WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.040 align:middle line:90% 00:00:00.040 --> 00:00:02.470 align:middle line:84% The following content is provided under a Creative 00:00:02.470 --> 00:00:03.880 align:middle line:90% Commons license. 00:00:03.880 --> 00:00:06.920 align:middle line:84% Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to 00:00:06.920 --> 00:00:10.570 align:middle line:84% offer high quality educational resources for free. 00:00:10.570 --> 00:00:13.470 align:middle line:84% To make a donation or view additional materials from 00:00:13.470 --> 00:00:17.400 align:middle line:84% hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at 00:00:17.400 --> 00:00:18.650 align:middle line:90% ocw.mit.edu. 00:00:18.650 --> 00:00:20.430 align:middle line:90% 00:00:20.430 --> 00:00:21.210 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Ok, cool. 00:00:21.210 --> 00:00:25.690 align:middle line:84% So we've been reading the assignments. 00:00:25.690 --> 00:00:28.890 align:middle line:84% And we realize that there were a couple of things about how 00:00:28.890 --> 00:00:34.200 align:middle line:84% to write rules that we hadn't neccesarily gone through. 00:00:34.200 --> 00:00:38.140 align:middle line:84% One thing that we would like to see in the next assignment 00:00:38.140 --> 00:00:41.080 align:middle line:84% are a couple things that I'm going to read out now. 00:00:41.080 --> 00:00:43.890 align:middle line:84% But we'll probably send out an email, as well. 00:00:43.890 --> 00:00:47.000 align:middle line:84% So you can have it for reference. 00:00:47.000 --> 00:00:52.340 align:middle line:84% So having a paragraph or an overview that broadly explains 00:00:52.340 --> 00:00:54.375 align:middle line:84% what the game is about is actually 00:00:54.375 --> 00:00:56.240 align:middle line:90% really, really useful. 00:00:56.240 --> 00:00:58.870 align:middle line:84% Just jumping straight into the-- 00:00:58.870 --> 00:01:01.430 align:middle line:84% this is how you set up a border and this is how you 00:01:01.430 --> 00:01:04.250 align:middle line:90% take a turn. 00:01:04.250 --> 00:01:06.000 align:middle line:84% That's the meat of the assignment. 00:01:06.000 --> 00:01:08.450 align:middle line:84% But just to help people get a grasp, especially if you 00:01:08.450 --> 00:01:10.500 align:middle line:84% thought about your theme really, really hard. 00:01:10.500 --> 00:01:12.280 align:middle line:84% And this next coming assignment, your theme is 00:01:12.280 --> 00:01:16.020 align:middle line:84% right there, explaining who are you in this game? 00:01:16.020 --> 00:01:17.270 align:middle line:90% What are you trying to do? 00:01:17.270 --> 00:01:19.880 align:middle line:90% 00:01:19.880 --> 00:01:21.960 align:middle line:84% What's your overall goal in broad terms? 00:01:21.960 --> 00:01:24.940 align:middle line:84% Not necessarily very specific game terms. 00:01:24.940 --> 00:01:27.760 align:middle line:84% Just having one paragraph is a really, really good idea. 00:01:27.760 --> 00:01:29.150 align:middle line:84% And really, that [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:01:29.150 --> 00:01:30.400 align:middle line:90% paragraph. 00:01:30.400 --> 00:01:33.070 align:middle line:90% 00:01:33.070 --> 00:01:35.736 align:middle line:90% Two, list the components. 00:01:35.736 --> 00:01:39.230 align:middle line:84% In a card game, it would be like we have this many red 00:01:39.230 --> 00:01:41.460 align:middle line:90% cards, this many blue cards. 00:01:41.460 --> 00:01:46.060 align:middle line:84% Just so we know that we've got everything. 00:01:46.060 --> 00:01:48.550 align:middle line:84% It also helps, sometimes, to be able to establish the 00:01:48.550 --> 00:01:50.840 align:middle line:84% vocabulary of the game really, really early. 00:01:50.840 --> 00:01:54.030 align:middle line:84% So if all your red cards are attack cards, and all your 00:01:54.030 --> 00:01:56.180 align:middle line:84% blue cards are defense cards, you want to say your deck 00:01:56.180 --> 00:01:59.145 align:middle line:84% should have 25 red attack cards and 25 00:01:59.145 --> 00:02:00.500 align:middle line:90% blue defense cards. 00:02:00.500 --> 00:02:03.250 align:middle line:84% And now we know if you use the words attack card and defense 00:02:03.250 --> 00:02:06.270 align:middle line:84% card later, we now know what it means. 00:02:06.270 --> 00:02:08.130 align:middle line:84% So this is obvious from just looking at currents. 00:02:08.130 --> 00:02:12.090 align:middle line:84% But frankly, when we are opening up these cards, 00:02:12.090 --> 00:02:13.500 align:middle line:84% usually, there is one person looking at the cards and 00:02:13.500 --> 00:02:14.950 align:middle line:84% somebody else looking at the rules. 00:02:14.950 --> 00:02:16.286 align:middle line:90% And just having the information 00:02:16.286 --> 00:02:19.315 align:middle line:90% redundant is kind of nice. 00:02:19.315 --> 00:02:20.610 align:middle line:90% Let me see. 00:02:20.610 --> 00:02:23.930 align:middle line:90% 00:02:23.930 --> 00:02:26.830 align:middle line:90% The number of players-- 00:02:26.830 --> 00:02:30.580 align:middle line:84% in this particular assignment, I'm trying to remember what 00:02:30.580 --> 00:02:31.450 align:middle line:90% the requirements are for. 00:02:31.450 --> 00:02:33.050 align:middle line:90% It was like two to four? 00:02:33.050 --> 00:02:35.060 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Two to four. 00:02:35.060 --> 00:02:35.870 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Two to four. 00:02:35.870 --> 00:02:38.750 align:middle line:84% A number of your previous projects 00:02:38.750 --> 00:02:42.760 align:middle line:90% actually allow less players. 00:02:42.760 --> 00:02:46.420 align:middle line:84% We want an explicit line that says this is how many players 00:02:46.420 --> 00:02:47.670 align:middle line:90% your game supports. 