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Why does this matter?

2
00:00:17,316 --> 00:00:18,851
Because look-- you're going
to need the scale again.

3
00:00:18,851 --> 00:00:18,884
So please keep it.

4
00:00:18,884 --> 00:00:19,451
Here you go.

5
00:00:19,451 --> 00:00:21,720
Here's another chart
of ionic bonds.

6
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These are lattice energies.

7
00:00:23,956 --> 00:00:27,559
OK, these are lattice energies,
oh kilojoules per mole,

8
00:00:27,559 --> 00:00:28,827
it's just per mole of stuff.

9
00:00:28,827 --> 00:00:30,362
Right, don't get
confused by that.

10
00:00:30,362 --> 00:00:33,432
Joules, electron volts,
energies, per mole

11
00:00:33,432 --> 00:00:36,068
is per mole of atoms, right?

12
00:00:36,068 --> 00:00:39,939
OK, so we can isolate it down
to one bond or a mole of bonds.

13
00:00:39,939 --> 00:00:44,076
All right, 15,000 for aluminum.

14
00:00:44,076 --> 00:00:44,710
Look at that.

15
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That's why aluminum
is in your toothpaste.

16
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Aluminum oxide is
in your toothpaste.

17
00:00:49,081 --> 00:00:50,849
It's in your pans.

18
00:00:50,849 --> 00:00:52,451
It's in sandpaper.

19
00:00:52,451 --> 00:00:54,853
It is a very hard material.

20
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It is a very hard material.

21
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Why?

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Because of this.

23
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Literally.

24
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Those Q's are
really high, right?

25
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Why does this matter?

26
00:01:03,896 --> 00:01:07,199
Well, I'm going to give you
an example in hemodialysis.

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Hemodialysis is
something that people

28
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have to go into a hospital.

29
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People in their kidneys, don't
clean their blood efficiently

30
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or enough have to have
it cleaned by a machine,

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and 650,000 patients
suffer from this

32
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and go to a hospital
for literally four

33
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hours, three times a week.

34
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It devastates their
weekly schedule.

35
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And if you could
make this portable,

36
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you would change lives
in a really big way.

37
00:01:36,495 --> 00:01:37,763
One of the big--

38
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there are people out
there trying to do this.

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This is an example of a design
for a portable hemodialysis

40
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machine.

41
00:01:44,603 --> 00:01:48,407
One of the single biggest
drawbacks in making it portable

42
00:01:48,407 --> 00:01:51,477
is making a filter, because
you're filtering blood.

43
00:01:51,477 --> 00:01:53,878
You're filtering toxins
out of the blood.

44
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It's something that
the body can't do.

45
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So you need to do it for them.

46
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But the filters get
mucked up and gunked up,

47
00:02:01,553 --> 00:02:03,956
and they're not strong enough,
and they can't be cleaned.

48
00:02:03,956 --> 00:02:05,257
And look at this one.

49
00:02:05,257 --> 00:02:07,860
Here is a filter
made out of aluminum.

50
00:02:07,860 --> 00:02:11,463
All right, and these
things are what's needed.

51
00:02:11,463 --> 00:02:15,367
We need super strong,
super resilient new filters

52
00:02:15,367 --> 00:02:17,069
that can filter
things like blood

53
00:02:17,069 --> 00:02:18,670
and toxins out of the blood.

54
00:02:18,670 --> 00:02:21,073
So very, very tiny sizes
that we can make over

55
00:02:21,073 --> 00:02:23,142
large areas and uniformly.

56
00:02:23,142 --> 00:02:24,810
This is the kind of
starting material

57
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that we need to
make new filters,

58
00:02:26,879 --> 00:02:28,013
and it all comes back down.

59
00:02:28,013 --> 00:02:29,748
Why would that be
a good one if we

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00:02:29,748 --> 00:02:31,350
can overcome it's brittleness?

61
00:02:31,350 --> 00:02:33,218
Because of the Q's.

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Because of the atom sizes,
because of everything

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that we talked about today.