Structure of the Atom
4. Matter/Energy Interactions: Atomic Spectra
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Session Overview
| Modules | Structure of the Atom |
| Concepts | atomic spectra of hydrogen, matter/energy interactions involving atomic hydrogen, planetary model, Bohr's postulates, quantum condition, ionization energy, electron orbital transitions |
| Keywords | angstrom, Avogadro's number, prism, refraction, wavelength, nanometer, Johann Balmer, wavenumber, Michael Faraday, cathode, anode, electron volt, Bohr radius, ground state, ionization energy, energy level, conservation of energy, atomic spectra, Cecilia Payne, Ernest Rutherford, joule, coulomb, Max Planck, Planck's constant, emission spectra, spectrograph, electrode, photon, volt, radiation |
| Chemical Substances | hydrogen (H), helium (He), lithium (Li) |
| Applications | chemical analysis, analyzing composition of stars, television |
Prerequisites
Before starting this session, you should be familiar with:
Looking Ahead
Prof. Sadoway discusses the shell model and quantum numbers (Session 5).
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you should be able to:
- Describe how the atomic spectra of hydrogen is produced.
- Explain why the radius of the electron orbital takes multiple values that are discrete, quantized, and non-linear.
- Define the Bohr radius.
- Calculate the energy of an electron in the ground state of hydrogen.
- Explain trends in ionization energy across the periodic table.
- Describe the ground state of the gas phase atom.
Reading
Archived Lecture Notes #1 (PDF), Sections 3, 5
| Book Chapters | Topics |
|---|---|
 [A&E] 6.3, "Atomic Spectra and Models of the Atom." | Line spectra; the Bohr model; uses of emission and absorption spectra |
Lecture Video
Download this video:
» iTunes U (MP4 - 220MB)
» Internet Archive (MP4 - 220MB)
Resources
Lecture Summary
This lecture gives more details about the atomic spectra of hydrogen along with matter/energy interactions involving atomic hydrogen.
Prof. Sadoway discusses the following:
- Bohr model
- Energy levels
- Stimulated emissions
- Photons
Homework
For Further Study
Textbook Study Materials
See the [A&E] companion website for PowerPoint outlines of each chapter, plus online quizzes, interactive graphs and 3D molecular animations:
Supplemental Readings
Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia H. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin: An Autobiography and Other Recollections. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1996. ISBN: 9780521482516.
Baade, W., and Cecilia Payne. Evolution of Stars and Galaxies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1963.
Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia H. Stars and Clusters. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979. ISBN: 9780674834408.
People
Niels Bohr - 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics
Max Planck - 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics
Ernest Rutherford - 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Other OCW and OER Content
| Content | Provider | Level | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science | MIT OpenCourseWare | Undergraduate (first-year) | Lecture 5: Hydrogen Atom Energy Levels |
| The Hydrogen Atom | HyperPhysics | High school |
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| « Previous: Atomic Models: Rutherford & Bohr | Next: Electron Shell Model & Quantum Numbers » |
