1 00:00:16,040 --> 00:00:20,510 PROFESSOR 1: About yourselves, so raise your hand, I guess, 2 00:00:20,510 --> 00:00:25,040 if you're from Wellesley. 3 00:00:25,040 --> 00:00:26,530 Nobody at Wellesley wants to fly. 4 00:00:26,530 --> 00:00:27,800 OK. 5 00:00:27,800 --> 00:00:29,610 Harvard? 6 00:00:29,610 --> 00:00:30,130 OK. 7 00:00:30,130 --> 00:00:31,180 Everybody else can boo. 8 00:00:34,150 --> 00:00:37,110 Who has no MIT affiliation? 9 00:00:37,110 --> 00:00:37,610 All right. 10 00:00:37,610 --> 00:00:37,910 Awesome. 11 00:00:37,910 --> 00:00:38,493 Well, welcome. 12 00:00:42,620 --> 00:00:44,480 Raise your hand if you've never been 13 00:00:44,480 --> 00:00:47,120 in a light aircraft, if you have no experience 14 00:00:47,120 --> 00:00:49,930 in a little airplane. 15 00:00:49,930 --> 00:00:50,430 OK. 16 00:00:50,430 --> 00:00:50,820 PROFESSOR 2: That's good. 17 00:00:50,820 --> 00:00:51,695 That's a good number. 18 00:00:51,695 --> 00:00:57,250 For the MIT folks, how many of you are undergrads? 19 00:00:57,250 --> 00:00:57,750 OK. 20 00:00:57,750 --> 00:00:58,625 That's a good number. 21 00:00:58,625 --> 00:01:01,875 How many of you are graduate students? 22 00:01:01,875 --> 00:01:06,950 It's an even larger number, and how many of you are neither? 23 00:01:06,950 --> 00:01:10,860 You're just like an MIT alumni or staff. 24 00:01:10,860 --> 00:01:11,970 Just a few, OK, great. 25 00:01:11,970 --> 00:01:13,438 Well, welcome, all of you. 26 00:01:13,438 --> 00:01:15,480 PROFESSOR 1: And let's just go through the goals. 27 00:01:15,480 --> 00:01:16,647 Let's see who's in the room. 28 00:01:16,647 --> 00:01:19,970 Who wants to eventually fly an airplane? 29 00:01:19,970 --> 00:01:21,330 Whoa. 30 00:01:21,330 --> 00:01:23,600 How about a helicopter? 31 00:01:23,600 --> 00:01:24,410 Good. 32 00:01:24,410 --> 00:01:26,190 I'm happy to see that. 33 00:01:26,190 --> 00:01:29,422 What about drones? 34 00:01:29,422 --> 00:01:30,380 PROFESSOR 2: All right. 35 00:01:30,380 --> 00:01:31,963 That's a larger number than last year. 36 00:01:31,963 --> 00:01:33,852 That's great. 37 00:01:33,852 --> 00:01:34,810 PROFESSOR 1: All right. 38 00:01:34,810 --> 00:01:42,600 So your course objectives are to get ready for your official FAA 39 00:01:42,600 --> 00:01:44,820 Knowledge Test. 40 00:01:44,820 --> 00:01:47,880 This is sometimes called the written test as opposed 41 00:01:47,880 --> 00:01:49,680 to the practical test or the check 42 00:01:49,680 --> 00:01:53,100 ride that you do at the end of your flight training. 43 00:01:53,100 --> 00:01:55,500 It's available in a bunch of different versions, 44 00:01:55,500 --> 00:01:59,220 including for airplanes and helicopters. 45 00:01:59,220 --> 00:02:02,550 We're going to concentrate in this class on airplane, partly 46 00:02:02,550 --> 00:02:05,290 because of the show of hands. 47 00:02:05,290 --> 00:02:09,710 You will also be prepared though for the FAA's remote pilot 48 00:02:09,710 --> 00:02:12,770 test, if you decide to go direct entry into the world 49 00:02:12,770 --> 00:02:14,720 of commercial drones. 50 00:02:14,720 --> 00:02:17,930 We hope that this is also going to help you. 51 00:02:17,930 --> 00:02:19,670 Any kind of thorough study usually 52 00:02:19,670 --> 00:02:23,840 helps you make more efficient use of your in-aircraft time. 53 00:02:23,840 --> 00:02:28,460 And cause we have Tina here, with her PhD in aero-astro, 54 00:02:28,460 --> 00:02:32,930 you're going to learn something about the engineering as well. 55 00:02:32,930 --> 00:02:37,220 So what is great about aviation? 56 00:02:37,220 --> 00:02:40,340 People were dreaming about flying a long time ago going 57 00:02:40,340 --> 00:02:42,020 back to the ancient Greeks. 58 00:02:42,020 --> 00:02:46,580 Only recently, we've been able to do it which is a good thing. 59 00:02:46,580 --> 00:02:49,190 One thing I like about it is to look 60 00:02:49,190 --> 00:02:52,820 at the geology and the organization 61 00:02:52,820 --> 00:02:55,340 of human settlement on the planet. 62 00:02:55,340 --> 00:02:57,260 It's a lot of interesting structural patterns 63 00:02:57,260 --> 00:03:02,410 that one can see from above. 64 00:03:02,410 --> 00:03:04,930 Flying, a lot of the greatest engineering achievements 65 00:03:04,930 --> 00:03:10,510 of the last 100 years or so are embodied in the aircraft 66 00:03:10,510 --> 00:03:15,080 that you can personally go down to the local airport, 67 00:03:15,080 --> 00:03:18,460 rent, and fly. 68 00:03:18,460 --> 00:03:23,230 Also, everybody at MIT is pretty good at doing stuff at a desk 69 00:03:23,230 --> 00:03:27,580 and thinking about hard problems when sitting at a desk, 70 00:03:27,580 --> 00:03:34,240 but there's no emotions to manage other than depression. 71 00:03:34,240 --> 00:03:36,645 So flying combines everything. 72 00:03:36,645 --> 00:03:38,020 You might be a little bit afraid. 73 00:03:38,020 --> 00:03:40,180 It's not natural to be up in the air. 74 00:03:40,180 --> 00:03:43,960 So you're working all of your human capacities at one time. 75 00:03:43,960 --> 00:03:46,690 You're managing your fear, you're working your brain 76 00:03:46,690 --> 00:03:48,700 to think about what's coming next, 77 00:03:48,700 --> 00:03:53,290 and you're also working your muscles. 78 00:03:53,290 --> 00:03:57,100 Finally, you can get to the beach quickly, 79 00:03:57,100 --> 00:04:00,748 but as I note here, most places, unfortunately 80 00:04:00,748 --> 00:04:03,040 little airplanes when you factor in the weather and all 81 00:04:03,040 --> 00:04:06,760 the training that you have to do, a lot of times, 82 00:04:06,760 --> 00:04:09,130 you could've gotten door-to-door faster. 83 00:04:09,130 --> 00:04:11,110 PROFESSOR 2: I might also just ask 84 00:04:11,110 --> 00:04:14,170 a couple of you guys, pretty much everyone 85 00:04:14,170 --> 00:04:16,690 raised their hand about wanting to fly, 86 00:04:16,690 --> 00:04:19,870 so maybe we can just hear from a couple of you 87 00:04:19,870 --> 00:04:20,950 why do you want to fly? 88 00:04:20,950 --> 00:04:22,810 What's your interest in taking the course? 89 00:04:29,720 --> 00:04:30,940 Yes. 90 00:04:30,940 --> 00:04:33,400 AUDIENCE: I'm also a PhD student in aero-astro, 91 00:04:33,400 --> 00:04:38,630 so like you learn all the theory for now, like, 5 years already, 92 00:04:38,630 --> 00:04:44,053 and I think it's a normal step to like want to do it yourself. 93 00:04:44,053 --> 00:04:46,220 PROFESSOR 2: That's great so just for the folks that 94 00:04:46,220 --> 00:04:47,780 couldn't hear-- 95 00:04:47,780 --> 00:04:49,930 and what's your name? 96 00:04:49,930 --> 00:04:50,430 Lawrence. 