00:02:47.670 --> 00:02:49.860 align:middle line:90% 00:02:49.860 --> 00:02:50.780 align:middle line:90% Just one line. 00:02:50.780 --> 00:02:52.340 align:middle line:90% Make it like a bullet point. 00:02:52.340 --> 00:02:54.320 align:middle line:90% By the way, bullet points-- 00:02:54.320 --> 00:02:56.260 align:middle line:90% be concise. 00:02:56.260 --> 00:03:03.450 align:middle line:84% Making things really easy to read is highly valued. 00:03:03.450 --> 00:03:05.450 align:middle line:84% One thing that you absolutely should do is make sure you're 00:03:05.450 --> 00:03:09.620 align:middle line:84% testing your written rules as well as your game. 00:03:09.620 --> 00:03:11.790 align:middle line:84% Don't just test the rules of your game. 00:03:11.790 --> 00:03:12.930 align:middle line:90% And then, you write it down. 00:03:12.930 --> 00:03:15.005 align:middle line:84% And you're never actually testing the written version of 00:03:15.005 --> 00:03:17.870 align:middle line:90% your rules on someone. 00:03:17.870 --> 00:03:20.290 align:middle line:84% You need to be able to test your rules, as well. 00:03:20.290 --> 00:03:22.062 align:middle line:84% There are some games that clearly need that. 00:03:22.062 --> 00:03:25.240 align:middle line:84% And some games that clearly don't. 00:03:25.240 --> 00:03:27.700 align:middle line:90% And it showed. 00:03:27.700 --> 00:03:31.430 align:middle line:84% By the way, no one really did badly on the last assignment. 00:03:31.430 --> 00:03:34.350 align:middle line:84% I'm nitpicking because this is, obviously, from 00:03:34.350 --> 00:03:37.700 align:middle line:90% B to A. Let's see. 00:03:37.700 --> 00:03:39.390 align:middle line:90% Expected playing time. 00:03:39.390 --> 00:03:42.630 align:middle line:84% Especially in this next assignment, if a game tends to 00:03:42.630 --> 00:03:48.210 align:middle line:84% take 30 minutes, or if your game tends to take 10. 00:03:48.210 --> 00:03:50.930 align:middle line:90% Just state it. 00:03:50.930 --> 00:03:53.855 align:middle line:84% In some games, it takes a really long time to set up and 00:03:53.855 --> 00:03:55.310 align:middle line:90% a really fast time to play. 00:03:55.310 --> 00:03:58.360 align:middle line:84% Then, you just state expected set up time, expected playing 00:03:58.360 --> 00:03:59.610 align:middle line:90% time [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:03:59.610 --> 00:04:02.090 align:middle line:90% 00:04:02.090 --> 00:04:07.050 align:middle line:84% There was a lot of assumption in the rules and in the design 00:04:07.050 --> 00:04:10.260 align:middle line:84% of the game that your players are male. 00:04:10.260 --> 00:04:12.320 align:middle line:90% This is a very 00:04:12.320 --> 00:04:16.540 align:middle line:90% male-proportioned class right now. 00:04:16.540 --> 00:04:20.142 align:middle line:90% 00:04:20.142 --> 00:04:22.791 align:middle line:84% But don't assume that your players are 00:04:22.791 --> 00:04:23.179 align:middle line:90% all going to be male. 00:04:23.179 --> 00:04:26.030 align:middle line:84% It's actually really kind of off-putting to read a set of 00:04:26.030 --> 00:04:29.070 align:middle line:84% rules that just assumes that if you're playing this game, 00:04:29.070 --> 00:04:31.450 align:middle line:90% you are a guy. 00:04:31.450 --> 00:04:34.790 align:middle line:84% There are a couple of things that people have done in 00:04:34.790 --> 00:04:37.480 align:middle line:84% academia to address that issue. 00:04:37.480 --> 00:04:41.750 align:middle line:84% I've seen papers where they've used nonspecific 00:04:41.750 --> 00:04:42.620 align:middle line:90% third person pronouns. 00:04:42.620 --> 00:04:43.870 align:middle line:90% They just [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:04:43.870 --> 00:04:46.410 align:middle line:84% he/she all the time unless they're talking about a 00:04:46.410 --> 00:04:48.370 align:middle line:90% specific person. 00:04:48.370 --> 00:04:51.510 align:middle line:84% But in your case, when you're thinking about your themes, 00:04:51.510 --> 00:04:53.880 align:middle line:84% don't assume that your players are male. 00:04:53.880 --> 00:04:55.820 align:middle line:84% You can cast them in the role of a male. 00:04:55.820 --> 00:04:59.480 align:middle line:84% But don't assume that a player, itself is male. 00:04:59.480 --> 00:05:01.950 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So I'm just going to say-- 00:05:01.950 --> 00:05:02.700 align:middle line:90% put this out there. 00:05:02.700 --> 00:05:04.170 align:middle line:84% In the English language, it's actually 00:05:04.170 --> 00:05:06.420 align:middle line:90% very masculine oriented. 00:05:06.420 --> 00:05:09.670 align:middle line:84% So the proper way to say in a third person, if you're not 00:05:09.670 --> 00:05:12.530 align:middle line:84% saying one says this, it's actually 00:05:12.530 --> 00:05:13.790 align:middle line:90% appropriate to say he. 00:05:13.790 --> 00:05:16.470 align:middle line:84% That's actually proper in the English language. 00:05:16.470 --> 00:05:18.685 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: And I'm saying it's off-putting from a marketing 00:05:18.685 --> 00:05:22.990 align:middle line:84% standpoint to assume that your players is male. 00:05:22.990 --> 00:05:28.770 align:middle line:84% It goes more than just gender specific pronouns. 00:05:28.770 --> 00:05:30.310 align:middle line:90% It goes way more than that. 00:05:30.310 --> 00:05:31.560 align:middle line:84% There were a lot of assumptions-- 00:05:31.560 --> 00:05:34.630 align:middle line:90% 00:05:34.630 --> 00:05:37.970 align:middle line:84% there were specific rules that assumed that you were a 00:05:37.970 --> 00:05:40.470 align:middle line:84% straight male in a couple of games. 