1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,984 [SQUEAKING] 2 00:00:01,984 --> 00:00:04,464 [RUSTLING] 3 00:00:04,464 --> 00:00:07,440 [CLICKING] 4 00:00:15,380 --> 00:00:20,510 PROFESSOR: Take a moment to look around you. 5 00:00:20,510 --> 00:00:24,170 Look at the person on your right. 6 00:00:24,170 --> 00:00:26,060 Now look at the person on your left. 7 00:00:28,980 --> 00:00:35,100 Turn around and look behind you and in front of you. 8 00:00:35,100 --> 00:00:38,220 If you have a question on mathematics, 9 00:00:38,220 --> 00:00:42,030 or you want to know something about the potential new 10 00:00:42,030 --> 00:00:45,720 elements in the cosmic dust of space, 11 00:00:45,720 --> 00:00:47,580 or perhaps you want to know something 12 00:00:47,580 --> 00:00:50,280 about the architecture of the most beautiful bridge 13 00:00:50,280 --> 00:00:54,780 in the world, the Millau Bridge in southwestern France, 14 00:00:54,780 --> 00:00:57,810 chances are there is a good possibility 15 00:00:57,810 --> 00:01:00,420 that someone in this class may be 16 00:01:00,420 --> 00:01:03,130 able to answer your question. 17 00:01:03,130 --> 00:01:08,310 There are 11 different majors in this small class. 18 00:01:08,310 --> 00:01:11,190 This presents a great opportunity for you 19 00:01:11,190 --> 00:01:18,190 to actually mingle with these majors and broaden your ideas. 20 00:01:18,190 --> 00:01:20,340 Welcome to 5.310. 21 00:01:20,340 --> 00:01:26,480 5.310 is a non-major sequence in the chemistry department. 22 00:01:26,480 --> 00:01:31,160 In chemistry, in MIT lingo actually, this 23 00:01:31,160 --> 00:01:36,230 is a 2-8-2 course. 24 00:01:36,230 --> 00:01:37,670 12 credits. 25 00:01:37,670 --> 00:01:44,120 In MIT policies, one credit unit is 26 00:01:44,120 --> 00:01:50,045 14 hours of work per semester. 27 00:01:54,130 --> 00:01:58,590 So if we look at this, we've actually 28 00:01:58,590 --> 00:02:06,990 got 28 hours of lecture, 112 hours of lab, 29 00:02:06,990 --> 00:02:15,815 and 28 hours of outside work for a total of 168 hours. 30 00:02:21,060 --> 00:02:26,640 But you really only have-- 31 00:02:26,640 --> 00:02:28,410 you're really only going to be in lecture 32 00:02:28,410 --> 00:02:30,720 for 17 of those hours. 33 00:02:33,740 --> 00:02:36,860 And there are five labs. 34 00:02:36,860 --> 00:02:38,870 Each lab is four days. 35 00:02:38,870 --> 00:02:43,400 That's 20 days times 4 hours is 80 hours. 36 00:02:43,400 --> 00:02:47,240 One of the labs is five days so that's 84 hours of lab. 37 00:02:50,930 --> 00:02:58,850 This outside work is on the low side so I'm going to fix it. 38 00:02:58,850 --> 00:03:00,260 I'm going to increase that to 50. 39 00:03:03,680 --> 00:03:06,380 Does that make you feel good? 40 00:03:06,380 --> 00:03:10,250 We're moving some hours around here. 41 00:03:10,250 --> 00:03:13,220 And there's one more thing. 42 00:03:13,220 --> 00:03:21,410 17 hours of lecture but three of the labs on day four 43 00:03:21,410 --> 00:03:24,140 you get out right after the quiz. 44 00:03:24,140 --> 00:03:26,040 You can finish the experiment in three days. 45 00:03:26,040 --> 00:03:26,540 I know. 46 00:03:26,540 --> 00:03:29,330 You're all excited about that, right? 47 00:03:29,330 --> 00:03:34,040 So we're really only talking 74 hours in lab here. 48 00:03:36,660 --> 00:03:38,450 So I'm going to increase this to 60. 49 00:03:41,780 --> 00:03:46,920 So we end up with 151 hours. 50 00:03:50,690 --> 00:03:57,830 If you subtract those, you have a surplus of 17 hours. 51 00:03:57,830 --> 00:04:01,880 So I just want you to see this so that you feel good about it 52 00:04:01,880 --> 00:04:03,230 and you know you're not-- 53 00:04:03,230 --> 00:04:05,300 if you look at this and do the calculation, 54 00:04:05,300 --> 00:04:09,410 you're going to be spending between 10 and 11 hours a week 55 00:04:09,410 --> 00:04:11,660 in this course. 56 00:04:11,660 --> 00:04:16,370 And on the long side, if you use these surplus hours, 57 00:04:16,370 --> 00:04:20,720 you'll be at the 12 credit units. 58 00:04:20,720 --> 00:04:23,850 Now take a look at this slide for a moment. 59 00:04:23,850 --> 00:04:28,880 If you look at the slide, you can see that 5.310 ties 60 00:04:28,880 --> 00:04:30,533 in to 5.35. 61 00:04:30,533 --> 00:04:36,680 5.35, six, seven, and eight are the URIECA modules, 62 00:04:36,680 --> 00:04:41,450 Undergraduate Research Inspired Experimental Chemistry 63 00:04:41,450 --> 00:04:43,820 Alternatives. 64 00:04:43,820 --> 00:04:45,360 I got it all out. 65 00:04:45,360 --> 00:04:45,860 OK. 66 00:04:45,860 --> 00:04:46,640 Good. 67 00:04:46,640 --> 00:04:49,880 So we've got 12 labs here. 68 00:04:49,880 --> 00:04:55,850 Each lab is approximately four units. 69 00:04:55,850 --> 00:05:01,310 And what happens is 5.310 ties into those labs. 70 00:05:01,310 --> 00:05:04,070 Those are the labs that the chem majors take. 71 00:05:04,070 --> 00:05:06,920 So what that means is if you're a freshman, 72 00:05:06,920 --> 00:05:09,770 if you're a sophomore or a junior, 73 00:05:09,770 --> 00:05:13,130 and you suddenly decide that you like chemistry and you want 74 00:05:13,130 --> 00:05:17,640 to change your major, or you want to double major, 75 00:05:17,640 --> 00:05:23,070 I'll give you full credit for 5.35 after taking 5.310. 76 00:05:23,070 --> 00:05:26,460 So you'll eliminate three of those modules 77 00:05:26,460 --> 00:05:29,572 from your program. 78 00:05:29,572 --> 00:05:30,280 It's a good deal. 79 00:05:34,390 --> 00:05:38,170 Now let's talk a little bit about the course. 80 00:05:38,170 --> 00:05:43,030 So is this course useful to my future? 81 00:05:43,030 --> 00:05:47,230 It is an introductory laboratory chemistry course. 82 00:05:47,230 --> 00:05:49,960 But you will learn basic skills that you'll 83 00:05:49,960 --> 00:05:52,960 be able to carry away with you for the rest of your tenure 84 00:05:52,960 --> 00:05:56,610 at MIT and beyond MIT. 85 00:05:56,610 --> 00:05:58,420 What you're going to learn in this course-- 86 00:05:58,420 --> 00:06:02,140 you'll learn about small scale synthesis. 87 00:06:02,140 --> 00:06:06,260 You'll learn about inert atmosphere techniques, 88 00:06:06,260 --> 00:06:10,540 thin layer chromatography and column chromatography. 89 00:06:10,540 --> 00:06:13,900 You'll do an atmospheric distillation and a vacuum 90 00:06:13,900 --> 00:06:16,750 distillation. 91 00:06:16,750 --> 00:06:20,140 You'll also operate a variety of instruments. 92 00:06:20,140 --> 00:06:22,960 And these are the most modern instruments 93 00:06:22,960 --> 00:06:27,160 that you're going to find in pharma companies, 94 00:06:27,160 --> 00:06:31,750 in chemical companies, and industry when you go out. 95 00:06:31,750 --> 00:06:36,580 You'll be operating things like polarimeters, refractometers, 96 00:06:36,580 --> 00:06:38,920 density meters. 97 00:06:38,920 --> 00:06:43,330 You'll operate a tabletop nuclear magnetic resonance 98 00:06:43,330 --> 00:06:48,040 spectrometer, 60 megahertz just for you. 99 00:06:48,040 --> 00:06:53,950 You'll operate a robotic GC, an IR spectrometer, 100 00:06:53,950 --> 00:06:59,260 UV spectrometer, and a mass spectrometer. 101 00:06:59,260 --> 00:07:03,190 You'll also get to put your samples in and watch 102 00:07:03,190 --> 00:07:07,270 an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer running. 