97 00:04:50,430 --> 00:04:53,450 Lawrence was saying, he's a PhD student in aerospace 98 00:04:53,450 --> 00:04:56,010 engineering and has learned all the theory, 99 00:04:56,010 --> 00:04:58,858 and so it's a natural step to want too go and do it yourself. 100 00:04:58,858 --> 00:04:59,400 That's great. 101 00:05:04,232 --> 00:05:05,190 PROFESSOR 1: All right. 102 00:05:05,190 --> 00:05:07,020 Can you do it? 103 00:05:07,020 --> 00:05:11,220 Yes, as in fact appears on the slide here, 104 00:05:11,220 --> 00:05:13,920 there are a whole bunch of little airports near us, 105 00:05:13,920 --> 00:05:17,040 and we'll show them on a subsequent slide. 106 00:05:17,040 --> 00:05:19,380 They all have flight schools, and you 107 00:05:19,380 --> 00:05:23,310 can rent either airplanes or helicopters or both, 108 00:05:23,310 --> 00:05:26,490 as well as find an instructor to teach you. 109 00:05:26,490 --> 00:05:30,570 You can actually learned to fly in about 10 hours. 110 00:05:30,570 --> 00:05:32,310 To me, it's a little bit unfortunate 111 00:05:32,310 --> 00:05:36,020 that so much emphasis is placed on getting a pilot's 112 00:05:36,020 --> 00:05:39,360 certificate, because it is an independent achievement 113 00:05:39,360 --> 00:05:43,020 to actually be able to take off, cruise around, and land 114 00:05:43,020 --> 00:05:47,220 without the instructor having to touch anything. 115 00:05:47,220 --> 00:05:48,750 So that achievement, unfortunately, 116 00:05:48,750 --> 00:05:51,000 isn't recognized with a little certificate, 117 00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:52,890 but that's actually learning to fly. 118 00:05:52,890 --> 00:05:58,170 The rest of the training, which takes three times as long 119 00:05:58,170 --> 00:06:00,720 as actually learning to fly, is directed 120 00:06:00,720 --> 00:06:04,050 at flying a broken aircraft or a lost aircraft, 121 00:06:04,050 --> 00:06:06,750 all this stuff that prepares you to be 122 00:06:06,750 --> 00:06:10,770 the only pilot in the aircraft, which may not even be a goal. 123 00:06:10,770 --> 00:06:12,210 For passengers, they would rather 124 00:06:12,210 --> 00:06:15,300 have two pilots in the front not just one pilot, 125 00:06:15,300 --> 00:06:18,840 but there's a bizarre focus on training one person 126 00:06:18,840 --> 00:06:21,640 to do everything, which we'll get into a little bit more. 127 00:06:21,640 --> 00:06:22,140 OK. 128 00:06:22,140 --> 00:06:28,080 So here's our local area, and watch this fancy device here. 129 00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:29,970 Whoa. 130 00:06:29,970 --> 00:06:32,400 So we're somewhere between Logan Airport 131 00:06:32,400 --> 00:06:36,960 on the bottom right and Hanscom Field 132 00:06:36,960 --> 00:06:39,270 which is surrounded by dashed blue line, 133 00:06:39,270 --> 00:06:41,160 telling you it's a towered airport. 134 00:06:41,160 --> 00:06:44,070 So those are the two closest airports, I think. 135 00:06:44,070 --> 00:06:46,380 Norwood is just about as close. 136 00:06:46,380 --> 00:06:50,700 I'll show that right here on the lower left of the figure. 137 00:06:50,700 --> 00:06:56,640 These airports that are in a magenta color, those 138 00:06:56,640 --> 00:06:59,070 don't have control towers. 139 00:06:59,070 --> 00:07:03,150 Over here is Beverly, and here's Lawrence. 140 00:07:03,150 --> 00:07:06,480 I think we've covered the airports that MIT folks most 141 00:07:06,480 --> 00:07:10,930 normally fly out of, but there's also Nashua not too far away. 142 00:07:10,930 --> 00:07:13,200 So you're surrounded by airports, 143 00:07:13,200 --> 00:07:16,290 even if Logan is the one that you're most familiar with. 144 00:07:16,290 --> 00:07:19,200 Hanscom Field is the most substantial of the airports. 145 00:07:19,200 --> 00:07:21,600 This is only about a third of the ramp space 146 00:07:21,600 --> 00:07:24,610 and hangars and structures built up around Hanscom. 147 00:07:24,610 --> 00:07:28,740 That's a picture that I took from a Robinson R44 148 00:07:28,740 --> 00:07:31,980 helicopter, which you guys could be flying in next week. 149 00:07:34,880 --> 00:07:37,160 And Tina's going to tell you what she 150 00:07:37,160 --> 00:07:39,825 likes to do on a typical trip. 151 00:07:39,825 --> 00:07:41,700 PROFESSOR 2: So we heard from a couple of you 152 00:07:41,700 --> 00:07:45,780 that are observers or participants in the MIT flying 153 00:07:45,780 --> 00:07:46,440 club. 154 00:07:46,440 --> 00:07:49,080 Did anyone participate in the fly-out 155 00:07:49,080 --> 00:07:53,440 a couple of years ago to Maine, to Bar Harbor? 156 00:07:53,440 --> 00:07:54,740 All right. 157 00:07:54,740 --> 00:07:59,180 So this is a picture from that flight to Bar Harbor. 158 00:07:59,180 --> 00:08:00,450 Just grab the clicker for me. 159 00:08:00,450 --> 00:08:00,950 Thanks. 160 00:08:03,540 --> 00:08:06,870 So if you were to drive, we took off just, 161 00:08:06,870 --> 00:08:10,410 as Phillip was describing, one of the nearby airports 162 00:08:10,410 --> 00:08:12,090 is at Hanscom. 163 00:08:12,090 --> 00:08:14,850 So we took off from Hanscom. 164 00:08:14,850 --> 00:08:18,810 If you were to drive, it would be a 4 1/2 hour drive to get 165 00:08:18,810 --> 00:08:20,093 there and back. 166 00:08:20,093 --> 00:08:21,510 So it wouldn't really be something 167 00:08:21,510 --> 00:08:24,210 that you could easily do as a day trip, 168 00:08:24,210 --> 00:08:26,780 but since we were flying, it was a great day trip. 169 00:08:26,780 --> 00:08:30,720 So we flew up along the coast all the way to Bar Harbor, 170 00:08:30,720 --> 00:08:32,370 and what was really great about that 171 00:08:32,370 --> 00:08:33,750 is that we could go hiking. 172 00:08:33,750 --> 00:08:37,530 So all these folks flew in little airplanes 173 00:08:37,530 --> 00:08:41,010 from the Boston area through the MIT flying club, 174 00:08:41,010 --> 00:08:43,230 and we all flew up to the Bar Harbor, Maine. 175 00:08:43,230 --> 00:08:46,485 And then we went hiking in the Acadia woods and forests, 176 00:08:46,485 --> 00:08:49,110 and it was really beautiful, wonderful day, 177 00:08:49,110 --> 00:08:53,560 and then we flew back and landed just after sunset back here. 178 00:08:53,560 --> 00:08:56,880 So it was a really beautiful experience and a lot of fun 179 00:08:56,880 --> 00:08:59,260 to fly along the coastline. 