00:05:40.470 --> 00:05:43.794 align:middle line:90% So let's be clear about that. 00:05:43.794 --> 00:05:44.770 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:05:44.770 --> 00:05:46.740 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I was just going to mention that from what I've 00:05:46.740 --> 00:05:49.140 align:middle line:84% seen in a lot of rule books, it seems like a lot of people 00:05:49.140 --> 00:05:53.050 align:middle line:84% solve this problem by just replacing the assumption that 00:05:53.050 --> 00:05:54.660 align:middle line:84% the player's male with the assumption that 00:05:54.660 --> 00:05:57.380 align:middle line:90% the player's female. 00:05:57.380 --> 00:05:59.030 align:middle line:90% Yeah, I've noticed this. 00:05:59.030 --> 00:06:03.580 align:middle line:84% Every single pronoun in every like post second edition 00:06:03.580 --> 00:06:06.059 align:middle line:84% Dungeons and Dragons book is female. 00:06:06.059 --> 00:06:08.330 align:middle line:90% It's kind of interesting. 00:06:08.330 --> 00:06:10.380 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: That's actually kind of an interesting way to 00:06:10.380 --> 00:06:11.340 align:middle line:90% deal with it. 00:06:11.340 --> 00:06:12.960 align:middle line:84% It's just like you have a lampshade. 00:06:12.960 --> 00:06:15.630 align:middle line:84% You've got to use a pronoun, but we don't want to use 00:06:15.630 --> 00:06:18.240 align:middle line:84% language that's going to turn people off the game. 00:06:18.240 --> 00:06:19.680 align:middle line:84% So we just want to swap all the pronouns around. 00:06:19.680 --> 00:06:21.630 align:middle line:84% And all of a sudden, you actually have a more 00:06:21.630 --> 00:06:22.350 align:middle line:90% marketable game. 00:06:22.350 --> 00:06:25.535 align:middle line:84% You have a game where someone is going to read the rules. 00:06:25.535 --> 00:06:28.255 align:middle line:84% And if they're a straight male reading the 00:06:28.255 --> 00:06:30.300 align:middle line:90% rules, it's like OK. 00:06:30.300 --> 00:06:32.290 align:middle line:84% Clearly it just was a gender pronoun swap. 00:06:32.290 --> 00:06:36.550 align:middle line:84% But I can read these, and it makes sense. 00:06:36.550 --> 00:06:38.255 align:middle line:84% Whereas, someone who is not a straight 00:06:38.255 --> 00:06:39.360 align:middle line:90% male reading the rules. 00:06:39.360 --> 00:06:41.560 align:middle line:84% They're going, oh, this game is not for me. 00:06:41.560 --> 00:06:42.980 align:middle line:84% So I'm not going to play the game. 00:06:42.980 --> 00:06:46.130 align:middle line:84% That kind of reaction does happen. 00:06:46.130 --> 00:06:46.630 align:middle line:84% Board games are supposed to be inclusive. 00:06:46.630 --> 00:06:46.885 align:middle line:84% Board games and card cames are supposed to kind of like be 00:06:46.885 --> 00:06:54.800 align:middle line:84% these huge socially enabling games and [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:06:54.800 --> 00:06:55.990 align:middle line:90% So keep that in mind. 00:06:55.990 --> 00:06:57.822 align:middle line:84% You want people to feel welcome when 00:06:57.822 --> 00:06:58.965 align:middle line:90% they read the rules. 00:06:58.965 --> 00:06:59.880 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: If I could just interject. 00:06:59.880 --> 00:07:02.760 align:middle line:84% So something that I've seen that happens a lot in like 00:07:02.760 --> 00:07:06.572 align:middle line:84% [? bridge ?] literature, is they make your partner-- so 00:07:06.572 --> 00:07:08.410 align:middle line:84% one person, specifically, is female and 00:07:08.410 --> 00:07:09.625 align:middle line:90% the others are male. 00:07:09.625 --> 00:07:11.890 align:middle line:84% And that way, you kind of have this inclusivity. 00:07:11.890 --> 00:07:14.810 align:middle line:84% But that helps clarify who you're talking about. 00:07:14.810 --> 00:07:18.801 align:middle line:84% So if you are writing up examples, or sample turns, or 00:07:18.801 --> 00:07:20.573 align:middle line:84% that kind of thing, you can think about doing 00:07:20.573 --> 00:07:21.380 align:middle line:90% it that way as well. 00:07:21.380 --> 00:07:23.934 align:middle line:84% Because it does the whole inclusivity, but then again 00:07:23.934 --> 00:07:26.269 align:middle line:84% kind of clarifies who you're talking about in the set. 00:07:26.269 --> 00:07:29.080 align:middle line:90% 00:07:29.080 --> 00:07:30.540 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: And we're in university. 00:07:30.540 --> 00:07:32.740 align:middle line:84% We're trying to be professors about this. 00:07:32.740 --> 00:07:34.910 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I find it, generally, people's aversion 00:07:34.910 --> 00:07:43.639 align:middle line:84% to writing using pronouns, which are identity neutral 00:07:43.639 --> 00:07:48.372 align:middle line:84% specifically, people worry that there's an ambiguity 00:07:48.372 --> 00:07:49.821 align:middle line:90% between singular and plural. 00:07:49.821 --> 00:07:52.720 align:middle line:84% And that's why you shouldn't use that kind of pronoun. 00:07:52.720 --> 00:07:57.390 align:middle line:84% But, for the most part, it's almost always obvious when 00:07:57.390 --> 00:07:59.127 align:middle line:84% you're talking about one person [INAUDIBLE]. 00:07:59.127 --> 00:08:01.869 align:middle line:90% 00:08:01.869 --> 00:08:02.990 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I don't even see really why 00:08:02.990 --> 00:08:04.610 align:middle line:90% this is still an issue. 00:08:04.610 --> 00:08:04.810 align:middle line:90% GUEST SPEAKER: Yeah. 00:08:04.810 --> 00:08:07.060 align:middle line:84% It's one of those things where it's not technically correct 00:08:07.060 --> 00:08:09.000 align:middle line:84% to say if I'm referring to a single person 00:08:09.000 --> 00:08:11.035 align:middle line:90% to say they or their. 