussing basic concepts revolving around artistic practice. The rest of the class will focus on notions of the real/unreal as explored with various mediums and practices. The class will work in video, sculpture and in public space.

SP.778 Toy Product Design (MIT)

Kudrowitz, Barry — 2009-05-14T01:29:16-04:00

This course is an introduction to the product design process with an emphasis on designing for children and entertainment. Students will work in small teams to develop a working prototype of a toy. Throughout the semester students will visit local elementary schools to teach basic design practice and understand the minds of young children.

22.39 Integration of Reactor Design, Operations, and Safety (MIT)

Todreas, Neil E. — 2009-05-14T01:29:13-04:00

This course integrates studies of reactor physics and engineering sciences into nuclear power plant design. Topics include materials issues in plant design and operations, aspects of thermal design, fuel depletion and fission-product poisoning, and temperature effects on reactivity, safety considerations in regulations and operations, such as the evolution of the regulatory process, the concept of defense in depth, General Design Criteria, accident analysis, probabilistic risk assessment, and risk-informed regulations.

22.A09 Career Options for Biomedical Research (MIT)

Rosen, Bruce Robert — 2009-05-14T01:29:12-04:00

This course has been designed as a seminar to give students an understanding of how scientists with medical or scientific degrees conduct research in both hospital and academic settings. There will be interactive discussions with research clinicians and scientists about the career opportunities and research challenges in the biomedical field, which an MIT student might prepare for by obtaining an MD, PhD, or combined degrees. The seminar will be held in a case presentation format, with topics chosen from the radiological sciences, including current research in magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and other nuclear imaging techniques, and advances in radiation therapy. With the lectures as background, we will also examine alternative and related options such as biomedical engineering, medical physics, and medical engineering. We'll use as examples and points of comparisons the curriculum paths available through MIT's Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering. In past years we have given very modest assignments such as readings in advance of or after a seminar, and a short term project.

14.54 International Trade (MIT)

Lorenzoni, Guido — 2009-05-14T01:29:11-04:00

Introduction to the theory of international trade and finance with applications to current policy issues. From the course home page: Course Description The course will help us understand what determines the flow of goods across countries, i.e. international trade, and what determines the flow of savings and investments from one country to another, i.e. international finance. The subject is one of the oldest fields in economics and is extremely topical at the moment, with the ongoing debate on globalization, free trade agreements, the large current account deficits of the US, the prospects for exchange rates, and the calls for a new global financial architecture following the financial crises in East Asia and Argentina. In the course we will both cover the basic tools and some topics of current interest.

5.33 Advanced Chemical Experimentation and Instrumentation (MIT)

Gheorghiu, Mircea D. — 2009-05-14T01:29:10-04:00

Advanced experimentation, with particular emphasis on chemical synthesis and the fundamentals of quantum chemistry illustrated through molecular spectroscopy. Instruction and practice in the written and oral presentation of experimental results.

SP.776 Design for Demining (MIT)

Heafitz, Andrew — 2009-05-14T01:28:51-04:00

Humanitarian Demining is the process of detecting, removing and disposing of landmines. Millions of landmines are buried in more than 80 countries resulting in 20,000 civilian victims every year. MIT Design for Demining is a design course that spans the entire product design and development process from identification of needs and idea generation to prototyping and blast testing to manufacture and deployment. Technical, business and customer aspects are addressed. Students learn about demining while they design, develop and deliver devices to aid the demining community. Past students have invented or improved hand tools, protective gear, safety equipment, educational graphics and teaching materials. Some tools designed in previous years are in use worldwide in the thousands. Course work is informed by a class field trip to a US Army base for demining training and guest expert speakers. This course is sponsored by the National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance (NCIIA).