180 00:08:59,260 --> 00:09:00,470 So I highly recommend it. 181 00:09:04,560 --> 00:09:06,540 If you're looking for a longer trip. 182 00:09:06,540 --> 00:09:08,070 PROFESSOR 1: So I designed this. 183 00:09:08,070 --> 00:09:09,570 You can check it out on my web blog. 184 00:09:09,570 --> 00:09:13,800 It is a trip in a little Cirrus that'll 185 00:09:13,800 --> 00:09:18,390 take you to all 48 states in just 18 days 186 00:09:18,390 --> 00:09:20,700 and only about 50 hours of flight time, 187 00:09:20,700 --> 00:09:23,070 and that's a pretty standard little airplane. 188 00:09:23,070 --> 00:09:26,610 But more importantly, so people who-- 189 00:09:26,610 --> 00:09:28,950 I just came back from Bentonville, Arkansas, 190 00:09:28,950 --> 00:09:31,890 and there's a guy there who's the grandson of Sam 191 00:09:31,890 --> 00:09:33,750 Walton, the founder of Walmart. 192 00:09:33,750 --> 00:09:37,200 So he can pretty much do anything he wants, 193 00:09:37,200 --> 00:09:38,400 and what does he like to do? 194 00:09:38,400 --> 00:09:40,860 He has a couple P51 Mustangs. 195 00:09:40,860 --> 00:09:42,660 He was flying alongside this little game 196 00:09:42,660 --> 00:09:45,750 Verde aerobatic plane that we were testing out. 197 00:09:45,750 --> 00:09:49,330 He's got a super Corsair. 198 00:09:49,330 --> 00:09:52,350 There were only 10 built. He started as a little flight 199 00:09:52,350 --> 00:09:54,030 school at the local airport. 200 00:09:54,030 --> 00:09:57,270 He flies his little Phemon 300 business 201 00:09:57,270 --> 00:09:58,840 jet all over the world. 202 00:09:58,840 --> 00:10:03,220 So I think that's a proof that flying is fun, 203 00:10:03,220 --> 00:10:04,830 because people who could do anything 204 00:10:04,830 --> 00:10:06,990 that they want to do also fly. 205 00:10:06,990 --> 00:10:08,490 You're going to meet people from all 206 00:10:08,490 --> 00:10:11,010 around the world of all different ages. 207 00:10:11,010 --> 00:10:15,060 It's a very diverse group, especially if you like older 208 00:10:15,060 --> 00:10:19,760 guys, [LAUGHTER] which I do. 209 00:10:24,260 --> 00:10:25,260 Is it safe? 210 00:10:25,260 --> 00:10:25,760 OK. 211 00:10:25,760 --> 00:10:28,160 So we're going to show you how to make it safe. 212 00:10:28,160 --> 00:10:32,750 It's not safe statistically, compared to JetBlue, 213 00:10:32,750 --> 00:10:36,020 but that's not because little airplanes or feeble. 214 00:10:36,020 --> 00:10:39,260 As you'll see in this class, I think it's because of the way 215 00:10:39,260 --> 00:10:41,660 that people have been flying them. 216 00:10:41,660 --> 00:10:45,170 So we're going to show you how, if you train like the airlines 217 00:10:45,170 --> 00:10:49,460 and fly like the airlines, you can get much closer to airline 218 00:10:49,460 --> 00:10:51,800 level of safety in little airplanes, 219 00:10:51,800 --> 00:10:54,860 as long as you're a little bit conservative with the weather. 220 00:10:54,860 --> 00:10:58,610 And if all else fails, if you're flying a modern design 221 00:10:58,610 --> 00:11:01,160 airplane, reach up and pull the parachute. 222 00:11:01,160 --> 00:11:03,200 And the whole airplane will float down, 223 00:11:03,200 --> 00:11:06,960 and you'll get out into a swamp. 224 00:11:06,960 --> 00:11:07,460 All right. 225 00:11:07,460 --> 00:11:08,800 I'm taking mine back. 226 00:11:13,090 --> 00:11:18,330 I thought that she was on air, but she's not. 227 00:11:18,330 --> 00:11:18,910 OK. 228 00:11:18,910 --> 00:11:20,190 So this is me. 229 00:11:20,190 --> 00:11:21,900 I was class of 82 at MIT. 230 00:11:21,900 --> 00:11:24,970 It was much more challenging then than it is for you guys. 231 00:11:24,970 --> 00:11:27,840 That's because the Wisconsin ice sheet was covering the campus 232 00:11:27,840 --> 00:11:29,880 to a depth of about 100 feet. 233 00:11:29,880 --> 00:11:32,460 So we had to tunnel our way from East Campus 234 00:11:32,460 --> 00:11:34,410 into the main buildings. 235 00:11:34,410 --> 00:11:36,570 I've been flying since 2002. 236 00:11:36,570 --> 00:11:42,270 I'm an instructor at East Coast Aero Club at Hanscom Field. 237 00:11:42,270 --> 00:11:44,460 I was also a regional jet pilot. 238 00:11:44,460 --> 00:11:46,860 I decided to learn to fly jets, and there's no better way 239 00:11:46,860 --> 00:11:49,170 to do that than at the airlines. 240 00:11:49,170 --> 00:11:53,670 So I flew a 50-seat regional jet called the CRJ, Canadair 241 00:11:53,670 --> 00:11:55,180 Regional Jet, for Delta. 242 00:11:55,180 --> 00:11:57,180 I have type ratings, which we'll get into later. 243 00:11:57,180 --> 00:12:00,840 You need specific licensing for each turbo jet powered aircraft 244 00:12:00,840 --> 00:12:02,220 that you fly. 245 00:12:02,220 --> 00:12:04,410 So I've got two of those. 246 00:12:04,410 --> 00:12:08,190 One of them is for the smallest Cessna business jet. 247 00:12:08,190 --> 00:12:12,542 I usually fly though, these days, a four-seat Cirrus, 248 00:12:12,542 --> 00:12:15,600 a Robinson R44, a four-seat helicopter, 249 00:12:15,600 --> 00:12:22,260 and a Pilatus PC-12 which holds either 11 people total or 60 250 00:12:22,260 --> 00:12:25,440 sea turtles, which we'll get into a little bit later. 251 00:12:28,880 --> 00:12:31,550 PROFESSOR 2: So this is a little bit about me. 252 00:12:31,550 --> 00:12:34,820 In the top left corner, you'll see me. 253 00:12:34,820 --> 00:12:39,440 I'm actually sitting in a Cessna 172, here at Hanscom, 254 00:12:39,440 --> 00:12:41,390 and I'm doing my engine run-up. 255 00:12:41,390 --> 00:12:44,330 And what do you see out the window? 256 00:12:44,330 --> 00:12:47,710 Does anyone recognize it? 257 00:12:47,710 --> 00:12:48,630 AUDIENCE: An F-18. 258 00:12:48,630 --> 00:12:51,210 PROFESSOR 2: An F-18, so what's really cool 259 00:12:51,210 --> 00:12:54,150 is that this airport that I fly out of, 260 00:12:54,150 --> 00:12:58,320 Hanscom, is also a military Air Force Base. 261 00:12:58,320 --> 00:13:01,150 Which is really exciting, because upon occasion, 262 00:13:01,150 --> 00:13:03,900 you'll actually see military jets come out. 263 00:13:03,900 --> 00:13:05,890 And they, of course, did not wait for me, 264 00:13:05,890 --> 00:13:08,640 even though I was first in line. 265 00:13:08,640 --> 00:13:10,480 They nicely cut in front. 266 00:13:10,480 --> 00:13:14,460 They called themselves jet 1 and jet 2, and they went out. 267 00:13:14,460 --> 00:13:16,380 And it really looked like they didn't 268 00:13:16,380 --> 00:13:20,880 take any space at all, any of the runway length to take off. 269 00:13:20,880 --> 00:13:24,300 It really looked, from where I was sitting, right next to it, 270 00:13:24,300 --> 00:13:27,150 like they just turned like a rocket ship and took off, 271 00:13:27,150 --> 00:13:30,820 and it was really amazing. 