00:08:11.035 --> 00:08:16.165 align:middle line:84% But then, if you're reading, other people will say do that. 00:08:16.165 --> 00:08:18.951 align:middle line:84% A lot of people are just still using he or she now. 00:08:18.951 --> 00:08:20.352 align:middle line:90% It's certainly awkward. 00:08:20.352 --> 00:08:22.220 align:middle line:90% It's kind of [INAUDIBLE]. 00:08:22.220 --> 00:08:27.910 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: You can also use second person language-- you. 00:08:27.910 --> 00:08:30.265 align:middle line:84% When it's your turn, you blah blah blah. 00:08:30.265 --> 00:08:36.474 align:middle line:84% And also, the one player is a great substitue for all that. 00:08:36.474 --> 00:08:38.438 align:middle line:90% Say player one, player two. 00:08:38.438 --> 00:08:39.688 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:08:39.688 --> 00:08:43.840 align:middle line:90% 00:08:43.840 --> 00:08:44.780 align:middle line:90% And it's tough. 00:08:44.780 --> 00:08:46.110 align:middle line:84% It's tough to write stuff like this. 00:08:46.110 --> 00:08:48.990 align:middle line:84% But sometimes I find writing constraints, writing gets 00:08:48.990 --> 00:08:53.510 align:middle line:84% better because you're more focused on how your writing is 00:08:53.510 --> 00:08:54.480 align:middle line:90% going to be received. 00:08:54.480 --> 00:08:57.250 align:middle line:84% And we're, frankly, trying to encourage everything in your 00:08:57.250 --> 00:09:00.390 align:middle line:90% games to be better. 00:09:00.390 --> 00:09:04.200 align:middle line:84% I guess this is something that I hit on earlier. 00:09:04.200 --> 00:09:06.210 align:middle line:90% Try to go for short sentences. 00:09:06.210 --> 00:09:08.070 align:middle line:90% Not paragraphs or prose. 00:09:08.070 --> 00:09:10.030 align:middle line:84% Those are actually difficult to read when you're trying to 00:09:10.030 --> 00:09:13.210 align:middle line:84% also process what the moves are going to be. 00:09:13.210 --> 00:09:17.510 align:middle line:84% Go for active voice, rather than passive voice. 00:09:17.510 --> 00:09:20.925 align:middle line:84% I personally, automatically, write passive voice when I'm 00:09:20.925 --> 00:09:21.890 align:middle line:90% writing in a report. 00:09:21.890 --> 00:09:27.010 align:middle line:84% And I have to physically change myself and tell 00:09:27.010 --> 00:09:29.520 align:middle line:84% Microsoft Word to highlight every single instance of 00:09:29.520 --> 00:09:33.190 align:middle line:84% passive voice so that I can accurately correct that. 00:09:33.190 --> 00:09:35.220 align:middle line:84% Microsoft Word doesn't do a great job in highlighting 00:09:35.220 --> 00:09:36.240 align:middle line:90% every single instance. 00:09:36.240 --> 00:09:39.290 align:middle line:84% But if you do this often enough, you start picking it 00:09:39.290 --> 00:09:39.860 align:middle line:90% out yourself. 00:09:39.860 --> 00:09:42.270 align:middle line:90% It's actually easier to read. 00:09:42.270 --> 00:09:45.770 align:middle line:84% It's uncomfortable if you're moving from the field of 00:09:45.770 --> 00:09:50.390 align:middle line:84% writing chemical papers into writing for general public. 00:09:50.390 --> 00:09:53.562 align:middle line:84% But active voice is easier for someone to read. 00:09:53.562 --> 00:09:54.812 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:09:54.812 --> 00:09:57.734 align:middle line:90% 00:09:57.734 --> 00:10:00.810 align:middle line:84% This one I might need more help and detail. 00:10:00.810 --> 00:10:02.075 align:middle line:90% These substeps of actions. 00:10:02.075 --> 00:10:06.500 align:middle line:90% 00:10:06.500 --> 00:10:07.630 align:middle line:84% GUEST SPEAKER: When you're going through the 00:10:07.630 --> 00:10:10.010 align:middle line:84% instructions, it's really helpful to have numbered 00:10:10.010 --> 00:10:14.254 align:middle line:84% sequences instead of having a chunk of prose that's saying 00:10:14.254 --> 00:10:15.222 align:middle line:90% first do this. 00:10:15.222 --> 00:10:15.706 align:middle line:90% Then you do this. 00:10:15.706 --> 00:10:16.674 align:middle line:90% Just bullet point it. 00:10:16.674 --> 00:10:18.126 align:middle line:90% Or make it a numbered list. 00:10:18.126 --> 00:10:21.520 align:middle line:84% And it's a lot easier for people to follow. 00:10:21.520 --> 00:10:24.400 align:middle line:84% Generally speaking, bullets versus numbers. 00:10:24.400 --> 00:10:27.165 align:middle line:84% You should use a numbered list if a sequence really matters 00:10:27.165 --> 00:10:29.917 align:middle line:84% versus bulleted lists are more like these are the things that 00:10:29.917 --> 00:10:30.518 align:middle line:90% are important. 00:10:30.518 --> 00:10:32.434 align:middle line:84% But there's not necessarily a temporal relationship 00:10:32.434 --> 00:10:33.684 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:10:33.684 --> 00:10:35.790 align:middle line:90% 00:10:35.790 --> 00:10:37.410 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: So just some tips. 00:10:37.410 --> 00:10:41.260 align:middle line:84% In the end, every single game that we played, we could play. 00:10:41.260 --> 00:10:45.020 align:middle line:84% It didn't take us long to figure out what was necessary. 00:10:45.020 --> 00:10:46.475 align:middle line:90% The games were good. 00:10:46.475 --> 00:10:49.385 align:middle line:90% The games were entertaining. 00:10:49.385 --> 00:10:51.810 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:10:51.810 --> 00:10:52.780 align:middle line:84% extra people to come in and play. 00:10:52.780 --> 00:10:55.205 align:middle line:90% And we don't [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:10:55.205 --> 00:10:58.115 align:middle line:84% to play again just the two of us. 00:10:58.115 --> 00:10:59.090 align:middle line:90% Yeah. 00:10:59.090 --> 00:11:02.532 align:middle line:84% I'm actually really, really impressed because it's a 00:11:02.532 --> 00:11:02.780 align:middle line:90% marketing group. 