103 00:07:07,270 --> 00:07:10,250 There's only two at MIT. 104 00:07:10,250 --> 00:07:14,060 And you also will go to the X-ray lab here at MIT. 105 00:07:14,060 --> 00:07:17,000 And you'll see the most modern X-ray diffraction 106 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:20,660 machine from Germany running some of your samples 107 00:07:20,660 --> 00:07:23,300 from the essential oils lab. 108 00:07:23,300 --> 00:07:27,890 In one part of the lab, you'll go on a field trip 109 00:07:27,890 --> 00:07:30,460 to the Charles River. 110 00:07:30,460 --> 00:07:32,500 Can take your lunch. 111 00:07:32,500 --> 00:07:34,840 You're going to bring back water samples. 112 00:07:34,840 --> 00:07:38,920 You'll be testing those water samples for dissolved oxygen 113 00:07:38,920 --> 00:07:41,440 and phosphate levels. 114 00:07:41,440 --> 00:07:43,990 Above all these things, you're going 115 00:07:43,990 --> 00:07:47,080 to learn organizational skills that you'll 116 00:07:47,080 --> 00:07:51,850 have with you for the rest of your career wherever you go. 117 00:07:54,950 --> 00:07:59,090 Can you give me any hot tips? 118 00:07:59,090 --> 00:08:01,190 Students always ask for a hot tip. 119 00:08:01,190 --> 00:08:06,200 And I can tell you one thing that actually works for me. 120 00:08:06,200 --> 00:08:13,250 And that is sometimes we all get frustrated and discouraged. 121 00:08:13,250 --> 00:08:17,540 And when that happens, I usually find a quiet place 122 00:08:17,540 --> 00:08:19,640 and I talk to my brain. 123 00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:22,460 And I tell my brain everything is OK. 124 00:08:22,460 --> 00:08:24,650 Everything is going to be fine. 125 00:08:24,650 --> 00:08:27,720 And time and time again, this works for me. 126 00:08:27,720 --> 00:08:30,530 I can get myself out of it. 127 00:08:30,530 --> 00:08:34,640 And if you read Oliver Sachs, in one of his books, 128 00:08:34,640 --> 00:08:40,120 he says that if you can imagine things, 129 00:08:40,120 --> 00:08:43,490 they actually can turn into reality. 130 00:08:43,490 --> 00:08:46,750 So are there any brain and cognitive science folks? 131 00:08:46,750 --> 00:08:47,500 Oh good. 132 00:08:47,500 --> 00:08:48,130 Look at this. 133 00:08:48,130 --> 00:08:49,660 I've got four of them. 134 00:08:49,660 --> 00:08:56,020 Can any of you offer any comments on how this helps me? 135 00:08:56,020 --> 00:08:57,220 Is there something there? 136 00:09:02,020 --> 00:09:02,520 Anyone? 137 00:09:05,870 --> 00:09:06,425 No takers. 138 00:09:10,870 --> 00:09:11,800 Anyone else? 139 00:09:16,250 --> 00:09:20,930 So I guess the thinking about, you 140 00:09:20,930 --> 00:09:24,860 must become happier and clear your thoughts out. 141 00:09:24,860 --> 00:09:27,740 And if you become happier and clear your thoughts, 142 00:09:27,740 --> 00:09:29,690 you become smarter too. 143 00:09:29,690 --> 00:09:31,670 Right? 144 00:09:31,670 --> 00:09:35,810 And I actually brought a brain that I 145 00:09:35,810 --> 00:09:39,620 keep in my refrigerator, a beautiful brain. 146 00:09:39,620 --> 00:09:43,760 And I'm just going to set it here so that you can admire it. 147 00:09:46,350 --> 00:09:47,960 So the brain is very important. 148 00:09:52,260 --> 00:09:57,140 Some of you in this course are very, very smart. 149 00:09:57,140 --> 00:09:58,640 You're all very smart because you 150 00:09:58,640 --> 00:10:01,460 got into MIT or at the top of your class. 151 00:10:01,460 --> 00:10:02,670 You're valedictorians. 152 00:10:06,380 --> 00:10:09,980 I recall several years ago I had a freshman 153 00:10:09,980 --> 00:10:12,510 advisee who came to me. 154 00:10:12,510 --> 00:10:16,740 And she actually tested out of every subject. 155 00:10:16,740 --> 00:10:19,020 She sat down and I could not find one 156 00:10:19,020 --> 00:10:22,290 subject to put this student in. 157 00:10:22,290 --> 00:10:24,520 So I was kind of beside myself. 158 00:10:24,520 --> 00:10:26,730 I went out of my office and I bumped 159 00:10:26,730 --> 00:10:28,470 into the head of the physics department 160 00:10:28,470 --> 00:10:32,043 walking down the hall and said, I've got this advisee 161 00:10:32,043 --> 00:10:33,210 and I don't know what to do. 162 00:10:33,210 --> 00:10:35,430 Did you ever have one like this? 163 00:10:35,430 --> 00:10:38,830 He said once every 10 years. 164 00:10:38,830 --> 00:10:41,790 So I went back and I put her into all the most advanced 165 00:10:41,790 --> 00:10:45,180 classes, some with graduate students. 166 00:10:45,180 --> 00:10:48,870 And then I ask her how she managed 167 00:10:48,870 --> 00:10:53,750 to do all this because she came from an island in the Pacific. 168 00:10:53,750 --> 00:10:58,950 And she said to me OCW, OpenCourseWare. 169 00:10:58,950 --> 00:11:02,670 I watched the lectures that MIT puts out 170 00:11:02,670 --> 00:11:05,580 and I learned it all myself. 171 00:11:05,580 --> 00:11:09,960 But there are geniuses sprinkled throughout MIT. 172 00:11:09,960 --> 00:11:13,110 And there are probably geniuses in this class. 173 00:11:13,110 --> 00:11:15,990 Should you still take 5.310? 174 00:11:15,990 --> 00:11:20,460 Yes, because geniuses need practical skills. 175 00:11:20,460 --> 00:11:27,540 And in 5.310 can help you to bind those basic skills 176 00:11:27,540 --> 00:11:32,240 and make your genius become reality. 177 00:11:32,240 --> 00:11:34,400 Now there are a couple other key things 178 00:11:34,400 --> 00:11:38,000 to help you succeed in this course. 179 00:11:38,000 --> 00:11:41,750 One, if you feel like you need help 180 00:11:41,750 --> 00:11:47,390 and you don't know what to do, you're lost, come to see us. 181 00:11:47,390 --> 00:11:50,680 And we'll get you back on track. 182 00:11:50,680 --> 00:11:52,920 The second thing, which is important, 183 00:11:52,920 --> 00:11:58,170 is you need to be able to accept your mistakes. 184 00:11:58,170 --> 00:12:02,190 If you make a mistake, don't start crying and say 185 00:12:02,190 --> 00:12:03,090 it's all over. 186 00:12:03,090 --> 00:12:05,780 I blew this lab. 187 00:12:05,780 --> 00:12:08,710 I just messed everything up. 188 00:12:08,710 --> 00:12:10,110 I'm done for here. 189 00:12:10,110 --> 00:12:11,880 I don't know what to do. 190 00:12:11,880 --> 00:12:14,890 Just accept the mistake and ask yourself, 191 00:12:14,890 --> 00:12:20,460 what can I get out of this mistake that I made. 192 00:12:20,460 --> 00:12:25,270 And when you do that, you really can help yourself 193 00:12:25,270 --> 00:12:27,560 for the long term. 194 00:12:27,560 --> 00:12:31,640 I mean it's not anything embarrassing if a student works 195 00:12:31,640 --> 00:12:34,340 for three days and then, by accident, 196 00:12:34,340 --> 00:12:36,290 they drop their product. 197 00:12:36,290 --> 00:12:37,800 It happens. 198 00:12:37,800 --> 00:12:39,110 So don't feel bad about it. 199 00:12:39,110 --> 00:12:42,540 Just come to us and we'll work something out. 200 00:12:42,540 --> 00:12:45,470 But don't get stressed out over it. 201 00:12:45,470 --> 00:12:47,300 The last thing that could really help you 202 00:12:47,300 --> 00:12:51,875 here is, in this class, it's all about lab reports. 203 00:12:54,500 --> 00:12:56,780 So you've got to write these four lab reports 204 00:12:56,780 --> 00:12:59,330 and give an oral report at the end. 205 00:12:59,330 --> 00:13:02,870 My advice to you is don't wait until the last day 206 00:13:02,870 --> 00:13:09,050 of the last weekend when these reports are due to actually try 207 00:13:09,050 --> 00:13:11,210 to write this report out. 208 00:13:11,210 --> 00:13:13,730 Start early. 