272 00:13:30,820 --> 00:13:32,020 PROFESSOR 1: Sorry, Tina. 273 00:13:32,020 --> 00:13:33,020 PROFESSOR 2: No problem. 274 00:13:33,020 --> 00:13:36,340 So this is just a picture of me just 275 00:13:36,340 --> 00:13:39,820 going on a flight with some other MIT folks in the area, 276 00:13:39,820 --> 00:13:45,090 and then, of course, if all else fails, you can just jump out. 277 00:13:45,090 --> 00:13:46,600 So a little bit of background. 278 00:13:46,600 --> 00:13:50,710 So I'm also aero-astro, just like you, Lawrence, 279 00:13:50,710 --> 00:13:53,560 and so I studied Course 16 here. 280 00:13:53,560 --> 00:13:57,430 I did my undergrad in 2009, and I was really passionate 281 00:13:57,430 --> 00:13:59,950 about it and continued on. 282 00:13:59,950 --> 00:14:02,410 And I did the MIT System Design and Management 283 00:14:02,410 --> 00:14:06,100 Program for my master's degree and then continued on 284 00:14:06,100 --> 00:14:10,780 in an interdepartmental PhD across Aero-Astro Engineering 285 00:14:10,780 --> 00:14:12,340 Systems and Sloan. 286 00:14:12,340 --> 00:14:14,380 It was a really great experience. 287 00:14:14,380 --> 00:14:16,600 One of the things that got me really excited about it 288 00:14:16,600 --> 00:14:19,960 is that, when I was an undergrad in the Course 16 department, 289 00:14:19,960 --> 00:14:21,550 we were developing a satellite, and we 290 00:14:21,550 --> 00:14:22,840 needed to test that satellite. 291 00:14:22,840 --> 00:14:25,485 So we actually got to go on a zero gravity flight. 292 00:14:25,485 --> 00:14:27,610 So I don't know, has anyone heard of a zero gravity 293 00:14:27,610 --> 00:14:29,690 flight or the Vomit Comet? 294 00:14:29,690 --> 00:14:30,190 All right. 295 00:14:30,190 --> 00:14:32,210 So a couple of folks didn't raise their hands. 296 00:14:32,210 --> 00:14:36,970 So the idea is that the plane flies 297 00:14:36,970 --> 00:14:39,580 in a parabolic trajectory. 298 00:14:39,580 --> 00:14:42,910 And much like a roller coaster, when 299 00:14:42,910 --> 00:14:44,980 you're at the top of the parabola, 300 00:14:44,980 --> 00:14:46,360 or the top of the roller coaster, 301 00:14:46,360 --> 00:14:49,103 you know how your stomach feels like it's lifting? 302 00:14:49,103 --> 00:14:50,770 All right, we're getting some head nods. 303 00:14:50,770 --> 00:14:54,200 The rest of you guys really need to go on a roller coaster. 304 00:14:54,200 --> 00:14:56,200 So when you get that, you can actually, 305 00:14:56,200 --> 00:14:57,700 when an airplane flies like that, 306 00:14:57,700 --> 00:15:00,910 you can have everyone inside the airplane float up 307 00:15:00,910 --> 00:15:04,510 and have that sensation of zero gravity, or microgravity. 308 00:15:04,510 --> 00:15:06,910 It lasts about 30 seconds, and that's also 309 00:15:06,910 --> 00:15:09,910 how they filmed certain movies, like Apollo 13, 310 00:15:09,910 --> 00:15:11,870 to show the astronauts in weightlessness. 311 00:15:11,870 --> 00:15:13,810 So we use that to test our satellite. 312 00:15:13,810 --> 00:15:15,310 So it was a really great experience. 313 00:15:15,310 --> 00:15:16,893 It got me really excited about things, 314 00:15:16,893 --> 00:15:18,580 and then I felt very similar to you, 315 00:15:18,580 --> 00:15:21,290 that I wanted to see the theory in action, 316 00:15:21,290 --> 00:15:24,670 and so I became a pilot. 317 00:15:24,670 --> 00:15:26,680 In terms of my professional career, 318 00:15:26,680 --> 00:15:28,830 I developed electronic warfare systems. 319 00:15:28,830 --> 00:15:30,320 I went on to Raytheon. 320 00:15:30,320 --> 00:15:32,470 I was the chief engineer of a $40 million 321 00:15:32,470 --> 00:15:36,370 advanced radar and electronic warfare system. 322 00:15:36,370 --> 00:15:39,190 Now, I'm into entrepreneurship and have my own company 323 00:15:39,190 --> 00:15:40,870 in the security space. 324 00:15:40,870 --> 00:15:42,790 And I've been a pilot since 2012, 325 00:15:42,790 --> 00:15:45,370 and I love flying with the MIT Flying Club. 326 00:15:45,370 --> 00:15:48,640 And I'm currently working on my IFR. 327 00:15:48,640 --> 00:15:50,930 Who knows what an IFR stands for? 328 00:15:50,930 --> 00:15:52,202 Shout it out. 329 00:15:52,202 --> 00:15:53,273 [INTERPOSING VOICES] 330 00:15:53,273 --> 00:15:54,190 PROFESSOR 2: Good job. 331 00:15:54,190 --> 00:15:55,328 Instrument flight ratings. 332 00:15:55,328 --> 00:15:56,620 If you don't know, that's fine. 333 00:15:56,620 --> 00:15:58,160 We're going to cover that. 334 00:15:58,160 --> 00:16:00,940 So we'll explain it all, but right now, I 335 00:16:00,940 --> 00:16:04,180 fly a, pretty much usually, the training aircraft, the Cessna 336 00:16:04,180 --> 00:16:05,000 172. 337 00:16:05,000 --> 00:16:07,450 It's a very, very safe and stable aircraft. 338 00:16:07,450 --> 00:16:10,152 So we'll talk about a bunch of different aircraft. 339 00:16:10,152 --> 00:16:11,110 PROFESSOR 1: All right. 340 00:16:11,110 --> 00:16:15,310 So let's hope that you've done the pre-reading. 341 00:16:15,310 --> 00:16:19,750 If you hadn't, I know everybody here in this room, at least 342 00:16:19,750 --> 00:16:22,630 the MIT and Harvard folks, are good at the book stuff. 343 00:16:22,630 --> 00:16:25,090 So please do hit the books. 344 00:16:25,090 --> 00:16:28,480 Some of the thornier and less interesting topics 345 00:16:28,480 --> 00:16:31,900 we're going to rely on you to read through the book. 346 00:16:31,900 --> 00:16:34,310 So don't worry if you get everything in the class. 347 00:16:34,310 --> 00:16:37,240 We're giving you the highlights that are in the books, 348 00:16:37,240 --> 00:16:39,820 and passing is 70 on the test. 349 00:16:39,820 --> 00:16:40,760 All right. 350 00:16:40,760 --> 00:16:44,500 Optional supplies, just for your reference, 351 00:16:44,500 --> 00:16:48,430 if you study a typical flight student, a lot of them 352 00:16:48,430 --> 00:16:51,370 will have a non-FAA textbook. 353 00:16:51,370 --> 00:16:52,840 It's not necessary, but some people 354 00:16:52,840 --> 00:16:54,348 like the different perspective. 355 00:16:54,348 --> 00:16:56,140 There's a free online one that we reference 356 00:16:56,140 --> 00:16:59,020 later that is written by a PhD physicist which 357 00:16:59,020 --> 00:17:01,995 is kind of interesting. 358 00:17:01,995 --> 00:17:03,370 A lot of people have in hard copy 359 00:17:03,370 --> 00:17:06,130 a big, thick book called FAR/AIM with the regulations 360 00:17:06,130 --> 00:17:12,460 and the FAA's overall guidance on how to use airports 361 00:17:12,460 --> 00:17:15,369 and electronic navigation. 