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OK, now though the
last thing that I'm

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going to tell you about
is why this matters.

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And just like the goody bags,
when I started teaching class

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three years ago, I
wanted to also protect

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a certain fundamental
part of each lecture.

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And I call it my why
this matters moment.

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Sometimes it goes on
for more than a moment.

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But I really, really
want every lecture

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to connect what we just
learned to a big picture.

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Most of the time,
it's some application

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or some global challenge.

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Right I want you to
see those connections,

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that what you're
learning is directly

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relevant to some big thing.

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So my why this matters
moment is really related

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to these discoveries themselves.

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Please give me till 11:55.

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I will always let you
go on time, 11:55.

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But please don't start
putting stuff away

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because it's distracting
to everybody.

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So two and a half minutes.

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We name the age we live in often
by the element, by the atom,

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by the material, by
the material that

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was most useful at the time.

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The Stone Age, the
Bronze Age, the Iron Age.

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I would say we've moved
through the industrial age,

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the age of plastics,
the age of silicon.

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As a material scientist
and engineer, I love this.

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I love that you name the age
you live in by the material that

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mattered.

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But I also love that we will
never do that again, ever.

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And the reason is that we live
in a truly unique age now,

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a different age, one in
which we can put atoms,

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we can realize Feynman's dream
and put atoms anywhere we want.

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The question is not,
can we make it as much

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any more as it is,
what should we make?

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We live in the age
of atomic design.

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And that is really important.

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And I mentioned the phone
and the 63 elements.

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You know, look, this
is called a revolution.

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This is called a revolution.

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You went in 50 years
from $1 per transistor,

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eight orders of
magnitude cheaper.

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In 2012, it became cheaper to
print a transistor on a chip

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than a character in a newspaper.

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That's a revolution
but that revolution,

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it started as a
processing revolution

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with one really important
element, silicon.

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And now it's a materials
revolution, with 63.

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It's a chemistry revolution.

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And the reason this matters so
much, what are these things,

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is because so many of
the problems that we face

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in this world today, so many
of the global challenges,

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will rely on new chemistry
and on new materials.

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Those are the bottlenecks.

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Those are the bottlenecks
in costs, in efficiency,

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in processing, in properties.

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And those are the
kinds of things

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that we're going to be talking
about all throughout the fall.

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And that is our
construction set.

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And we will build
this on Friday.

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So see you guys all on Friday.

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[INTERPOSING VOICES]