209 00:13:13,730 --> 00:13:16,250 When you're in the lab, a four hour 210 00:13:16,250 --> 00:13:19,370 lab, and a lot of those labs you'll 211 00:13:19,370 --> 00:13:22,730 get done at four so you'll have an hour. 212 00:13:22,730 --> 00:13:26,360 We have beautiful write up areas in the new undergraduate 213 00:13:26,360 --> 00:13:27,290 chemistry lab. 214 00:13:27,290 --> 00:13:28,790 You can sit there. 215 00:13:28,790 --> 00:13:31,400 And that's the point where you can actually write out 216 00:13:31,400 --> 00:13:37,250 a paragraph about what you did that day, what you actually 217 00:13:37,250 --> 00:13:40,160 did, what you saw, and what you found. 218 00:13:40,160 --> 00:13:44,330 And that's your procedure and observations 219 00:13:44,330 --> 00:13:46,130 for your lab report. 220 00:13:46,130 --> 00:13:49,610 And while it's fresh in your mind, you do it. 221 00:13:49,610 --> 00:13:52,430 And the procedure and observations typically 222 00:13:52,430 --> 00:13:55,610 is about a page and a half, no more than two pages, 223 00:13:55,610 --> 00:13:57,230 of your lab report. 224 00:13:57,230 --> 00:14:01,300 You could also work on the background of the report 225 00:14:01,300 --> 00:14:04,425 because you're talking about why you're 226 00:14:04,425 --> 00:14:06,550 doing this experiment, what you're going to get out 227 00:14:06,550 --> 00:14:12,550 of it, something about the history of the experiment, what 228 00:14:12,550 --> 00:14:13,640 was done before. 229 00:14:13,640 --> 00:14:16,870 So you can work on these sections along the way 230 00:14:16,870 --> 00:14:21,130 rather than wait until the very end and do a marathon session, 231 00:14:21,130 --> 00:14:24,980 try to trying to get the lab report done. 232 00:14:24,980 --> 00:14:29,390 So with those things, I'd like to talk a little bit 233 00:14:29,390 --> 00:14:32,220 about the course. 234 00:14:32,220 --> 00:14:38,730 And I'm going to cover seven broad areas. 235 00:14:38,730 --> 00:14:44,660 One is academic integrity. 236 00:14:52,240 --> 00:15:01,230 The second thing is the lab policies 237 00:15:01,230 --> 00:15:04,470 and then, most importantly, grading, 238 00:15:04,470 --> 00:15:05,970 how this course will be graded. 239 00:15:12,410 --> 00:15:14,890 And then we'll look a little bit at safety, 240 00:15:14,890 --> 00:15:17,320 because you do have a safety lecture you're going to. 241 00:15:23,880 --> 00:15:27,720 And we'll look a little bit at the lab notebooks that 242 00:15:27,720 --> 00:15:28,935 are required for the course. 243 00:15:38,480 --> 00:15:41,240 And we'll talk a little bit about waste management. 244 00:15:52,690 --> 00:15:57,400 And finally, we'll spend a little bit 245 00:15:57,400 --> 00:16:04,780 of time talking about calibration of instruments. 246 00:16:12,780 --> 00:16:19,910 So let's start with academic honesty. 247 00:16:19,910 --> 00:16:25,420 MIT has one of the best integrity programs 248 00:16:25,420 --> 00:16:28,120 of any school that I know. 249 00:16:28,120 --> 00:16:30,520 They have a website devoted to it. 250 00:16:30,520 --> 00:16:34,930 They also have printed material that you can pick up 251 00:16:34,930 --> 00:16:37,460 and you can read through it. 252 00:16:37,460 --> 00:16:40,390 And I think probably to summarize it 253 00:16:40,390 --> 00:16:47,170 in just one sentence, you don't want to present as your work 254 00:16:47,170 --> 00:16:51,970 the efforts and product of another person. 255 00:16:51,970 --> 00:16:55,030 And the penalties can be quite severe. 256 00:16:55,030 --> 00:16:58,450 You could actually fail the assignment. 257 00:16:58,450 --> 00:17:01,280 Could fail the course. 258 00:17:01,280 --> 00:17:03,610 You could be suspended from the Institute. 259 00:17:03,610 --> 00:17:06,050 You could even forfeit your degree. 260 00:17:06,050 --> 00:17:08,319 So it's pretty serious business. 261 00:17:08,319 --> 00:17:18,880 In 5.310, I think there are two areas that you need to actually 262 00:17:18,880 --> 00:17:19,720 look at. 263 00:17:19,720 --> 00:17:23,930 One of them is there are a lot of lab reports out there. 264 00:17:23,930 --> 00:17:25,359 They're in the dorms. 265 00:17:25,359 --> 00:17:27,940 And they're in the sororities and fraternities. 266 00:17:27,940 --> 00:17:30,790 And they call them bibles. 267 00:17:30,790 --> 00:17:38,050 So you don't want to actually go out and take pieces out 268 00:17:38,050 --> 00:17:43,960 of those and put them in your own reports. 269 00:17:43,960 --> 00:17:48,430 The reason for that is it's not right to do that. 270 00:17:48,430 --> 00:17:50,680 And the second reason is we could 271 00:17:50,680 --> 00:17:56,500 have an electronic copy of one of those reports on file. 272 00:17:56,500 --> 00:17:58,750 That would not be good. 273 00:17:58,750 --> 00:18:02,770 The other thing is I guess the innocent thing is 274 00:18:02,770 --> 00:18:04,750 when students sit down together and they're 275 00:18:04,750 --> 00:18:05,920 talking about the lab. 276 00:18:05,920 --> 00:18:08,740 You might talk with your lab partner. 277 00:18:08,740 --> 00:18:12,550 You can talk and you're writing things down. 278 00:18:12,550 --> 00:18:14,890 But what you don't want to end up happening 279 00:18:14,890 --> 00:18:18,010 is you don't want to have the same sentences in both lab 280 00:18:18,010 --> 00:18:19,490 reports. 281 00:18:19,490 --> 00:18:22,180 So you've got to put things in your own words 282 00:18:22,180 --> 00:18:24,340 even when you talk with each other 283 00:18:24,340 --> 00:18:27,370 and you're writing your reports up. 284 00:18:27,370 --> 00:18:31,338 That's pretty much all I have to say about academic integrity. 285 00:18:35,010 --> 00:18:39,680 S the undergraduate lab policies-- 286 00:18:39,680 --> 00:18:43,580 you're actually picking to work on either Monday/Wednesday 287 00:18:43,580 --> 00:18:45,970 or Tuesday/Thursday. 288 00:18:45,970 --> 00:18:48,940 And depending on the safety lecture that you elected, 289 00:18:48,940 --> 00:18:52,060 some of you went yesterday to the safety lecture 290 00:18:52,060 --> 00:18:56,830 and you enrolled in the Monday/Wednesday section. 291 00:18:56,830 --> 00:19:02,500 Today the safety lecture is at 1 o'clock right after this class. 292 00:19:02,500 --> 00:19:07,390 And Tuesday/Thursday people will go there, attend the safety 293 00:19:07,390 --> 00:19:09,400 lecture, and then you'll go up to lab 294 00:19:09,400 --> 00:19:12,580 to check in your lockers. 295 00:19:12,580 --> 00:19:16,330 If there are any Tuesday/Thursday people who 296 00:19:16,330 --> 00:19:19,390 would like to switch to Monday/Wednesday, 297 00:19:19,390 --> 00:19:22,400 Monday/Wednesday will have fewer students. 298 00:19:22,400 --> 00:19:27,070 So there'll be much better TA interaction with you. 299 00:19:27,070 --> 00:19:30,880 So if you can, just let Sarah know. 300 00:19:30,880 --> 00:19:35,350 She'll be down front at 1 o'clock 301 00:19:35,350 --> 00:19:37,720 registering you for your lockers. 302 00:19:37,720 --> 00:19:39,520 And if you'd like to do Monday/Wednesday, 303 00:19:39,520 --> 00:19:40,990 you can check in today. 304 00:19:40,990 --> 00:19:45,100 We'll just give you a Monday/Wednesday locker. 305 00:19:45,100 --> 00:19:49,120 The lab itself opens at 1 o'clock every day. 306 00:19:49,120 --> 00:19:54,820 And the TAs will give a pre-lab lecture at 1:05. 307 00:19:54,820 --> 00:19:57,370 It's about a 20 minute lecture. 308 00:19:57,370 --> 00:19:59,350 It's going to cover exactly what you're 309 00:19:59,350 --> 00:20:02,500 doing in that four hour period. 