00:11:02.780 --> 00:11:07.226 align:middle line:84% I know with previous classes [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:11:07.226 --> 00:11:10.190 align:middle line:90% [APPLAUSE] 00:11:10.190 --> 00:11:12.660 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:11:12.660 --> 00:11:15.380 align:middle line:90% Yay. 00:11:15.380 --> 00:11:15.740 align:middle line:90% All right. 00:11:15.740 --> 00:11:19.182 align:middle line:84% So that was the stuff on your assignment. 00:11:19.182 --> 00:11:22.990 align:middle line:84% And now onto intellectual property. 00:11:22.990 --> 00:11:27.202 align:middle line:84% Actually how many people figured out that we had given 00:11:27.202 --> 00:11:28.525 align:middle line:90% you the wrong chapter to read. 00:11:28.525 --> 00:11:29.845 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Yeah. 00:11:29.845 --> 00:11:30.280 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:11:30.280 --> 00:11:30.660 align:middle line:90% All right. 00:11:30.660 --> 00:11:32.320 align:middle line:84% For those of you who ended up rereading 00:11:32.320 --> 00:11:34.980 align:middle line:90% chapter three, I'm sorry. 00:11:34.980 --> 00:11:36.340 align:middle line:90% It's not a huge chapter. 00:11:36.340 --> 00:11:39.680 align:middle line:84% But I kind of want to talk about two different things, 00:11:39.680 --> 00:11:42.610 align:middle line:84% both of which are related to intellectual property. 00:11:42.610 --> 00:11:44.840 align:middle line:84% What is the version of intellectual property that 00:11:44.840 --> 00:11:47.380 align:middle line:90% presented to you in the book. 00:11:47.380 --> 00:11:55.630 align:middle line:84% In that sense, that's kind of the game designer concept of 00:11:55.630 --> 00:11:57.570 align:middle line:90% what intellectual property is. 00:11:57.570 --> 00:11:58.650 align:middle line:90% Often it means a franchise. 00:11:58.650 --> 00:12:04.090 align:middle line:84% Often it means somebody else's story wall or characters. 00:12:04.090 --> 00:12:07.330 align:middle line:84% Maybe it's real people and images, like the 00:12:07.330 --> 00:12:08.725 align:middle line:90% faces and the bodies. 00:12:08.725 --> 00:12:11.050 align:middle line:84% In sports games, you have to deal with that a lot. 00:12:11.050 --> 00:12:14.210 align:middle line:84% There was a conference this last weekend. 00:12:14.210 --> 00:12:20.100 align:middle line:84% And one of the old guards of the Boston game development 00:12:20.100 --> 00:12:24.080 align:middle line:84% team, who now runs iRacing, was talking about the amount 00:12:24.080 --> 00:12:27.232 align:middle line:84% of effort it takes to actually license a NASCAR car. 00:12:27.232 --> 00:12:28.520 align:middle line:90% Because it's not just a car. 00:12:28.520 --> 00:12:33.220 align:middle line:84% But every single logo that's on their car, and the person 00:12:33.220 --> 00:12:35.560 align:middle line:84% who's inside it, and the uniform that they're wearing, 00:12:35.560 --> 00:12:37.876 align:middle line:84% every single logo on their uniform, and their face. 00:12:37.876 --> 00:12:40.732 align:middle line:90% 00:12:40.732 --> 00:12:44.205 align:middle line:84% There's a lot that goes into licensing for that. 00:12:44.205 --> 00:12:46.765 align:middle line:84% It helps that the person who now owns iRacing is also the 00:12:46.765 --> 00:12:48.698 align:middle line:84% same person who owns the Red Sox. 00:12:48.698 --> 00:12:53.420 align:middle line:84% So they've got the bank roll to be able to do all of this. 00:12:53.420 --> 00:12:57.620 align:middle line:84% But that's the idea of what IP is from 00:12:57.620 --> 00:12:58.920 align:middle line:90% industry point of view. 00:12:58.920 --> 00:13:01.810 align:middle line:84% And there's a couple of things that you can 00:13:01.810 --> 00:13:06.040 align:middle line:90% do to consider that. 00:13:06.040 --> 00:13:08.770 align:middle line:84% Not just all right, how do we design this game so that we 00:13:08.770 --> 00:13:12.290 align:middle line:84% can minimize how much IP we need to license? 00:13:12.290 --> 00:13:16.275 align:middle line:84% Licensing IP generally means licensing money that needs to 00:13:16.275 --> 00:13:17.640 align:middle line:90% be exchanged. 00:13:17.640 --> 00:13:21.010 align:middle line:84% That means that your splitting up their royalties or you're 00:13:21.010 --> 00:13:22.310 align:middle line:84% just putting up money up front. 00:13:22.310 --> 00:13:24.550 align:middle line:84% Of course, this goes for things like licensed music, 00:13:24.550 --> 00:13:24.860 align:middle line:90% for instance. 00:13:24.860 --> 00:13:26.770 align:middle line:84% EA has an entire music department. 00:13:26.770 --> 00:13:28.400 align:middle line:84% Sega has an entire music department. 00:13:28.400 --> 00:13:31.175 align:middle line:84% Its job is either to create their own music, or more 00:13:31.175 --> 00:13:34.380 align:middle line:90% likely, license popular music. 00:13:34.380 --> 00:13:37.950 align:middle line:84% And, of course, with Harmonix, that's half the 00:13:37.950 --> 00:13:39.560 align:middle line:90% business right there. 00:13:39.560 --> 00:13:42.786 align:middle line:84% Probably be bought, at this point. 00:13:42.786 --> 00:13:44.790 align:middle line:84% The other thing they can do is that, assuming that you are 00:13:44.790 --> 00:13:45.660 align:middle line:90% working with a license. 00:13:45.660 --> 00:13:47.540 align:middle line:84% And the reason why you're working with licensing-- 00:13:47.540 --> 00:13:51.160 align:middle line:84% think of Star Wars, which came up in the last class. 