22.312 Engineering of Nuclear Reactors (MIT)

Buongiorno, Jacopo, 1971- — 2009-05-14T01:28:41-04:00

Engineering principles of nuclear reactors, emphasizing power reactors. Power plant thermodynamics, reactor heat generation and removal (single-phase as well as two-phase coolant flow and heat transfer), and structural mechanics. Engineering considerations in reactor design. From the course home page: Course Description This course covers engineering principles of nuclear reactors, emphasizing power reactors. Topics include power plant thermodynamics, reactor heat generation and removal (single-phase as well as two-phase coolant flow and heat transfer), and structural mechanics. Engineering considerations in reactor design are also covered. The course objective is to understand and model the thermal-hydraulic and mechanical phenomena key to the effective, reliable and safe design and operation of nuclear systems. This course is taught by Prof. Jacopo Buongiorno. More information is available on his Web site.

16.31 Feedback Control Systems (MIT)

How, Jonathan P. — 2009-05-14T01:28:39-04:00

Introduction to the state-space approach to control system analysis and control synthesis. State-space representation of dynamic systems; controllability and observability; state-space realizations of transfer functions; and canonical forms. Design of controllers using state-space methods, including pole placement and optimal control methods. Introduction to the Kalman filter. Limitations on performance of control systems from classical and state-space perspectives. Introduction to robustness of multivariable control systems, using frequency domain techniques. From the course home page: Course Description The goal of this subject is to teach the fundamentals of control design and analysis using state-space methods. This includes both the practical and theoretical aspects of the topic. By the end of the course, students should be able to design controllers using state-space methods and evaluate whether these controllers are "robust," that is, if they are likely to work well in practice.

6.002 Circuits and Electronics (MIT)

Agarwal, Anant — 2009-05-14T01:28:31-04:00

Fundamentals of the lumped circuit abstraction. Resistive elements and networks; independent and dependent sources; switches and MOS devices; digital abstraction; amplifiers; and energy storage elements. Dynamics of first- and second-order networks; design in the time and frequency domains; analog and digital circuits and applications. Design exercises. Alternate week laboratory. Enrollment may be limited. From the course home page: Course Description 6.002 introduces the fundamentals of the lumped circuit abstraction. Topics covered include: resistive elements and networks; independent and dependent sources; switches and MOS transistors; digital abstraction; amplifiers; energy storage elements; dynamics of first- and second-order networks; design in the time and frequency domains; and analog and digital circuits and applications. Design and lab exercises are also significant components of the course. 6.002 is worth 4 Engineering Design Points.

18.085 Mathematical Methods for Engineers I (MIT)

Strang, Gilbert — 2009-04-09T01:34:51-04:00

This course provides a review of linear algebra, including applications to networks, structures, and estimation, Lagrange multipliers. Also covered are: differential equations of equilibrium; Laplace's equation and potential flow; boundary-value problems; minimum principles and calculus of variations; Fourier series; discrete Fourier transform; convolution; and applications.

18.S34 Problem Solving Seminar (MIT)

Rogers, H. (Hartley), 1926- — 2009-04-09T01:34:50-04:00

This course,which is geared toward Freshmen, is an undergraduate seminar on mathematical problem solving. It is intended for students who enjoy solving challenging mathematical problems and who are interested in learning various techniques and background information useful for problem solving. Students in this course are expected to compete in a nationwide mathematics contest for undergraduates.

9.15 Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Synaptic Transmission (MIT)

Wurtman, Richard J., 1936- — 2009-04-09T01:34:49-04:00

Considers the process of neurotransmission, especially chemicals used in the brain and elsewhere to carry signals from nerve terminals to the structures they innervate. Focuses on monoamine transmitters (acetylcholine; serotonin; dopamine and norepinephrine); also examines amino acid and peptide transmitters and neuromodulators like adenosine. Macromolecules that mediate neurotransmitter synthesis, release, inactivation, and receptor-mediated actions are discussed, as well as factors that regulate their activity and the second-messenger systems they control. Alternate years.

18.310 Principles of Applied Mathematics (MIT)

Kleitman, Daniel J. — 2009-04-09T01:34:46-04:00

Principles of Applied Mathematics is a study of illustrative topics in discrete applied mathematics including sorting algorithms, information theory, coding theory, secret codes, generating functions, linear programming, game theory. There is an emphasis on topics that have direct application in the real world.