310 00:20:02,500 --> 00:20:07,510 And they will also demonstrate some of the glassware, maybe 311 00:20:07,510 --> 00:20:09,970 the pipettes, and anything you're 312 00:20:09,970 --> 00:20:11,800 going to be using in that lab. 313 00:20:11,800 --> 00:20:14,170 And they'll also show you the instruments 314 00:20:14,170 --> 00:20:16,580 that you might be running that day. 315 00:20:16,580 --> 00:20:19,190 So it's pretty important, the pre-lab lecture. 316 00:20:19,190 --> 00:20:23,200 And it will also firm up what you heard in the lecture 317 00:20:23,200 --> 00:20:26,620 and possibly didn't understand something, 318 00:20:26,620 --> 00:20:31,480 your TAs can really help in that respect. 319 00:20:31,480 --> 00:20:37,150 On the fourth lab day of each experiment, there's a quiz. 320 00:20:37,150 --> 00:20:38,710 And that will cover-- 321 00:20:38,710 --> 00:20:41,940 you've already done the three days of the experiment 322 00:20:41,940 --> 00:20:44,860 so you should be in pretty good shape for the quiz. 323 00:20:44,860 --> 00:20:49,670 You should understand what you're doing and know. 324 00:20:49,670 --> 00:20:52,840 You shouldn't have any problem with that. 325 00:20:52,840 --> 00:20:58,690 The laboratory, we try to clean up about quarter to 5:00. 326 00:20:58,690 --> 00:21:03,790 I can't recall in 5.310 any time where students have to stay 327 00:21:03,790 --> 00:21:05,410 after 5 o'clock. 328 00:21:05,410 --> 00:21:07,570 That's a good thing because you want to go home. 329 00:21:07,570 --> 00:21:09,520 Some of you have sport practice. 330 00:21:09,520 --> 00:21:11,870 And we understand that. 331 00:21:11,870 --> 00:21:17,290 And the last thing is we've indicated some select Fridays 332 00:21:17,290 --> 00:21:19,270 that are make-up labs. 333 00:21:19,270 --> 00:21:24,010 And there will be one Friday at the end of each four day lab 334 00:21:24,010 --> 00:21:25,100 period. 335 00:21:25,100 --> 00:21:28,120 So if for some reason you've missed something 336 00:21:28,120 --> 00:21:32,200 because you're sick and you couldn't do it on day four, 337 00:21:32,200 --> 00:21:34,160 then we have that option. 338 00:21:34,160 --> 00:21:37,795 And those are scheduled in the lab syllabus in your packets. 339 00:21:43,690 --> 00:21:46,240 Safety goggles. 340 00:21:46,240 --> 00:21:50,530 You have to buy these at the VWR stockroom, 341 00:21:50,530 --> 00:21:53,350 the basement of building 56. 342 00:21:53,350 --> 00:21:58,800 And I mean, you put these on and they actually really-- 343 00:21:58,800 --> 00:22:01,360 they hug your face. 344 00:22:01,360 --> 00:22:04,960 They don't look too glamorous, but you're not 345 00:22:04,960 --> 00:22:06,490 going to a beauty contest. 346 00:22:06,490 --> 00:22:08,650 You're going to the lab. 347 00:22:08,650 --> 00:22:11,050 But you've got to buy a pair of these. 348 00:22:11,050 --> 00:22:17,420 And you've got to wear them at all times. 349 00:22:17,420 --> 00:22:22,390 The other thing is your lab coat is a fire-resistant lab coat. 350 00:22:22,390 --> 00:22:25,720 These are top of the line lab coats. 351 00:22:25,720 --> 00:22:28,990 We issue you one of these when you come. 352 00:22:28,990 --> 00:22:31,820 We'll also give you a baggy like this. 353 00:22:31,820 --> 00:22:34,030 And you can write your name on the bag 354 00:22:34,030 --> 00:22:37,510 and hang it in your locker and leave it there. 355 00:22:37,510 --> 00:22:39,010 You never take it out of the lab. 356 00:22:39,010 --> 00:22:39,802 You leave it there. 357 00:22:39,802 --> 00:22:43,180 And first thing you do when you come in, at either entrance, 358 00:22:43,180 --> 00:22:45,970 either from building 13 or building 16 359 00:22:45,970 --> 00:22:48,940 when you enter building 12, you'll have lockers. 360 00:22:48,940 --> 00:22:52,180 And you can grab your lab coat and goggles, put them on, 361 00:22:52,180 --> 00:22:54,100 and you'll be ready for the lab. 362 00:22:58,610 --> 00:23:00,050 We've got plenty of gloves. 363 00:23:00,050 --> 00:23:01,850 We use nitrile gloves. 364 00:23:01,850 --> 00:23:06,630 And generally, those gloves do not give students any problems. 365 00:23:06,630 --> 00:23:11,240 But if you have an issue with that, just let us know. 366 00:23:11,240 --> 00:23:12,410 The attire. 367 00:23:12,410 --> 00:23:15,620 So the lab coats have to be worn at all times. 368 00:23:15,620 --> 00:23:20,300 And you can't wear-- you can't come in with open-toed shoes, 369 00:23:20,300 --> 00:23:23,000 low cut jeans, t-shirts. 370 00:23:23,000 --> 00:23:25,850 You have to be really covered. 371 00:23:25,850 --> 00:23:29,330 So my suggestion is that you bring 372 00:23:29,330 --> 00:23:33,110 a little bag, a change of clothes, 373 00:23:33,110 --> 00:23:34,730 and you keep it in the locker. 374 00:23:34,730 --> 00:23:37,140 Students did this last semester. 375 00:23:37,140 --> 00:23:38,760 It worked really well. 376 00:23:38,760 --> 00:23:41,037 And then you can just change out and change out again 377 00:23:41,037 --> 00:23:41,870 when you're leaving. 378 00:23:41,870 --> 00:23:44,330 And that way you can wear your sandals, and your shorts, 379 00:23:44,330 --> 00:23:48,440 and anything you want, but you can't wear that in the lab. 380 00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:57,520 Cell phones, radios, iPods. 381 00:23:57,520 --> 00:24:00,220 You have to keep those in your backpacks. 382 00:24:00,220 --> 00:24:04,270 And this is what the lockers look like at the entryway. 383 00:24:04,270 --> 00:24:06,910 So you just grab one of those. 384 00:24:06,910 --> 00:24:09,850 And that'll become your locker. 385 00:24:09,850 --> 00:24:11,740 Once you hang your lab coat in there, 386 00:24:11,740 --> 00:24:14,300 no one else is going to put anything in there. 387 00:24:14,300 --> 00:24:17,470 And we've never had any problems with the lockers 388 00:24:17,470 --> 00:24:18,940 in the undergraduate lab. 389 00:24:18,940 --> 00:24:21,680 If you want to put a lock on your locker for the semester, 390 00:24:21,680 --> 00:24:22,690 that's fine with me. 391 00:24:26,370 --> 00:24:29,910 Obviously, no eating and drinking in the lab. 392 00:24:29,910 --> 00:24:33,600 You can't bring beverages and food into the lab. 393 00:24:33,600 --> 00:24:37,110 There are chemicals on the countertops and around that you 394 00:24:37,110 --> 00:24:37,830 just-- 395 00:24:37,830 --> 00:24:39,555 chemicals and food just don't mix. 396 00:24:42,440 --> 00:24:44,300 This is very important. 397 00:24:44,300 --> 00:24:48,200 Report any accidents or injuries promptly. 398 00:24:48,200 --> 00:24:53,840 So if you do get cut or you spill a chemical on yourself, 399 00:24:53,840 --> 00:24:55,460 you should tell us. 400 00:24:55,460 --> 00:24:59,060 If you leave the lab and then a couple of days later come back 401 00:24:59,060 --> 00:25:04,370 and you've broken out in a red rash on your legs or arms, 402 00:25:04,370 --> 00:25:07,190 it's much harder for us to go back and try 403 00:25:07,190 --> 00:25:09,230 to figure out what happened. 404 00:25:09,230 --> 00:25:12,980 But if you tell us right away, then we can track it down. 405 00:25:12,980 --> 00:25:15,350 We know what chemical it was. 406 00:25:15,350 --> 00:25:18,410 We know how to treat it. 407 00:25:18,410 --> 00:25:23,890 And MIT Health will help with that. 408 00:25:23,890 --> 00:25:26,320 If you need special accommodations 409 00:25:26,320 --> 00:25:30,340 or you've got medical conditions that you 410 00:25:30,340 --> 00:25:34,390 would like to talk about, you can come and see me on that. 411 00:25:34,390 --> 00:25:39,020 And you should do it this week just so we're aware of it. 412 00:25:39,020 --> 00:25:40,990 And I mean we don't want-- 413 00:25:40,990 --> 00:25:44,170 we had a student about three years ago 414 00:25:44,170 --> 00:25:47,320 who just passed out in the lab. 415 00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:49,820 I mean literally down on the floor. 