362 00:17:15,369 --> 00:17:19,329 There are test preparation books that you can get 363 00:17:19,329 --> 00:17:20,890 and electronic versions of this that 364 00:17:20,890 --> 00:17:22,030 just give you sample tests. 365 00:17:22,030 --> 00:17:27,520 You're going to use one of the websites from the King Schools. 366 00:17:27,520 --> 00:17:29,980 It's a popular vendor for those. 367 00:17:29,980 --> 00:17:31,870 And then before your check ride, you'll 368 00:17:31,870 --> 00:17:34,570 be reading the Airman Certification Standards. 369 00:17:34,570 --> 00:17:37,280 FAA still use this sexist language. 370 00:17:37,280 --> 00:17:41,230 There's airman and airmen for all pilots, 371 00:17:41,230 --> 00:17:45,370 and this is tells you what you need to demonstrate when you're 372 00:17:45,370 --> 00:17:47,200 getting your final check. 373 00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:51,300 Most people will also buy their own personal headset. 374 00:17:51,300 --> 00:17:54,480 The noise-canceling ones make life a lot better. 375 00:17:54,480 --> 00:17:57,310 Lightspeed is probably a little more rugged than Bose. 376 00:17:57,310 --> 00:17:59,950 Bose is more comfortable on the ears. 377 00:17:59,950 --> 00:18:01,780 The front desk of a typical flight school 378 00:18:01,780 --> 00:18:04,360 will have all of this stuff for sale. 379 00:18:04,360 --> 00:18:06,220 The process, a lot of people wonder, well, 380 00:18:06,220 --> 00:18:09,540 how do I get my private pilot's license. 381 00:18:09,540 --> 00:18:11,640 You need the flight training. 382 00:18:11,640 --> 00:18:15,100 You apply for student pilot certificate on an FAA website. 383 00:18:15,100 --> 00:18:17,100 I don't know if that's still running completely. 384 00:18:17,100 --> 00:18:19,392 I just renewed the registration for an aircraft, 385 00:18:19,392 --> 00:18:20,850 so that part of the FAA is running. 386 00:18:20,850 --> 00:18:24,480 I don't know if they're sending out Student Pilot Certificates 387 00:18:24,480 --> 00:18:27,240 during the shutdown or not. 388 00:18:27,240 --> 00:18:30,180 You have to do one medical exam in your life 389 00:18:30,180 --> 00:18:38,370 at least with an aviation doctor who's been blessed by the FAA, 390 00:18:38,370 --> 00:18:40,980 and you get your third class medical. 391 00:18:40,980 --> 00:18:42,750 After, eventually, you'll be able just 392 00:18:42,750 --> 00:18:46,470 to go to your regular doctor, if you want. 393 00:18:46,470 --> 00:18:48,150 Then, you take this knowledge test, 394 00:18:48,150 --> 00:18:52,960 and that's what you're being prepped for in this class. 395 00:18:52,960 --> 00:18:54,840 And finally, you'll do your practical exam 396 00:18:54,840 --> 00:18:56,795 with an FAA-designated examiner, one of whom 397 00:18:56,795 --> 00:18:58,170 should actually be here tomorrow. 398 00:18:58,170 --> 00:19:00,660 So you can ask him how he tortures 399 00:19:00,660 --> 00:19:03,390 people on the check ride. 400 00:19:03,390 --> 00:19:05,790 Actually, I had to take one-- you 401 00:19:05,790 --> 00:19:08,490 have to do a lot of these steps over again, when you do a type 402 00:19:08,490 --> 00:19:10,050 rating for a new aircraft. 403 00:19:10,050 --> 00:19:12,810 So when I worked at the airline, the oral, 404 00:19:12,810 --> 00:19:15,140 there is a guy who is famously harsh. 405 00:19:15,140 --> 00:19:17,760 And he would keep people who were trying 406 00:19:17,760 --> 00:19:21,570 to fly the Canadair Regional Jet in knots for hours 407 00:19:21,570 --> 00:19:24,162 and have them sweating during the oral exam. 408 00:19:24,162 --> 00:19:25,620 And the first question he asked me, 409 00:19:25,620 --> 00:19:28,980 the airplane has these hydraulic pumps. 410 00:19:28,980 --> 00:19:32,050 They're AC motors, and it has the engines generating the AC 411 00:19:32,050 --> 00:19:32,550 power. 412 00:19:32,550 --> 00:19:35,160 But a lot of stuff runs on DC, and I'd really 413 00:19:35,160 --> 00:19:37,780 wondered about the electrical systems of the airplane. 414 00:19:37,780 --> 00:19:39,113 So I called up a friend of mine. 415 00:19:39,113 --> 00:19:41,190 It's a physics professor at UC Berkeley, 416 00:19:41,190 --> 00:19:44,370 and we had a one-hour discussion about when it made sense 417 00:19:44,370 --> 00:19:46,650 to generate AC and pipe that around 418 00:19:46,650 --> 00:19:50,070 the airplane and high voltage versus low voltage and DC. 419 00:19:50,070 --> 00:19:53,310 And so I hung up and said goodbye to my friend, Joel. 420 00:19:53,310 --> 00:19:56,280 And then a few weeks later, there was the oral exam, 421 00:19:56,280 --> 00:19:57,990 and the first question the guy asked 422 00:19:57,990 --> 00:20:00,860 me was-- and I'd put on my resume 423 00:20:00,860 --> 00:20:02,360 that I just had a bachelor's degree. 424 00:20:02,360 --> 00:20:04,520 I didn't list any of my other degrees. 425 00:20:04,520 --> 00:20:07,020 I have a PhD in AAS, it happens. 426 00:20:07,020 --> 00:20:12,360 So this guy who is the bane of all the pilots at this Delta 427 00:20:12,360 --> 00:20:17,250 subsidiary, he said, Philip, why does the airplane 428 00:20:17,250 --> 00:20:20,273 have both an AC and a DC system? 429 00:20:20,273 --> 00:20:21,690 So I gave him a little five minute 430 00:20:21,690 --> 00:20:24,810 spiel based on my conversation with my physics professor 431 00:20:24,810 --> 00:20:25,470 friend. 432 00:20:25,470 --> 00:20:28,420 He said, OK the oral is over. 433 00:20:28,420 --> 00:20:30,795 It's time to go into the simulator. 434 00:20:30,795 --> 00:20:33,060 Didn't ask me a single other question. 435 00:20:33,060 --> 00:20:33,570 All right. 436 00:20:33,570 --> 00:20:36,666 So let's do the part that we should have done earlier. 437 00:20:36,666 --> 00:20:38,840 Now, at least, I know how to put on the mic. 438 00:20:41,760 --> 00:20:44,790 So it's conventional in religious settings 439 00:20:44,790 --> 00:20:48,060 to bring in a reformed sinner, and that's 440 00:20:48,060 --> 00:20:53,370 what we have here, somebody who's found faith 441 00:20:53,370 --> 00:20:55,595 and is now living with faith. 442 00:20:55,595 --> 00:20:57,720 GUEST SPEAKER: Thank you so much, Phillip and Tina, 443 00:20:57,720 --> 00:20:58,960 for having me here. 444 00:20:58,960 --> 00:20:59,910 I'm Minakshe. 445 00:20:59,910 --> 00:21:02,520 I'm a fourth year PhD student at Harvard. 446 00:21:02,520 --> 00:21:05,010 I do neuroscience, and when I'm not 447 00:21:05,010 --> 00:21:08,430 trying to understand how the brain works, 448 00:21:08,430 --> 00:21:10,980 I like to do most things adventurous. 