00:13:51.160 --> 00:13:52.640 align:middle line:90% How do we do justice to it? 00:13:52.640 --> 00:13:55.550 align:middle line:84% How do we sort of make sure that the fans of those 00:13:55.550 --> 00:14:00.000 align:middle line:84% particular intellectual property franchises are going 00:14:00.000 --> 00:14:02.960 align:middle line:84% to look at this game that we're creating, and say, yeah, 00:14:02.960 --> 00:14:04.160 align:middle line:90% that's faithful? 00:14:04.160 --> 00:14:06.050 align:middle line:90% That makes sense. 00:14:06.050 --> 00:14:08.630 align:middle line:84% We'll be actually playing a lot more of those games, I 00:14:08.630 --> 00:14:10.410 align:middle line:90% think, later on. 00:14:10.410 --> 00:14:13.200 align:middle line:84% For things like Battlestar Gallactica. 00:14:13.200 --> 00:14:17.330 align:middle line:84% But let's take LEGO Star Wars as one example. 00:14:17.330 --> 00:14:19.810 align:middle line:84% If you're a fan of LEGO then, you're probably a fan of 00:14:19.810 --> 00:14:22.030 align:middle line:84% building things up with little tiny blocks. 00:14:22.030 --> 00:14:25.570 align:middle line:90% You like making stuff combine. 00:14:25.570 --> 00:14:28.990 align:middle line:84% And you kind of like the whole blockiness, that look of it. 00:14:28.990 --> 00:14:31.390 align:middle line:84% So the folks who made LEGO Star Wars-- 00:14:31.390 --> 00:14:33.256 align:middle line:84% I think they are called Traveller's Tales. 00:14:33.256 --> 00:14:35.972 align:middle line:84% And LEGO Indiana Jones and those there 00:14:35.972 --> 00:14:37.163 align:middle line:90% was a bunch of games-- 00:14:37.163 --> 00:14:39.860 align:middle line:90% kind of had to play that up. 00:14:39.860 --> 00:14:41.520 align:middle line:84% They made a lot of obstacles in the game. 00:14:41.520 --> 00:14:45.010 align:middle line:84% Things that you had to put together with parts. 00:14:45.010 --> 00:14:48.390 align:middle line:84% Sure, it is holding one button into assemble it from a bunch 00:14:48.390 --> 00:14:49.480 align:middle line:90% of disconnected parts. 00:14:49.480 --> 00:14:52.760 align:middle line:84% But creating all that animation and sort of making-- 00:14:52.760 --> 00:14:55.320 align:middle line:84% this is one of the main game mechanics of the entire game 00:14:55.320 --> 00:14:57.380 align:middle line:84% was a decision they had to make. and they're very 00:14:57.380 --> 00:14:59.750 align:middle line:84% consciously making that because with LEGO, we're going 00:14:59.750 --> 00:15:01.980 align:middle line:84% to assume people are going to make things. 00:15:01.980 --> 00:15:05.460 align:middle line:84% And then you find parts in the entire game that you can later 00:15:05.460 --> 00:15:08.480 align:middle line:84% go back to a trophy room and can see your trophies, 00:15:08.480 --> 00:15:11.830 align:middle line:84% statues, and objects from the game builds that you're trying 00:15:11.830 --> 00:15:14.080 align:middle line:90% to do sort of built up. 00:15:14.080 --> 00:15:16.430 align:middle line:84% So the more parts you find-- they're like the hidden 00:15:16.430 --> 00:15:18.650 align:middle line:84% collectibles that you find in Grand Theft Auto. 00:15:18.650 --> 00:15:21.110 align:middle line:84% They're kind of hidden away in secret locations. 00:15:21.110 --> 00:15:22.810 align:middle line:90% And you find more of them-- 00:15:22.810 --> 00:15:25.510 align:middle line:84% you go back to your trophy room and oh, wow, your X-wing. 00:15:25.510 --> 00:15:26.910 align:middle line:90% Or you have part of an X-wing. 00:15:26.910 --> 00:15:28.400 align:middle line:90% You haven't found half of it. 00:15:28.400 --> 00:15:30.810 align:middle line:84% So all you've got are the wings. 00:15:30.810 --> 00:15:34.600 align:middle line:84% And none of the guns or something like that. 00:15:34.600 --> 00:15:37.240 align:middle line:84% They've actually figured out a way how that weaves back into 00:15:37.240 --> 00:15:43.160 align:middle line:84% basic game mechanics but is still appealing to LEGO fans. 00:15:43.160 --> 00:15:45.840 align:middle line:84% If you get chopped in half by a lightsaber, 00:15:45.840 --> 00:15:47.170 align:middle line:90% you fall into pieces. 00:15:47.170 --> 00:15:49.830 align:middle line:90% You don't actually bleed. 00:15:49.830 --> 00:15:54.670 align:middle line:84% When the characters walk, they actually walk like that. 00:15:54.670 --> 00:15:55.910 align:middle line:84% They're a little bit more flexible 00:15:55.910 --> 00:15:57.290 align:middle line:90% than actual LEGO pieces. 00:15:57.290 --> 00:15:59.475 align:middle line:84% They don't just move down like the right angles. 00:15:59.475 --> 00:16:02.010 align:middle line:90% 00:16:02.010 --> 00:16:02.970 align:middle line:90% But they try. 00:16:02.970 --> 00:16:04.350 align:middle line:84% They try really, really hard to make 00:16:04.350 --> 00:16:05.600 align:middle line:90% everything look plasticy. 00:16:05.600 --> 00:16:08.110 align:middle line:90% 00:16:08.110 --> 00:16:09.100 align:middle line:90% And it's [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:16:09.100 --> 00:16:10.170 align:middle line:84% The same thing goes with Star Wars. 00:16:10.170 --> 00:16:11.350 align:middle line:90% Right? 00:16:11.350 --> 00:16:15.730 align:middle line:84% What are the things that people expect from Star Wars? 00:16:15.730 --> 00:16:16.460 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Lightsabers. 00:16:16.460 --> 00:16:17.200 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Lightsabers. 00:16:17.200 --> 00:16:17.890 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:16:17.890 --> 00:16:19.110 align:middle line:90% Anything else? 00:16:19.110 --> 00:16:19.900 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: The Force. 00:16:19.900 --> 00:16:20.520 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: The Force. 00:16:20.520 --> 00:16:22.390 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:16:22.390 --> 00:16:23.240 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Darth Vader. 