416 00:25:49,820 --> 00:25:51,220 She was out. 417 00:25:51,220 --> 00:25:55,630 And if we know ahead of time if there 418 00:25:55,630 --> 00:25:58,630 is a condition or something that we should be aware of, 419 00:25:58,630 --> 00:26:01,180 we can know better how to treat that. 420 00:26:05,810 --> 00:26:06,980 Grading. 421 00:26:06,980 --> 00:26:08,870 This is the grading scale. 422 00:26:08,870 --> 00:26:10,580 Pretty traditional. 423 00:26:10,580 --> 00:26:14,570 It's not inflated and it's not curved. 424 00:26:14,570 --> 00:26:17,930 So it's a traditional grading scale. 425 00:26:17,930 --> 00:26:25,620 And this is what we use in 5.310. 426 00:26:25,620 --> 00:26:29,310 So the grading is all based on five labs. 427 00:26:29,310 --> 00:26:32,130 Each lab is worth 100 points. 428 00:26:32,130 --> 00:26:36,620 Total number of points is 500 for the course. 429 00:26:36,620 --> 00:26:38,330 And this will make you happy. 430 00:26:38,330 --> 00:26:39,455 There's no final exam. 431 00:26:43,680 --> 00:26:46,350 There was a final exam when I took over 432 00:26:46,350 --> 00:26:47,860 this course 10 years ago. 433 00:26:47,860 --> 00:26:49,080 But I got rid of it. 434 00:26:49,080 --> 00:26:50,400 It was not nice. 435 00:26:53,040 --> 00:26:55,030 So you've got 500 points. 436 00:26:55,030 --> 00:26:56,600 And how is that broken down? 437 00:27:00,360 --> 00:27:06,410 So of that 100 points, 20 points is your quiz that you'll take. 438 00:27:06,410 --> 00:27:08,720 So that incorporates into that. 439 00:27:08,720 --> 00:27:10,850 Then you have your pre-lab notebook 440 00:27:10,850 --> 00:27:13,040 and your post-lab notebook. 441 00:27:13,040 --> 00:27:15,020 That's 10 points. 442 00:27:15,020 --> 00:27:17,120 Then there are 5 points which are 443 00:27:17,120 --> 00:27:21,840 noted as discretionary points for the TA. 444 00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:27,570 And that would be like does this student show up on time. 445 00:27:27,570 --> 00:27:31,440 Does the student clean up their area at the end of the lab? 446 00:27:31,440 --> 00:27:34,200 Does the student wear their safety glasses 447 00:27:34,200 --> 00:27:37,410 or do they walk around with the glasses up in the air? 448 00:27:37,410 --> 00:27:39,730 So that's important. 449 00:27:39,730 --> 00:27:42,790 And then your lab report, either written or oral, 450 00:27:42,790 --> 00:27:44,230 would be 65 points. 451 00:27:47,270 --> 00:27:51,250 I'll show you this is the course textbook. 452 00:27:51,250 --> 00:27:53,910 This is the book that we recommend that you get. 453 00:27:53,910 --> 00:27:55,020 It's Mohrig. 454 00:27:55,020 --> 00:27:58,800 and it's Laboratory Techniques in Organic Chemistry. 455 00:27:58,800 --> 00:27:59,790 Very good book. 456 00:27:59,790 --> 00:28:04,380 It has chapters on all of the instrumentation 457 00:28:04,380 --> 00:28:08,130 and a lot of the techniques that you'll be actually using 458 00:28:08,130 --> 00:28:09,450 in the course. 459 00:28:09,450 --> 00:28:12,030 Well worth to buy this book. 460 00:28:12,030 --> 00:28:16,410 The other book that is not required but it's on reserve 461 00:28:16,410 --> 00:28:20,370 and we have copies in the lab is this ACS style guide. 462 00:28:20,370 --> 00:28:25,050 This will help you in terms of writing up your lab reports, 463 00:28:25,050 --> 00:28:26,790 writing up the reference section, 464 00:28:26,790 --> 00:28:30,045 knowing how correctly to put things together. 465 00:28:33,500 --> 00:28:35,360 Attendance. 466 00:28:35,360 --> 00:28:38,720 Attendance is not mandatory for this class. 467 00:28:38,720 --> 00:28:41,600 But there is an attendance sheet going around. 468 00:28:41,600 --> 00:28:47,450 And each lecture day we will send it around. 469 00:28:47,450 --> 00:28:50,210 If you don't attend lecture, your grade 470 00:28:50,210 --> 00:28:52,430 isn't going to be penalized. 471 00:28:52,430 --> 00:28:55,220 But if you do attend all of the lectures, 472 00:28:55,220 --> 00:28:58,820 at the end of the semester, if your grade somehow 473 00:28:58,820 --> 00:29:02,780 is within a half a point of a higher grade, 474 00:29:02,780 --> 00:29:07,570 89.5, technically you'd get a B plus, 475 00:29:07,570 --> 00:29:10,330 we'll look at the lecture attendance 476 00:29:10,330 --> 00:29:15,110 and that grade could be pushed up to an A minus. 477 00:29:15,110 --> 00:29:17,260 So that's how the lecture attendance 478 00:29:17,260 --> 00:29:18,755 works into this system. 479 00:29:22,120 --> 00:29:27,620 And if you have any questions as I'm going along, just ask. 480 00:29:27,620 --> 00:29:30,050 So to get a passing grade in 5.310, 481 00:29:30,050 --> 00:29:33,230 you need to turn in the four written reports and you need 482 00:29:33,230 --> 00:29:35,750 to deliver the oral report. 483 00:29:35,750 --> 00:29:38,540 There are some penalties. 484 00:29:38,540 --> 00:29:50,060 So for a late lab, we use three times n minus 1 485 00:29:50,060 --> 00:29:59,250 plus 2, where n equals the number of days the lab is late. 486 00:29:59,250 --> 00:30:03,390 Also, with each lab, you need to attach a cover sheet 487 00:30:03,390 --> 00:30:05,760 to your written lab. 488 00:30:05,760 --> 00:30:14,075 No cover sheet is minus 2 points. 489 00:30:17,220 --> 00:30:20,390 There are also some late points on the oral report. 490 00:30:20,390 --> 00:30:24,500 If you're late for an oral report, it's minus five points. 491 00:30:24,500 --> 00:30:26,510 If it has to be rescheduled, it's 492 00:30:26,510 --> 00:30:30,740 minus 10 points, just so you're aware of the late points. 493 00:30:30,740 --> 00:30:33,920 You don't want to use these if you don't have to. 494 00:30:33,920 --> 00:30:37,160 You really want to try to turn your labs in on time. 495 00:30:37,160 --> 00:30:41,810 And that two points or five points 496 00:30:41,810 --> 00:30:44,090 could make a big difference at the end. 497 00:30:51,200 --> 00:30:58,200 So this is the hard copy of the course manual. 498 00:30:58,200 --> 00:31:02,410 And you'll be allowed to bring this in with you to lab. 499 00:31:02,410 --> 00:31:06,270 You don't have to write up the pre-lab step by step 500 00:31:06,270 --> 00:31:07,270 that you're going to do. 501 00:31:07,270 --> 00:31:09,400 You can bring this in and follow it. 502 00:31:09,400 --> 00:31:12,970 So we're saving you a couple hours a week here. 503 00:31:12,970 --> 00:31:15,850 I hope you appreciate that. 504 00:31:15,850 --> 00:31:19,390 Students used to have to write the pre-lab out step by step 505 00:31:19,390 --> 00:31:21,970 in their own words. 506 00:31:21,970 --> 00:31:24,830 So this is a big time saver for you. 507 00:31:24,830 --> 00:31:28,780 I want to keep this course under that 12 credit limits. 508 00:31:32,880 --> 00:31:35,780 You will need a lab notebook. 509 00:31:35,780 --> 00:31:40,700 And the lab notebooks are available either at the MIT 510 00:31:40,700 --> 00:31:44,960 Coop or they have them at the VWR stock room. 511 00:31:44,960 --> 00:31:47,430 And they're around $15. 512 00:31:47,430 --> 00:31:52,580 And the notebook should be like 100 duplicate pages 513 00:31:52,580 --> 00:31:56,540 with carbonless paper because what's going to happen 514 00:31:56,540 --> 00:32:02,390 is each day you go to lab, the TA will initial your pre-lab. 515 00:32:02,390 --> 00:32:04,880 And then at the end of lab, you'll go to the TA 516 00:32:04,880 --> 00:32:06,260 with your notebook. 