449 00:21:10,980 --> 00:21:13,380 And I had really awesome friends who introduced me 450 00:21:13,380 --> 00:21:17,370 to the MIT Flying Club, so that was my first general aviation 451 00:21:17,370 --> 00:21:18,550 experience. 452 00:21:18,550 --> 00:21:22,320 I was a passenger on a fly-out to the Republic Airport. 453 00:21:22,320 --> 00:21:24,330 It's in Long Island. 454 00:21:24,330 --> 00:21:28,440 It's really nice, because most of the times, if we get 455 00:21:28,440 --> 00:21:30,980 cleared, you get to fly over the Hudson, 456 00:21:30,980 --> 00:21:33,840 and you get this really nice view of the New York skyline. 457 00:21:37,920 --> 00:21:41,640 So the other photo is actually Phillip and his sitter. 458 00:21:41,640 --> 00:21:43,570 So we're super lucky to be on another fly-out 459 00:21:43,570 --> 00:21:48,020 out as a passenger, and I got to fly in his Cirrus. 460 00:21:48,020 --> 00:21:51,390 So this is to Chatham, another really beautiful airport 461 00:21:51,390 --> 00:21:53,070 in the Cape Cod. 462 00:21:53,070 --> 00:21:55,440 So all of that inspired me to become a pilot, 463 00:21:55,440 --> 00:21:59,910 but what really enabled me was precisely this course. 464 00:21:59,910 --> 00:22:02,100 So I am doing my PhD in neuroscience. 465 00:22:02,100 --> 00:22:04,290 My aviation knowledge was literally 466 00:22:04,290 --> 00:22:06,012 like [INAUDIBLE] it was like, OK, there 467 00:22:06,012 --> 00:22:08,220 are all these little buttons and dials, probably just 468 00:22:08,220 --> 00:22:11,010 have to check all those things and just like magic the planes 469 00:22:11,010 --> 00:22:11,970 are flying. 470 00:22:11,970 --> 00:22:16,200 So this course was what really laid the foundation 471 00:22:16,200 --> 00:22:19,560 for the aviation experience in the rest of my life. 472 00:22:19,560 --> 00:22:22,562 And Tina was one of our instructors, 473 00:22:22,562 --> 00:22:23,520 when I took the course. 474 00:22:23,520 --> 00:22:24,978 It was a slightly different format. 475 00:22:24,978 --> 00:22:27,900 It was over the entire semester, once a week, 476 00:22:27,900 --> 00:22:30,203 but I really enjoyed it. 477 00:22:30,203 --> 00:22:31,620 So at the end of it, I felt really 478 00:22:31,620 --> 00:22:34,860 ready to take the practical flying lesson. 479 00:22:34,860 --> 00:22:39,600 So I was a student pilot at East Coast Aero Club, Bedford. 480 00:22:39,600 --> 00:22:43,200 So my two years of grad school stipend that I saved 481 00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:48,630 was like put to really good use and the picture on the left 482 00:22:48,630 --> 00:22:50,460 is my first solo. 483 00:22:50,460 --> 00:22:55,050 So that's me doing the traffic pattern at Bedford. 484 00:22:55,050 --> 00:22:58,740 So I didn't have any like fancy electronic flight back then. 485 00:22:58,740 --> 00:22:59,870 It was just all paper maps. 486 00:22:59,870 --> 00:23:01,890 So that was just the GPS on my phone 487 00:23:01,890 --> 00:23:05,350 tracking me doing the traffic pattern Bedford, and like you 488 00:23:05,350 --> 00:23:07,700 can see how happy I was with all my solos, 489 00:23:07,700 --> 00:23:09,790 the smileys on my logbook. 490 00:23:09,790 --> 00:23:15,460 So then, think end of September, got my private pilot's license. 491 00:23:15,460 --> 00:23:19,120 So I flew the Warrior, so yeah. 492 00:23:19,120 --> 00:23:24,940 So that's me right after passing the check ride in the Warrior. 493 00:23:24,940 --> 00:23:30,100 So after PPL, I wanted to take spin training 494 00:23:30,100 --> 00:23:33,370 and did a little bit of aerobatics in the decathlon 495 00:23:33,370 --> 00:23:34,650 at East Coast. 496 00:23:34,650 --> 00:23:37,300 So decathlon is a tail-wheel aerobatic aircraft, 497 00:23:37,300 --> 00:23:40,270 and when you do your PPL, they're 498 00:23:40,270 --> 00:23:42,535 always going to tell you like you will do stalls, 499 00:23:42,535 --> 00:23:44,410 and they're always going to tell you like OK, 500 00:23:44,410 --> 00:23:46,130 and we don't want to spin. 501 00:23:46,130 --> 00:23:48,370 I was like, OK, I want it feel heart is going. 502 00:23:48,370 --> 00:23:48,870 Yeah? 503 00:23:48,870 --> 00:23:51,010 PROFESSOR 2: Maybe share what PPL stands for. 504 00:23:51,010 --> 00:23:51,760 GUEST SPEAKER: Oh, sorry. 505 00:23:51,760 --> 00:23:52,260 Yeah. 506 00:23:52,260 --> 00:23:55,415 PPL is Private Pilot's License which is what all of us 507 00:23:55,415 --> 00:23:56,660 are here for. 508 00:23:56,660 --> 00:24:03,310 So yeah, so after a little bit of aerobatics and spin 509 00:24:03,310 --> 00:24:05,470 training, so my recent flying experience 510 00:24:05,470 --> 00:24:10,180 is being a lot with the MIT flying club now as a pilot. 511 00:24:10,180 --> 00:24:12,290 So I did the same-- 512 00:24:12,290 --> 00:24:15,160 the first time I was ever on the light aircraft 513 00:24:15,160 --> 00:24:17,920 was this fly-out with the MIT Flying Club 514 00:24:17,920 --> 00:24:19,630 to Republic Airport. 515 00:24:19,630 --> 00:24:22,240 And very recently, I did that as a pilot, 516 00:24:22,240 --> 00:24:25,180 getting passengers with the Flying Club. 517 00:24:25,180 --> 00:24:26,520 So that felt really nice. 518 00:24:26,520 --> 00:24:30,510 So you can see, like I'm over the Hudson, 519 00:24:30,510 --> 00:24:33,130 2,00 feels southbound, towards the Republic, 520 00:24:33,130 --> 00:24:37,960 and you get this really awesome view of the New York skyline, 521 00:24:37,960 --> 00:24:39,220 and yeah. 522 00:24:39,220 --> 00:24:40,780 It's really beautiful. 523 00:24:40,780 --> 00:24:43,090 You get to talk to like Laguardia, New York, 524 00:24:43,090 --> 00:24:45,250 and I spoke to Kennedy tower. 525 00:24:45,250 --> 00:24:47,890 That was like literally a dream come true for me. 526 00:24:47,890 --> 00:24:50,770 So I would relive this moment like any number of times. 527 00:24:50,770 --> 00:24:55,130 I'm 500 feet above the ground level, and like you can see, 528 00:24:55,130 --> 00:24:59,200 the tiny shadow of my aircraft and like talking to JFK. 529 00:24:59,200 --> 00:25:03,460 And in 500 feet, because there are all these commercial jets 530 00:25:03,460 --> 00:25:06,460 descending to land at JFK, so it's 531 00:25:06,460 --> 00:25:08,530 a totally beautiful feeling. 532 00:25:08,530 --> 00:25:10,270 So I've also been flying with my friends, 533 00:25:10,270 --> 00:25:12,310 and like this is the Winnipesaukee lake 534 00:25:12,310 --> 00:25:17,230 near Laconia, New Hampshire, and yeah, for the Harvard folks-- 535 00:25:17,230 --> 00:25:18,520 I think it's just one person-- 536 00:25:18,520 --> 00:25:20,520 you can probably recognize like Sanders Theatre. 