00:16:23.240 --> 00:16:23.870 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Darth Vader. 00:16:23.870 --> 00:16:25.110 align:middle line:90% You've got to have Darth-- 00:16:25.110 --> 00:16:28.520 align:middle line:84% Well, they're doing it on the Episodes Four, Five, and Six. 00:16:28.520 --> 00:16:31.930 align:middle line:84% Actually, I believe Darth Vader is still unlockable on 00:16:31.930 --> 00:16:34.360 align:middle line:84% Episode One, Two, and Three because people expect there to 00:16:34.360 --> 00:16:36.260 align:middle line:90% be a Darth Vader. 00:16:36.260 --> 00:16:37.580 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Generally, they use the main 00:16:37.580 --> 00:16:38.850 align:middle line:90% characters from the films. 00:16:38.850 --> 00:16:42.350 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Yeah, the main characters from films. 00:16:42.350 --> 00:16:43.320 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Dog fights. 00:16:43.320 --> 00:16:43.540 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Dog fights? 00:16:43.540 --> 00:16:45.220 align:middle line:90% You mean like-- 00:16:45.220 --> 00:16:47.520 align:middle line:84% that's actually interesting because I believe they 00:16:47.520 --> 00:16:48.770 align:middle line:90% actually didn't do that. 00:16:48.770 --> 00:16:51.490 align:middle line:90% 00:16:51.490 --> 00:16:53.620 align:middle line:84% They didn't manage to put that in. 00:16:53.620 --> 00:16:55.375 align:middle line:84% But in a lot of other Lucas games they did. 00:16:55.375 --> 00:16:58.924 align:middle line:84% They focused mostly on space fights. 00:16:58.924 --> 00:17:00.298 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:17:00.298 --> 00:17:00.760 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Catch phrases. 00:17:00.760 --> 00:17:02.400 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Catch phrases. 00:17:02.400 --> 00:17:04.890 align:middle line:84% I think they've weaved the catch phrases into the names 00:17:04.890 --> 00:17:07.420 align:middle line:84% of the levels because they can't-- 00:17:07.420 --> 00:17:09.695 align:middle line:90% not that [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:17:09.695 --> 00:17:11.742 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Nobody ever says, I've got a bad 00:17:11.742 --> 00:17:13.310 align:middle line:90% feeling about this? 00:17:13.310 --> 00:17:14.770 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I think there's a title of a level that says, 00:17:14.770 --> 00:17:16.430 align:middle line:84% I've got a bad feeling about this. 00:17:16.430 --> 00:17:17.420 align:middle line:90% Because there's no dialog. 00:17:17.420 --> 00:17:19.540 align:middle line:90% No one says anything. 00:17:19.540 --> 00:17:22.966 align:middle line:84% The only thing that says anything is R2-D2. 00:17:22.966 --> 00:17:25.574 align:middle line:90% And that's just a voice over. 00:17:25.574 --> 00:17:27.800 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Actually, I have a really good example of catch 00:17:27.800 --> 00:17:31.930 align:middle line:84% phrases in, I think Rogue Squadron on Nintendo 64. 00:17:31.930 --> 00:17:35.015 align:middle line:84% There's this line in the Star Wars movies, where Luke is 00:17:35.015 --> 00:17:37.200 align:middle line:84% like, that stabilizer's broken loose. 00:17:37.200 --> 00:17:38.650 align:middle line:90% If you can, lock it down. 00:17:38.650 --> 00:17:40.845 align:middle line:84% Every like second time you get shot, 00:17:40.845 --> 00:17:42.260 align:middle line:90% they play that recording. 00:17:42.260 --> 00:17:44.400 align:middle line:90% [LAUGHTER] 00:17:44.400 --> 00:17:46.400 align:middle line:84% And it just even like cut scene you where this other 00:17:46.400 --> 00:17:49.530 align:middle line:84% pilot is like, Luke, my stabilizer's broken loose. 00:17:49.530 --> 00:17:52.400 align:middle line:84% And he's like, see if you can't have your R2 00:17:52.400 --> 00:17:52.880 align:middle line:90% unit lock it down. 00:17:52.880 --> 00:17:55.770 align:middle line:90% [LAUGHTER] 00:17:55.770 --> 00:18:01.560 align:middle line:84% So yeah, I mean a good example of the worst end is that game. 00:18:01.560 --> 00:18:04.670 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: You can over do it. 00:18:04.670 --> 00:18:06.460 align:middle line:84% I'm trying to remember how the force works. 00:18:06.460 --> 00:18:10.097 align:middle line:84% I think you can assemble LEGO blocks from a distance in Star 00:18:10.097 --> 00:18:12.910 align:middle line:84% Wars if you're playing Obi-Wan. 00:18:12.910 --> 00:18:15.520 align:middle line:84% It's kind of, "oooo." And then, [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:18:15.520 --> 00:18:17.290 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [LAUGHTER] 00:18:17.290 --> 00:18:19.520 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Call Yoda. 00:18:19.520 --> 00:18:21.860 align:middle line:84% Obviously, Darth Vader is in there. 00:18:21.860 --> 00:18:24.050 align:middle line:84% Darth Vader is in the first cut scene, obviously. 00:18:24.050 --> 00:18:25.420 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Yoda is? 00:18:25.420 --> 00:18:27.120 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah. 00:18:27.120 --> 00:18:29.030 align:middle line:84% All the big characters have got to be there, right? 00:18:29.030 --> 00:18:29.840 align:middle line:90% You've got to have your Luke. 00:18:29.840 --> 00:18:31.210 align:middle line:90% You've got to have your C-3PO. 00:18:31.210 --> 00:18:33.260 align:middle line:84% And the interesting thing about every LEGO game-- 00:18:33.260 --> 00:18:36.710 align:middle line:84% this is a nice mix between LEGO and Star Wars is that you 00:18:36.710 --> 00:18:39.150 align:middle line:84% can play any level with any character. 