517 00:32:06,260 --> 00:32:10,550 And the TA will initial each page of your post-lab notes. 518 00:32:10,550 --> 00:32:14,260 Then you'll tear them all out and hand them to your TA. 519 00:32:14,260 --> 00:32:15,410 You keep the original. 520 00:32:15,410 --> 00:32:17,510 We get the copy. 521 00:32:17,510 --> 00:32:22,190 The reason for that is when it comes down to the final lab 522 00:32:22,190 --> 00:32:26,360 report, you cannot have anything in the lab report that's not 523 00:32:26,360 --> 00:32:31,050 in your post-lab notes in your notebook. 524 00:32:31,050 --> 00:32:35,940 So let's just take a quick look and see. 525 00:32:35,940 --> 00:32:39,480 For the pre-lab, this is pretty simple. 526 00:32:39,480 --> 00:32:41,660 You don't have to write out the whole procedure, 527 00:32:41,660 --> 00:32:44,010 but you do need to have your title, date, 528 00:32:44,010 --> 00:32:48,620 the name of the experiment, an introduction, a couple 529 00:32:48,620 --> 00:32:52,040 of sentences what this experiment is about, 530 00:32:52,040 --> 00:32:56,660 what you hope to get out of it, maybe a couple of sentences 531 00:32:56,660 --> 00:33:01,520 on safety issues that you spotted in the experiment, 532 00:33:01,520 --> 00:33:06,640 and then any pre-lab equations you think you'll need. 533 00:33:06,640 --> 00:33:11,440 The first pre-lab is due Monday and Tuesday next week. 534 00:33:11,440 --> 00:33:13,540 That's when the lab actually will commence. 535 00:33:16,120 --> 00:33:20,440 Tables are very good to put in your lab notebook 536 00:33:20,440 --> 00:33:25,210 and in your lab reports as well as drawings 537 00:33:25,210 --> 00:33:28,030 that might help you to actually visualize 538 00:33:28,030 --> 00:33:31,480 what you're setting up. 539 00:33:31,480 --> 00:33:36,010 For the post-lab, this is probably 540 00:33:36,010 --> 00:33:39,430 the most detailed part because you've 541 00:33:39,430 --> 00:33:42,640 got to write everything down that you're doing in lab, 542 00:33:42,640 --> 00:33:47,710 all your observations, everything that's happening. 543 00:33:47,710 --> 00:33:49,763 When you're over at the distillation, 544 00:33:49,763 --> 00:33:52,180 you're going to record the temperature that the distillate 545 00:33:52,180 --> 00:33:53,800 started to come over. 546 00:33:53,800 --> 00:33:57,100 You're going to record the drops per minute that's coming over. 547 00:33:57,100 --> 00:34:00,610 All of these notes go into your lab book 548 00:34:00,610 --> 00:34:04,450 while you're working in the lab. 549 00:34:04,450 --> 00:34:12,110 So let me show you a couple examples of lab notebooks, what 550 00:34:12,110 --> 00:34:13,790 students have done. 551 00:34:13,790 --> 00:34:17,330 This is one example where a student had-- 552 00:34:17,330 --> 00:34:24,250 sorry-- where a student had put their pre-lab notes on one side 553 00:34:24,250 --> 00:34:28,489 and left the other side for their post-lab. 554 00:34:28,489 --> 00:34:30,560 This isn't necessarily the best way 555 00:34:30,560 --> 00:34:33,409 to do it because you don't know how much space to leave 556 00:34:33,409 --> 00:34:35,690 for your post-lab. 557 00:34:35,690 --> 00:34:41,150 So another way to do it would be just 558 00:34:41,150 --> 00:34:45,830 to write out your pre-lab on one page, 559 00:34:45,830 --> 00:34:51,530 and then stop, and then start your post-lab on the next page. 560 00:34:51,530 --> 00:34:54,889 The other thing that comes up is these 561 00:34:54,889 --> 00:34:57,470 are four to five day labs. 562 00:34:57,470 --> 00:35:01,430 So when you read the whole experiment, one way to do it 563 00:35:01,430 --> 00:35:04,250 is write your lab up for the whole experiment 564 00:35:04,250 --> 00:35:05,690 all in one time. 565 00:35:05,690 --> 00:35:08,840 Then you don't have to write it up each time. 566 00:35:08,840 --> 00:35:11,130 That works for a lot of students. 567 00:35:11,130 --> 00:35:14,990 But we only require you to write the pre-lab for the day 568 00:35:14,990 --> 00:35:19,770 that you're actually doing. 569 00:35:19,770 --> 00:35:23,300 So I want to talk just a bit about some questions that 570 00:35:23,300 --> 00:35:28,400 come up a lot, like what is the stability of my chemicals. 571 00:35:28,400 --> 00:35:31,280 You're going to be working with some very air 572 00:35:31,280 --> 00:35:33,540 sensitive chemicals. 573 00:35:33,540 --> 00:35:36,500 So you might go over to the balance area and mass 574 00:35:36,500 --> 00:35:39,180 out your chemical for the first lab. 575 00:35:39,180 --> 00:35:42,740 You have iron chloride tetrahydrate. 576 00:35:42,740 --> 00:35:46,100 You mass that out but then you walk away. 577 00:35:46,100 --> 00:35:48,410 If you don't put the cover on the chemical, 578 00:35:48,410 --> 00:35:50,960 the green chemical will turn brown. 579 00:35:50,960 --> 00:35:54,350 And it's not going to be any good for the other students who 580 00:35:54,350 --> 00:35:58,220 are doing the lab because the iron gets oxidized. 581 00:35:58,220 --> 00:36:01,370 And you need iron-2 to do the experiment. 582 00:36:01,370 --> 00:36:03,090 So be aware of that. 583 00:36:03,090 --> 00:36:06,035 And then how do I get what I need from a stock solution? 584 00:36:08,690 --> 00:36:11,480 So you're going to see chemicals like this labeled 585 00:36:11,480 --> 00:36:14,380 stock solutions for the lab. 586 00:36:14,380 --> 00:36:16,090 The one thing you don't want to do 587 00:36:16,090 --> 00:36:20,470 is open this up and go into a stock solution 588 00:36:20,470 --> 00:36:23,560 with a dirty pipette, because if you 589 00:36:23,560 --> 00:36:27,310 do that, you'll contaminate the solution for the whole class. 590 00:36:27,310 --> 00:36:30,070 And some of the experiments are really quantitative 591 00:36:30,070 --> 00:36:33,130 and very sensitive, especially the Charles River 592 00:36:33,130 --> 00:36:36,610 where we're looking at the phosphate levels. 593 00:36:36,610 --> 00:36:39,580 So what you want to do is you want to make sure that-- 594 00:36:39,580 --> 00:36:41,710 and the TA should do this-- 595 00:36:41,710 --> 00:36:46,060 have these chemicals poured out in labeled beakers 596 00:36:46,060 --> 00:36:48,940 so that they're ready for the students 597 00:36:48,940 --> 00:36:52,210 to actually go into and draw out what they need. 598 00:36:52,210 --> 00:36:55,210 If you don't see that, always ask your TA. 599 00:36:55,210 --> 00:36:58,690 Never go directly into the stock solution. 600 00:36:58,690 --> 00:37:00,970 And then the order in which you add 601 00:37:00,970 --> 00:37:03,700 chemicals is very important. 602 00:37:06,560 --> 00:37:08,440 You always want to-- you always want 603 00:37:08,440 --> 00:37:19,790 to go from the concentrated to the less concentrated. 604 00:37:25,780 --> 00:37:28,870 You would never want to take water and add it 605 00:37:28,870 --> 00:37:33,700 to acid because it would splash right back in your face. 606 00:37:33,700 --> 00:37:35,380 You always want to go the reverse. 607 00:37:35,380 --> 00:37:38,170 Add the acid to the water. 608 00:37:38,170 --> 00:37:41,260 Concentrated to less concentrated. 609 00:37:41,260 --> 00:37:45,860 And if you spill chemicals while working, let us know. 610 00:37:45,860 --> 00:37:46,730 It's very important. 611 00:37:46,730 --> 00:37:49,150 Don't leave them. 612 00:37:49,150 --> 00:37:54,430 A couple or few years ago, we had a class during IAP. 613 00:37:54,430 --> 00:37:58,210 And one of the freshmen spilled a half a bottle of urea 614 00:37:58,210 --> 00:38:01,690 on the floor and left it. 615 00:38:01,690 --> 00:38:04,100 And the TA was beside himself. 