537 00:25:20,520 --> 00:25:22,090 So this is a city tour. 538 00:25:22,090 --> 00:25:27,360 So you get cleared into the Boston class Broadway airspace. 539 00:25:27,360 --> 00:25:27,860 Yeah. 540 00:25:27,860 --> 00:25:29,610 This is one of my friends who took a photo 541 00:25:29,610 --> 00:25:32,323 of like the Harvard campus. 542 00:25:32,323 --> 00:25:34,240 You can see Sanders Theatre at Memorial Church 543 00:25:34,240 --> 00:25:36,040 and just the fog setting in. 544 00:25:36,040 --> 00:25:38,160 So my mom visited me from India. 545 00:25:38,160 --> 00:25:38,920 I took her flying. 546 00:25:38,920 --> 00:25:40,885 So that was a very beautiful feeling 547 00:25:40,885 --> 00:25:42,510 like to show her what this means to me. 548 00:25:42,510 --> 00:25:44,635 Although, she was totally terrified the whole time. 549 00:25:46,760 --> 00:25:47,260 Yeah. 550 00:25:47,260 --> 00:25:49,610 So I guess, obviously, I love it. 551 00:25:49,610 --> 00:25:52,000 It's really fun the beautiful view is experience 552 00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:54,610 and like the super adrenaline excitement 553 00:25:54,610 --> 00:25:56,220 every time I have the plane. 554 00:25:56,220 --> 00:25:58,510 And it is challenging, and it's really 555 00:25:58,510 --> 00:26:00,160 something like new rewarding to learn 556 00:26:00,160 --> 00:26:02,830 from every single experience, every single flight 557 00:26:02,830 --> 00:26:05,022 and, of course, the people. 558 00:26:05,022 --> 00:26:05,660 So yeah. 559 00:26:05,660 --> 00:26:09,310 Thank you, and just sharing my experience 560 00:26:09,310 --> 00:26:12,620 from like having no aero-astro background to being here, 561 00:26:12,620 --> 00:26:15,520 I hope it inspires some of you. 562 00:26:15,520 --> 00:26:16,754 Thanks. 563 00:26:16,754 --> 00:26:20,058 [APPLAUSE] 564 00:26:23,262 --> 00:26:24,970 PROFESSOR 2: Thank you so much, Minakshe, 565 00:26:24,970 --> 00:26:27,670 for coming back and sharing your experience. 566 00:26:27,670 --> 00:26:32,160 So that could be you guys next year. 567 00:26:32,160 --> 00:26:35,250 So a little bit about the FAA written exam. 568 00:26:35,250 --> 00:26:37,580 So as we said, sometimes it's called the written. 569 00:26:37,580 --> 00:26:40,700 That is the knowledge-based exam. 570 00:26:40,700 --> 00:26:43,010 So that is what, ideally, you'll be prepared 571 00:26:43,010 --> 00:26:45,500 to pass with flying colors. 572 00:26:45,500 --> 00:26:49,130 So it's a computer-based multiple choice exam. 573 00:26:49,130 --> 00:26:51,380 They usually give you about 2 1/2 hours, 574 00:26:51,380 --> 00:26:53,960 and you don't necessarily need the whole time. 575 00:26:53,960 --> 00:26:57,650 There are 60 questions, and they basically 576 00:26:57,650 --> 00:26:59,430 shuffle those questions. 577 00:26:59,430 --> 00:27:02,270 So we're going to be teaching content somewhat 578 00:27:02,270 --> 00:27:05,957 that goes beyond this exam, because this is an MIT course. 579 00:27:05,957 --> 00:27:07,790 So we're actually in teach a little bit more 580 00:27:07,790 --> 00:27:11,450 about the aerodynamics and how really planes fly and go 581 00:27:11,450 --> 00:27:13,750 a little bit beyond just the course, 582 00:27:13,750 --> 00:27:15,920 but we will cover all of this material. 583 00:27:15,920 --> 00:27:21,590 And then, so as Phillip already said, to pass you need as a 70, 584 00:27:21,590 --> 00:27:25,440 but we believe that you can score higher than that. 585 00:27:25,440 --> 00:27:30,560 So we really encourage you to take this exam right 586 00:27:30,560 --> 00:27:33,830 after the course. 587 00:27:33,830 --> 00:27:36,290 Phillip can actually endorse your log book, 588 00:27:36,290 --> 00:27:38,810 or you can actually print out a log book 589 00:27:38,810 --> 00:27:41,340 and endorse you to take that written exam. 590 00:27:41,340 --> 00:27:44,420 So just following the course, the final exam of this course, 591 00:27:44,420 --> 00:27:47,667 will be a practice a exam, and so you can take that. 592 00:27:47,667 --> 00:27:49,250 You can actually take it as many times 593 00:27:49,250 --> 00:27:51,250 as you want in order to pass, but hopefully, you 594 00:27:51,250 --> 00:27:54,060 don't have to take it too many times. 595 00:27:54,060 --> 00:27:55,580 And after that, we'll endorse you 596 00:27:55,580 --> 00:27:59,060 so that you can actually go take the actual FAA written exam 597 00:27:59,060 --> 00:28:00,540 and get that out of the way. 598 00:28:00,540 --> 00:28:02,570 So you can be on your way to becoming a pilot. 599 00:28:04,983 --> 00:28:05,650 PROFESSOR 1: OK. 600 00:28:05,650 --> 00:28:08,227 So most East Coast Aero Club-- 601 00:28:08,227 --> 00:28:10,060 I'm an instructor there-- most of the people 602 00:28:10,060 --> 00:28:12,850 that I've seen will skim through at least the FAA 603 00:28:12,850 --> 00:28:15,940 books about three times before they take the test. 604 00:28:15,940 --> 00:28:20,140 They will use a test prep book, and they end up 605 00:28:20,140 --> 00:28:22,570 getting a 98 or 100 on the exam. 606 00:28:22,570 --> 00:28:25,090 So they do a little bit-- 607 00:28:25,090 --> 00:28:28,090 they go a little bit overboard if the goal is just to pass. 608 00:28:28,090 --> 00:28:30,670 Again, if you have the physics question, 609 00:28:30,670 --> 00:28:33,190 a physics-type question, we do recommend 610 00:28:33,190 --> 00:28:36,730 this free online textbook from this physics PhD. 611 00:28:36,730 --> 00:28:38,500 These presentations, of course, are all 612 00:28:38,500 --> 00:28:40,300 available from the course homepage. 613 00:28:40,300 --> 00:28:43,840 You can download them and follow all the links. 614 00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:47,470 As Tina mentioned, I can endorse you. 615 00:28:47,470 --> 00:28:50,260 Any aero-astro majors who complain that it's too hard, 616 00:28:50,260 --> 00:28:53,005 remember that everything that you're reading from the FAA 617 00:28:53,005 --> 00:28:55,920 is designed for somebody who's still in high school. 618 00:28:58,990 --> 00:28:59,710 Tina. 619 00:28:59,710 --> 00:29:01,820 PROFESSOR 2: So this is just a sample question. 620 00:29:01,820 --> 00:29:03,700 They give you a flavor. 621 00:29:03,700 --> 00:29:05,770 Obviously, we haven't touched the material yet, 622 00:29:05,770 --> 00:29:08,187 but why don't we just take a minute to read this, and then 623 00:29:08,187 --> 00:29:11,915 see if you guys can have a good guesstimate as to the answer? 