5.46 Organic Structure Determination (MIT)

Jamison, Timothy F. — 2009-04-09T01:34:45-04:00

Applications of 1D and 2D ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy to organic structure determination. This course covers modern and advanced methods of elucidation of the structures of organic molecules, including NMR, MS, and IR (among others). The fundamental physical and chemical principles of each method will be discussed. The major emphasis of this course is on structure determination by way of interpreting the data (generally in the form of a spectrum or spectra) that each method provides.

21H.206 American Consumer Culture (MIT)

Jacobs, Meg, 1969- — 2009-04-09T01:34:45-04:00

Examines how and why twentieth-century Americans came to define the "good life" through consumption, leisure, and material abundance. Explores how such things as department stores, advertising, mass-produced cars, and suburbs transformed the American economy, society, and politics.

6.450 Principles of Digital Communication - I (MIT)

Gallager, Robert G. — 2009-04-09T01:34:42-04:00

6.450 was offered in Fall 2002 as a relatively new elective on digital communication. The course serves as an introduction to the theory and practice behind many of today's communications systems. 6.450 forms the first of a two-course sequence on digital communication. The second class, 6.451, is offered in the spring. Topics covered include: digital communications at the block diagram level, data compression, Lempel-Ziv algorithm, scalar and vector quantization, sampling and aliasing, the Nyquist criterion, PAM and QAM modulation, signal constellations, finite-energy waveform spaces, detection, and introduction to communication system design.

6.824 Distributed Computer Systems (MIT)

Morris, Robert Tappan — 2009-04-09T01:34:38-04:00

Abstractions and implementation techniques for design of distributed systems; server design, network programming, naming, storage systems, security, and fault tolerance. Readings from current literature. 6 Engineering Design Points.

22.313 Thermal Hydraulics in Nuclear Power Technology (MIT)

Buongiorno, Jacopo, 1971- — 2009-02-25T11:44:28-05:00

Advanced topics emphasizing thermo-fluid dynamic phenomena and analysis methods. Single-heated channel-transient analysis. Multiple-heated channels connected at plena. Loop analysis including single and two-phase natural circulation. Kinematics and dynamics of two-phase flows with energy addition. Boiling, instabilities, and critical conditions. Subchannel analysis. From the course home page: Course Description This course covers the thermo-fluid dynamic phenomena and analysis methods for conventional and nuclear power stations. Specific topics include: kinematics and dynamics of two-phase flows; steam separation; boiling, instabilities, and critical conditions; single-channel transient analysis; multiple channels connected at plena; loop analysis including single and two-phase natural circulation; and subchannel analysis. Starting in Spring 2007, this course will be offered jointly in the Departments of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Chemical Engineering, and will be titled "Thermal Hydraulics in Power Technology."

14.662 Labor Economics II (MIT)

Autor, David H. — 2009-02-25T11:44:27-05:00

The development and evolution of labor market structures and institutions. Particular focus on competing explanations of recent developments in the distribution of wage and salary income and in key institutions and organizational structures. Special attention to theories of worker motivation and behavior, the determination of wages, technology, and social stratification. From the course home page: Course Description This class focuses on labor institutions, the transformation of those institutions in the last three decades, and the possible relationship between that transformation and the shifting distribution of wage and salary income. The emphasis is on the United States and other advanced industrial countries, with some discussion of the relevance of the theory and analysis to developing economies.

15.053 Introduction to Optimization (MIT)

Orlin, James B., 1953- — 2009-02-25T11:44:22-05:00

Introduces students to the theory, algorithms, and applications of optimization. The optimization methodologies include linear programming, network optimization, dynamic programming, integer programming, non-linear programming, and heuristics. Applications to logistics, manufacturing, transportation, E-commerce, project management, and finance.