616 00:38:04,100 --> 00:38:06,220 He was saying who did this. 617 00:38:06,220 --> 00:38:09,230 Nobody would own up to it. 618 00:38:09,230 --> 00:38:12,310 But we just happened to be filming this class. 619 00:38:12,310 --> 00:38:15,100 And there is a video online that you can go watch. 620 00:38:15,100 --> 00:38:16,390 And you can see-- 621 00:38:16,390 --> 00:38:20,770 you'll know who it is when you watch the video. 622 00:38:20,770 --> 00:38:22,660 So you always want to let us know. 623 00:38:22,660 --> 00:38:26,170 And we always want to clean up if there is a spill. 624 00:38:26,170 --> 00:38:29,710 And if it's a spill, you have to let us know right away. 625 00:38:29,710 --> 00:38:33,190 We have to determine how bad it is 626 00:38:33,190 --> 00:38:37,960 so we don't have to evacuate the lab or something. 627 00:38:37,960 --> 00:38:41,320 And then if you get chemicals on yourself, 628 00:38:41,320 --> 00:38:44,890 you know you've got to let us know because chemicals 629 00:38:44,890 --> 00:38:49,960 on yourself, we can take care of it right on the spot, 630 00:38:49,960 --> 00:38:52,240 get you washed off. 631 00:38:52,240 --> 00:38:55,180 If we have to, we'll walk you over to MIT Health 632 00:38:55,180 --> 00:38:58,060 to have them look at it. 633 00:38:58,060 --> 00:39:00,490 And chemical waste. 634 00:39:00,490 --> 00:39:02,170 There are a lot of different kinds 635 00:39:02,170 --> 00:39:04,720 of waste containers in the lab. 636 00:39:04,720 --> 00:39:09,880 We've got boxes here for glass and plastic. 637 00:39:09,880 --> 00:39:11,590 And you've got to look at the box 638 00:39:11,590 --> 00:39:13,750 before you throw something in. 639 00:39:13,750 --> 00:39:16,780 Broken glass would go in the glass box. 640 00:39:16,780 --> 00:39:21,460 Plastic pipette tips go in the plastic box. 641 00:39:21,460 --> 00:39:24,490 And make sure that you empty them of your chemical 642 00:39:24,490 --> 00:39:29,050 first into the waste container before you throw the pipette's 643 00:39:29,050 --> 00:39:32,140 tips into the box. 644 00:39:32,140 --> 00:39:35,980 There are bottles for liquid waste. 645 00:39:35,980 --> 00:39:38,140 And everything is labeled. 646 00:39:38,140 --> 00:39:41,222 You can see the red labels here. 647 00:39:41,222 --> 00:39:42,680 A couple of things you should know. 648 00:39:42,680 --> 00:39:45,070 Don't pour into the top of this. 649 00:39:45,070 --> 00:39:51,460 This is a lid so that it actually opens up 650 00:39:51,460 --> 00:39:53,290 and then you pour it in. 651 00:39:53,290 --> 00:39:55,810 And then you always have to close this container 652 00:39:55,810 --> 00:39:58,510 after you've added your waste. 653 00:39:58,510 --> 00:40:03,430 If you leave a waste container open during an active lab 654 00:40:03,430 --> 00:40:09,610 and we're inspected, MIT can be fined thousands of dollars. 655 00:40:09,610 --> 00:40:12,870 So you've got to keep the waste containers closed. 656 00:40:12,870 --> 00:40:15,100 The other thing is you've got to be aware of what 657 00:40:15,100 --> 00:40:16,390 you're putting in. 658 00:40:16,390 --> 00:40:17,980 So read the container. 659 00:40:17,980 --> 00:40:22,780 Make sure it's the chemical that you're using that's going in. 660 00:40:22,780 --> 00:40:28,000 You never want to put acetone in to anything 661 00:40:28,000 --> 00:40:30,790 except a bottle that says acetone, 662 00:40:30,790 --> 00:40:32,920 because we're going to be using hydrogen 663 00:40:32,920 --> 00:40:36,670 peroxide in this class. 664 00:40:36,670 --> 00:40:43,160 And hydrogen peroxide and acetone 665 00:40:43,160 --> 00:40:46,840 and you have an explosion. 666 00:40:46,840 --> 00:40:52,480 So what you're making is you're actually creating 667 00:40:52,480 --> 00:40:57,820 these acetone peroxy compounds. 668 00:40:57,820 --> 00:41:01,010 This is the dimer. 669 00:41:01,010 --> 00:41:05,510 It's called acetone peroxide explosive apex. 670 00:41:05,510 --> 00:41:07,805 And then there's also a trimer. 671 00:41:20,150 --> 00:41:27,850 And this is the triacetone peroxide. 672 00:41:30,370 --> 00:41:33,040 So what happens with these is they form 673 00:41:33,040 --> 00:41:35,800 a white crystalline powder. 674 00:41:35,800 --> 00:41:37,990 And it smells like bleach. 675 00:41:37,990 --> 00:41:42,670 And when that forms, just any movement could trigger it. 676 00:41:42,670 --> 00:41:46,600 This is the same stuff that the shoe bomber had in his shoe 677 00:41:46,600 --> 00:41:50,050 if some of you remember 10 years ago on the plane. 678 00:41:50,050 --> 00:41:51,910 And so it's very frightening. 679 00:41:51,910 --> 00:41:54,580 So you have to be mindful of what you're 680 00:41:54,580 --> 00:41:56,350 putting in the containers. 681 00:41:56,350 --> 00:41:58,300 The acetone we're going to recycle. 682 00:41:58,300 --> 00:42:01,750 So it will have containers just for acetone. 683 00:42:01,750 --> 00:42:03,890 And that's where you're going to dump it. 684 00:42:03,890 --> 00:42:10,000 The other thing you want to be aware of is nitric acid. 685 00:42:10,000 --> 00:42:13,840 We're using nitric acid in the Charles River lab. 686 00:42:13,840 --> 00:42:18,790 You don't want to mix this with any kind of organic solvents. 687 00:42:18,790 --> 00:42:24,040 If we put this, say, with ethanol, 688 00:42:24,040 --> 00:42:35,875 then you're making this C2H5 ethyl nitrate. 689 00:42:41,070 --> 00:42:46,167 And this is also a primary explosive. 690 00:42:46,167 --> 00:42:47,750 The first thing that happens is you'll 691 00:42:47,750 --> 00:42:50,060 see orange smoke billowing out. 692 00:42:50,060 --> 00:42:52,910 And then you'll hear this whining noise. 693 00:42:52,910 --> 00:42:55,040 And it gets louder and louder. 694 00:42:55,040 --> 00:42:57,410 And then the hood goes. 695 00:42:57,410 --> 00:42:59,060 The ceiling goes. 696 00:42:59,060 --> 00:43:04,040 So if you see smoke or you hear noises, get away from the hood. 697 00:43:04,040 --> 00:43:06,470 But don't put nitric acid with anything 698 00:43:06,470 --> 00:43:09,215 except in the container that says nitric acid. 699 00:43:12,600 --> 00:43:17,840 There are also some containers for solid waste by the scales. 700 00:43:17,840 --> 00:43:20,820 So as you're massing your chemicals out, 701 00:43:20,820 --> 00:43:22,350 if you have a little bit left over, 702 00:43:22,350 --> 00:43:27,100 they go in the can with you with your weigh boats. 703 00:43:27,100 --> 00:43:29,080 Don't put gloves into the cans. 704 00:43:29,080 --> 00:43:32,640 Gloves can go in the trash. 705 00:43:32,640 --> 00:43:37,010 We have a box for needles here, which is great. 706 00:43:37,010 --> 00:43:41,000 And don't put needles in the trash, 707 00:43:41,000 --> 00:43:44,420 because the cleaners grab those trash bags at night 708 00:43:44,420 --> 00:43:46,640 and they could get poked. 709 00:43:46,640 --> 00:43:48,600 And that would not be good. 710 00:43:48,600 --> 00:43:51,120 So the needles, we're going to try to count them out. 711 00:43:51,120 --> 00:43:53,720 And the TA will be judicious in coming around 712 00:43:53,720 --> 00:43:57,870 with the needle box and collect them at the end. 713 00:43:57,870 --> 00:43:59,430 Calibration of melting point. 714 00:43:59,430 --> 00:44:03,600 I just want to show you one thing here. 715 00:44:03,600 --> 00:44:05,370 If you go to the melting point and you 716 00:44:05,370 --> 00:44:09,100 take a melting point of your sample, 717 00:44:09,100 --> 00:44:11,350 an uncalibrated melting temperature 718 00:44:11,350 --> 00:44:14,870 might be 64 to 66 degrees. 