624 00:29:11,915 --> 00:29:13,540 So I thought this would be appropriate, 625 00:29:13,540 --> 00:29:15,220 given the weather conditions. 626 00:29:15,220 --> 00:29:18,280 You guys had to trudge through a lot of snow and slush 627 00:29:18,280 --> 00:29:19,610 to get here today. 628 00:29:19,610 --> 00:29:21,640 So here's a question about frost. 629 00:29:21,640 --> 00:29:25,015 Why is frost considered hazardous to flight? 630 00:29:41,400 --> 00:29:41,900 OK. 631 00:29:41,900 --> 00:29:42,890 Who thinks it's A? 632 00:29:46,280 --> 00:29:48,820 Who thinks it's B? 633 00:29:48,820 --> 00:29:49,450 All right. 634 00:29:49,450 --> 00:29:51,080 Who thinks it's C. 635 00:29:51,080 --> 00:29:53,600 All right, good job, guys. 636 00:29:53,600 --> 00:29:56,660 Just generally, icing, bad for a plane. 637 00:29:56,660 --> 00:29:59,900 So anything that's really increasing lift or increasing 638 00:29:59,900 --> 00:30:01,370 control effectiveness, that's not 639 00:30:01,370 --> 00:30:03,740 what you're getting when you have frost. 640 00:30:03,740 --> 00:30:05,060 It's a bad thing. 641 00:30:05,060 --> 00:30:07,572 So we'll discuss this in more detail. 642 00:30:07,572 --> 00:30:08,530 PROFESSOR 1: All right. 643 00:30:08,530 --> 00:30:14,170 Here's the schedule for the next couple days. 644 00:30:14,170 --> 00:30:18,700 We'll just talk about the parts that are fun. 645 00:30:18,700 --> 00:30:23,710 This afternoon, we're going to be visited by an F-22 pilot. 646 00:30:23,710 --> 00:30:26,540 That's a little better than a Cessna, Piper, 647 00:30:26,540 --> 00:30:29,440 or Cirrus in terms of performance, 648 00:30:29,440 --> 00:30:33,240 if not in terms of cost-effectiveness. 649 00:30:33,240 --> 00:30:36,220 Lunchtime, there's going to be pizza 650 00:30:36,220 --> 00:30:39,370 and a slideshow about Oshkosh, the big aviation 651 00:30:39,370 --> 00:30:43,750 gathering that happens in Wisconsin every year. 652 00:30:43,750 --> 00:30:47,980 Tomorrow, you're going to hear from a designated pilot 653 00:30:47,980 --> 00:30:50,710 examiner, Marc Nathanson, who's also 654 00:30:50,710 --> 00:30:57,880 an acrobatics instructor and a US Air Force F4 fighter pilot 655 00:30:57,880 --> 00:30:58,870 veteran. 656 00:30:58,870 --> 00:31:02,110 Day three, Michael Holdsworth who's going to come in. 657 00:31:02,110 --> 00:31:07,010 He's a local drone pilot for Hollywood. 658 00:31:07,010 --> 00:31:10,840 So he'll tell you about using the commercial drone license 659 00:31:10,840 --> 00:31:14,080 to do something interesting. 660 00:31:14,080 --> 00:31:17,680 At lunch on day three, on Thursday, you're 661 00:31:17,680 --> 00:31:21,132 going to hear from a veteran. 662 00:31:21,132 --> 00:31:22,840 Actually, no, he's an active duty officer 663 00:31:22,840 --> 00:31:25,510 in the Brazilian Air Force who's here at MIT, 664 00:31:25,510 --> 00:31:30,100 and he's going to tell you about being a test pilot. 665 00:31:30,100 --> 00:31:33,610 And then at the end of the class, 666 00:31:33,610 --> 00:31:38,080 we've tacked on the founder of ForeFlight 667 00:31:38,080 --> 00:31:40,900 which is one of the most successful aviation app 668 00:31:40,900 --> 00:31:41,440 companies. 669 00:31:41,440 --> 00:31:43,300 They're in a lot of airline cockpits 670 00:31:43,300 --> 00:31:46,063 now as a replacement for paper, and they 671 00:31:46,063 --> 00:31:47,230 do a lot of flight planning. 672 00:31:47,230 --> 00:31:50,320 And so he's going to bring himself 673 00:31:50,320 --> 00:31:52,990 to talk about any questions you might have about starting 674 00:31:52,990 --> 00:31:55,847 a company and being successful in business 675 00:31:55,847 --> 00:31:57,430 and also one of his engineering folks, 676 00:31:57,430 --> 00:32:00,160 I think, to talk about the engineering behind the app. 677 00:32:00,160 --> 00:32:02,140 That's going to be a little bit more informal. 678 00:32:02,140 --> 00:32:06,550 It's optional, but we think it'll be interesting. 679 00:32:06,550 --> 00:32:07,060 OK. 680 00:32:07,060 --> 00:32:11,230 So welcome again, and now you're part 681 00:32:11,230 --> 00:32:13,450 of the community of aviators, at least as 682 00:32:13,450 --> 00:32:19,000 soon as you go on your first MIT Flying Club fly-out. 683 00:32:19,000 --> 00:32:20,710 It is better to be on the ground wishing 684 00:32:20,710 --> 00:32:24,050 you were in the air than vice versa, 685 00:32:24,050 --> 00:32:25,630 but people have been wishing to be 686 00:32:25,630 --> 00:32:28,810 in the air for tens of thousands of years. 687 00:32:28,810 --> 00:32:32,080 And we think that-- 688 00:32:32,080 --> 00:32:34,930 well, we feel lucky to be some of the few 689 00:32:34,930 --> 00:32:38,770 who are able to control our own destiny through the air. 690 00:32:38,770 --> 00:32:41,590 So now, it's time for questions. 691 00:32:41,590 --> 00:32:44,380 While you're formulating your brilliant questions, 692 00:32:44,380 --> 00:32:49,620 enjoy these photos which I snapped at the Reno air races, 693 00:32:49,620 --> 00:32:52,470 where the Blue Angels obviously already visited. 694 00:32:52,470 --> 00:32:58,660 AUDIENCE: What's the [INAUDIBLE] on the airplane? 695 00:32:58,660 --> 00:33:00,840 [LAUGHTER] 696 00:33:00,840 --> 00:33:04,290 PROFESSOR 1: So what why do you have both AC power and DC 697 00:33:04,290 --> 00:33:07,110 power on a big jet? 698 00:33:07,110 --> 00:33:08,610 Big jets, the flight controls are 699 00:33:08,610 --> 00:33:11,550 too heavy to be operated by a human, 700 00:33:11,550 --> 00:33:12,920 so you need hydraulic power. 701 00:33:12,920 --> 00:33:15,973 Basically, there may still be steel cables going out 702 00:33:15,973 --> 00:33:17,640 to the flight controls, but they're just 703 00:33:17,640 --> 00:33:19,770 modulating hydraulic pressure. 704 00:33:19,770 --> 00:33:21,780 How do you generate hydraulic pressure? 705 00:33:21,780 --> 00:33:26,250 There's a big motor to pump the hydraulics, 706 00:33:26,250 --> 00:33:30,360 and it's easier to run a big motor with AC power 707 00:33:30,360 --> 00:33:35,130 compared to DC power, and the engines are also spinning. 708 00:33:35,130 --> 00:33:37,500 So if you just think about Maxwell's equations, 709 00:33:37,500 --> 00:33:41,820 it's simpler to run AC for that, and also, of course, you 710 00:33:41,820 --> 00:33:44,410 can have higher voltage and transform it down. 711 00:33:44,410 --> 00:33:48,340 And then for the electronics, DC power is what they want. 712 00:33:48,340 --> 00:33:52,850 So that's why the DC's in there, to run radios and so forth.