15.389 Global Entrepreneurship Lab (MIT)

Locke, Richard M., 1959- — 2009-02-25T11:44:21-05:00

Enables teams of engineering, science, and management students to work with the top management of international high-tech start-ups and gain hands-on experience in starting and running a new enterprise outside the United States. Lectures expose students to the issues and policies that affect the climate for innovation and start-up success around the world. Subject begins in the second half of the fall semester. Continues for 2-3 weeks during IAP, when students spend time at company sites. Subject concludes in the first half of the spring semester. Students must complete all three components to receive credit. From the course home page: Course Description A new form of entrepreneurship is developing. Instead of focusing just on one country, today's innovative startups are increasingly looking globally for ideas, funding, people and markets. This is particularly true for new companies in Latin America, Western Europe and Asia. It is also true for many new companies in the United States. G-Lab has four goals: 1. To familiarize students with the issues and challenges facing global startups. 2. To provide students with the experience of working in a "global" startup. These companies are either based outside the US or are in the US and trying to go global at a very early stage in their development. 3. To allow students to build networks of contacts with entrepreneurs and venture capitalists around the world. We very much hope that this will lead to career opportunities in a wide range of industries and countries. We also hope your experience will help you decide whether, when and how you would like to work as a global entrepreneur. 4. To offer high quality advice for global startups. We would like MIT Sloan to become the first place that global startups look for advice and help. This is an important goal for you, the MIT Entrepreneurship Center and all future generations of MIT students.

21M.775 Hip Hop (MIT)

DeFrantz, Thomas — 2009-02-25T11:44:21-05:00

Subject explores the political and aesthetic foundations of hip hop. Students trace the musical, corporeal, visual, spoken word, and literary manifestations of hip hop over its thirty year presence in the American cultural imagery. Students also investigate specific black cultural practices that have given rise to its various idioms. Students create material culture related to each thematic section of the course. Scheduled work in performance studio help students understand how hip hop is created and assessed. From the course home page: Course Description This course explores the political and aesthetic foundations of hip hop. It traces the musical, corporeal, visual, spoken word, and literary manifestations of hip hop over its thirty-five year presence in the American cultural imaginary. It also investigates specific black cultural practices that have given rise to its various idioms. Hip hop has invigorated the academy, inspiring scholarship rooted in black musical and literary traditions. This course assesses these sharp breaks and flamboyant versionings of hip hop that have occurred within the academy.

2.782J Design of Medical Devices and Implants (MIT)

Yannas, Ioannis V. — 2009-02-25T11:44:19-05:00

Solution of clinical problems by use of implants and other medical devices. Systematic use of cell-matrix control volumes. The role of stress analysis in the design process. Anatomic fit: shape and size of implants. Selection of biomaterials. Instrumentation for surgical implantation procedures. Preclinical testing for safety and efficacy: risk/benefit ratio assessment. Evaluation of clinical performance: design of clinical trials. Project materials drawn from orthopedic devices, soft tissue implants, artificial organs, and dental implants.

21F.225 Advanced Workshop in Writing for Science and Engineering: ESL (MIT)

Dunphy, Jane M. — 2009-02-25T11:44:19-05:00

This workshop is designed to help advanced students of ESL and bilingual students to write clearly, accurately and effectively in a professional or academic technical environment. In class, we will focus on analyzing examples of various forms of technical writing. In addition, while 21.225/6 is not a grammar review, we will address many of the common problems of advanced non-native writers of technical English. Class members will occasionally be the authors of the work under review. They will also occasionally be responsible for leading group discussions and for short oral presentations. The course, then, is not a grammar class nor a thesis editing service though we will spend considerable time developing students’ editorial skills. Constructive participation in the group analyses, discussions and speaking exercises that take place in class is crucial to the learning process and to the success of the workshop. As a result, regular attendance and timely completion of assignments are requirements of 21.225/6. Students who, due to general study habits or schedule conflicts, expect to have difficulty in arriving on time or in attending every class, and in completing assignments on time, do not belong in the class. No listeners are accepted in 21F225/6. Completion of 21.226 with a grade of A or B fulfills Phase II of the MIT Undergraduate Writing Requirement. (It cannot fulfill both Phase I and Phase II at the same time.)