719 00:44:14,870 --> 00:44:20,580 Once it's calibrated, you're up to 79 to 80.9 degrees. 720 00:44:20,580 --> 00:44:22,880 So we have four standards. 721 00:44:22,880 --> 00:44:26,450 And each standard has a range where it starts to melt 722 00:44:26,450 --> 00:44:28,340 and ends melting. 723 00:44:28,340 --> 00:44:30,350 So you put your standard in. 724 00:44:30,350 --> 00:44:33,740 Then you look through the scope. 725 00:44:33,740 --> 00:44:36,650 And you record your observed where 726 00:44:36,650 --> 00:44:39,500 it's melting, when it started, when it stopped. 727 00:44:39,500 --> 00:44:42,140 And you have two points for each standard. 728 00:44:42,140 --> 00:44:44,240 So you can do a linear regression 729 00:44:44,240 --> 00:44:47,870 and draw a straight line and get an equation for the line. 730 00:44:47,870 --> 00:44:52,430 And then every time that you use that melting temperature, 731 00:44:52,430 --> 00:44:53,540 you can calculate-- 732 00:44:56,456 --> 00:45:03,400 you put in your experimental and calculate what 733 00:45:03,400 --> 00:45:05,365 it should be from the equation. 734 00:45:09,910 --> 00:45:13,620 So we've got we've got a couple of minutes left. 735 00:45:13,620 --> 00:45:16,030 And this is a chemistry class. 736 00:45:16,030 --> 00:45:19,470 So I'd like to do a demonstration just 737 00:45:19,470 --> 00:45:21,540 to end this class. 738 00:45:21,540 --> 00:45:23,100 And I need a volunteer. 739 00:45:29,980 --> 00:45:30,490 Yes. 740 00:45:30,490 --> 00:45:30,990 Come on. 741 00:45:35,410 --> 00:45:36,442 And what is your name? 742 00:45:36,442 --> 00:45:37,150 AUDIENCE: Autumn. 743 00:45:37,150 --> 00:45:37,945 PROFESSOR: Autumn. 744 00:45:37,945 --> 00:45:38,680 OK, Autumn. 745 00:45:38,680 --> 00:45:43,910 So Autumn, I've got a cup here and some water. 746 00:45:43,910 --> 00:45:46,660 So I'm going to pour some water into the cup. 747 00:45:46,660 --> 00:45:48,020 And you tell me when to stop. 748 00:45:48,020 --> 00:45:48,520 OK? 749 00:45:51,999 --> 00:45:52,727 AUDIENCE: Stop. 750 00:45:52,727 --> 00:45:53,310 PROFESSOR: OK. 751 00:45:57,220 --> 00:45:59,620 So what I'm going to do is I'm going to cover this up. 752 00:45:59,620 --> 00:46:01,480 OK. 753 00:46:01,480 --> 00:46:04,260 And then I'm going to carefully turn this over. 754 00:46:08,750 --> 00:46:11,720 So far so good, right? 755 00:46:11,720 --> 00:46:14,780 You know where I'm going with this, Autumn? 756 00:46:14,780 --> 00:46:18,490 I'm going to put it on your head. 757 00:46:18,490 --> 00:46:20,410 Face your fellow students. 758 00:46:20,410 --> 00:46:23,410 And we'll go up here very gently. 759 00:46:23,410 --> 00:46:25,660 And there we go. 760 00:46:25,660 --> 00:46:27,670 Now I'm going to let you hold it, Autumn, 761 00:46:27,670 --> 00:46:29,920 because I don't want to be responsible. 762 00:46:29,920 --> 00:46:31,390 OK. 763 00:46:31,390 --> 00:46:32,200 OK. 764 00:46:32,200 --> 00:46:33,327 You OK so far? 765 00:46:33,327 --> 00:46:33,910 AUDIENCE: Yep. 766 00:46:33,910 --> 00:46:34,610 PROFESSOR: OK. 767 00:46:34,610 --> 00:46:35,110 All right. 768 00:46:37,900 --> 00:46:41,580 Autumn, what does this say? 769 00:46:41,580 --> 00:46:43,482 AUDIENCE: Do not remove this card. 770 00:46:43,482 --> 00:46:45,280 PROFESSOR: Whoops. 771 00:46:45,280 --> 00:46:45,780 OK. 772 00:46:45,780 --> 00:46:48,416 Let me take this off from Autumn. 773 00:46:48,416 --> 00:46:50,350 AUDIENCE: What's on my head? 774 00:46:50,350 --> 00:46:53,780 PROFESSOR: What happened to the water, Autumn? 775 00:46:53,780 --> 00:46:57,267 AUDIENCE: Is there something inside that absorbed it? 776 00:46:57,267 --> 00:46:58,850 PROFESSOR: She said is there something 777 00:46:58,850 --> 00:47:00,150 inside that absorbed it? 778 00:47:00,150 --> 00:47:00,650 OK. 779 00:47:00,650 --> 00:47:01,900 Let's see what we got here. 780 00:47:04,730 --> 00:47:06,375 We made a polymer. 781 00:47:06,375 --> 00:47:07,000 AUDIENCE: Cool. 782 00:47:10,220 --> 00:47:13,280 PROFESSOR: So unbeknownst to Autumn, 783 00:47:13,280 --> 00:47:15,950 I had a little bit of powder in her cup. 784 00:47:15,950 --> 00:47:28,742 And when I put the water in, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. 785 00:47:28,742 --> 00:47:30,284 AUDIENCE: What kind of polymer is it? 786 00:47:30,284 --> 00:47:32,159 PROFESSOR: I knew you were going to ask that. 787 00:47:32,159 --> 00:47:33,385 What kind of polymer is this? 788 00:47:33,385 --> 00:47:34,510 AUDIENCE: I'm Course three. 789 00:47:34,510 --> 00:47:35,093 PROFESSOR: OK. 790 00:47:35,093 --> 00:47:38,808 So you'll all know this. 791 00:47:38,808 --> 00:47:40,100 Hold that for a minute, Autumn. 792 00:47:40,100 --> 00:47:41,920 This is the diaper polymer. 793 00:47:41,920 --> 00:47:44,680 This is sodium polyacrylate. 794 00:47:44,680 --> 00:47:48,020 And I actually took one of these diapers. 795 00:47:48,020 --> 00:47:49,165 And I cut it open. 796 00:47:49,165 --> 00:47:53,710 And I got 4 grams of sodium polyacrylate out of the diaper. 797 00:47:53,710 --> 00:47:55,540 So this is how they work. 798 00:47:55,540 --> 00:47:59,710 These polymers, you can see this polyacrylate 799 00:47:59,710 --> 00:48:02,080 is a monomer repeating unit. 800 00:48:02,080 --> 00:48:05,110 And what happens is if you look inside, 801 00:48:05,110 --> 00:48:07,180 it has a lot of sodiums. 802 00:48:07,180 --> 00:48:10,090 But when we put the water around it, 803 00:48:10,090 --> 00:48:15,730 it starts to send sodium out and pull water in by osmosis 804 00:48:15,730 --> 00:48:19,100 to balance the sodium atoms. 805 00:48:19,100 --> 00:48:21,490 So all of a sudden it swells up. 806 00:48:21,490 --> 00:48:24,380 And you've got this system here. 807 00:48:24,380 --> 00:48:26,410 Now we're going to do a little experiment. 808 00:48:26,410 --> 00:48:34,040 We're going to take this and put those on now. 809 00:48:42,880 --> 00:48:43,380 OK. 810 00:48:43,380 --> 00:48:48,240 So I'm going to take this and put it into a little baggy. 811 00:48:48,240 --> 00:48:48,918 Hold that bag. 812 00:48:48,918 --> 00:48:50,210 AUDIENCE: Add salt [INAUDIBLE]. 813 00:48:50,210 --> 00:48:53,030 PROFESSOR: I'm going to add some salt to this. 814 00:48:53,030 --> 00:48:57,110 And now we're doing the reverse of what we just did. 815 00:48:57,110 --> 00:48:59,510 We had added water to the polymer before 816 00:48:59,510 --> 00:49:01,040 but now we're putting salt in. 817 00:49:04,230 --> 00:49:05,790 So just zip that bag up. 818 00:49:09,010 --> 00:49:10,468 And this is the fun part, Autumn. 819 00:49:10,468 --> 00:49:11,635 You get to squish it around. 820 00:49:15,010 --> 00:49:20,320 So now there are sodium ions on the outside of the polymer. 821 00:49:20,320 --> 00:49:21,430 And it's panicking. 822 00:49:21,430 --> 00:49:24,280 It's starting to pull them in and send some of the water 823 00:49:24,280 --> 00:49:26,150 back out. 824 00:49:26,150 --> 00:49:29,870 So the polymer is actually going back to a liquid. 825 00:49:29,870 --> 00:49:33,010 So that's how this works. 826 00:49:33,010 --> 00:49:33,910 Great. 827 00:49:33,910 --> 00:49:34,750 Give her a hand. 828 00:49:34,750 --> 00:49:36,830 She did a great job. 829 00:49:36,830 --> 00:49:38,063 Thank you so much, Autumn. 830 00:49:42,230 --> 00:49:43,330 Well, thank you all. 831 00:49:43,330 --> 00:49:47,110 And the next lecture is Tuesday. 832 00:49:47,110 --> 00:49:50,020 Don't forget to go to the safety lecture. 833 00:49:50,020 --> 00:49:54,120 And that is downstairs, two flights down.