00:18:39.150 --> 00:18:42.605 align:middle line:84% So after you've beaten it once, I think you unlock the 00:18:42.605 --> 00:18:45.440 align:middle line:84% ability to swap characters in, which is more of a LEGO kind 00:18:45.440 --> 00:18:46.090 align:middle line:90% of thing, right? 00:18:46.090 --> 00:18:48.250 align:middle line:84% I'm just going to take the characters from the Harry 00:18:48.250 --> 00:18:51.130 align:middle line:84% Potter set and put them in the LEGO Star Wars game and see 00:18:51.130 --> 00:18:52.590 align:middle line:90% what happens. 00:18:52.590 --> 00:18:55.290 align:middle line:84% But that's one thing that you get. 00:18:55.290 --> 00:18:56.550 align:middle line:84% You get to unlock all these characters. 00:18:56.550 --> 00:18:58.655 align:middle line:84% So you can play the whole game with [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:18:58.655 --> 00:19:03.400 align:middle line:90% 00:19:03.400 --> 00:19:05.110 align:middle line:84% GUEST SPEAKER: You want to add the locales? 00:19:05.110 --> 00:19:06.040 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:19:06.040 --> 00:19:06.220 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Oh yeah. 00:19:06.220 --> 00:19:07.470 align:middle line:90% The locations. 00:19:07.470 --> 00:19:11.290 align:middle line:90% 00:19:11.290 --> 00:19:14.390 align:middle line:84% At least some acknowledgment that there is some sequence of 00:19:14.390 --> 00:19:15.820 align:middle line:90% when people go to each locale. 00:19:15.820 --> 00:19:18.120 align:middle line:84% GUEST SPEAKER: Yeah, the LEGO games, in particular, 00:19:18.120 --> 00:19:21.040 align:middle line:84% basically, follow the events of the movies, specifically. 00:19:21.040 --> 00:19:23.700 align:middle line:84% So it's like each separate event in the movie is kind of 00:19:23.700 --> 00:19:26.410 align:middle line:90% it's own level. 00:19:26.410 --> 00:19:28.340 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Mos Eisley Cantina is one 00:19:28.340 --> 00:19:29.390 align:middle line:90% chunk of this one level. 00:19:29.390 --> 00:19:32.752 align:middle line:84% And you beat that, and you're going to-- what happens after 00:19:32.752 --> 00:19:33.962 align:middle line:90% the cantina? 00:19:33.962 --> 00:19:37.350 align:middle line:90% [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:19:37.350 --> 00:19:38.600 align:middle line:90% Tatooine. 00:19:38.600 --> 00:19:40.840 align:middle line:90% 00:19:40.840 --> 00:19:43.170 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Probably in some Death Star. 00:19:43.170 --> 00:19:44.110 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Death Star yeah. 00:19:44.110 --> 00:19:46.582 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Oh right, right. 00:19:46.582 --> 00:19:49.080 align:middle line:84% I was going to say, someone should invent a game where it 00:19:49.080 --> 00:19:51.554 align:middle line:90% has all the LEGO games. 00:19:51.554 --> 00:19:52.462 align:middle line:84% And you can any of the characters, interchangably 00:19:52.462 --> 00:19:53.370 align:middle line:90% between them. 00:19:53.370 --> 00:19:55.180 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Well, there's one company that already has 00:19:55.180 --> 00:19:56.510 align:middle line:90% technology for that. 00:19:56.510 --> 00:19:59.330 align:middle line:84% And I would to see LEGO Star Wars slash Indiana Jones. 00:19:59.330 --> 00:20:03.120 align:middle line:90% 00:20:03.120 --> 00:20:04.415 align:middle line:84% Even better you can change [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:20:04.415 --> 00:20:07.838 align:middle line:84% Indiana Jones, which is about it. 00:20:07.838 --> 00:20:09.332 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Like take off the hat. 00:20:09.332 --> 00:20:09.830 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Blaster? 00:20:09.830 --> 00:20:12.330 align:middle line:90% Whip! 00:20:12.330 --> 00:20:14.680 align:middle line:84% One thing which these particular games have done a 00:20:14.680 --> 00:20:16.110 align:middle line:84% really good job with is they'll always 00:20:16.110 --> 00:20:17.390 align:middle line:90% bring the music over. 00:20:17.390 --> 00:20:20.090 align:middle line:84% Actually, every single Star Wars game has been very, very 00:20:20.090 --> 00:20:22.710 align:middle line:84% careful about making sure that it sounds like Star Wars. 00:20:22.710 --> 00:20:25.246 align:middle line:84% The sound effects and the music. 00:20:25.246 --> 00:20:26.560 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 00:20:26.560 --> 00:20:29.990 align:middle line:84% A lot of it is actually developed with the Lucas Arts 00:20:29.990 --> 00:20:33.680 align:middle line:84% license, which is, obviously, under the Lucas umbrella. 00:20:33.680 --> 00:20:37.090 align:middle line:84% So it makes it a little bit easier. 00:20:37.090 --> 00:20:43.860 align:middle line:84% The company of the whole Lucas family, Lucas Arts, Lucas Film 00:20:43.860 --> 00:20:47.940 align:middle line:84% is actually really, really tightly centrally controlled 00:20:47.940 --> 00:20:48.980 align:middle line:90% by Lucas, himself. 00:20:48.980 --> 00:20:50.540 align:middle line:84% Partly for quality control, partly for 00:20:50.540 --> 00:20:53.570 align:middle line:90% control freak issues. 00:20:53.570 --> 00:20:57.320 align:middle line:84% In the end, what it does make it really, really easy as for 00:20:57.320 --> 00:21:01.288 align:middle line:84% say-- how many folks paid for The Force Unleashed? 00:21:01.288 --> 00:21:02.212 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: The live action trailer was awesome. 00:21:02.212 --> 00:21:04.060 align:middle line:90% The second one? 00:21:04.060 --> 00:21:06.186 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Oh, I haven't seen live action trailer. 00:21:06.186 --> 00:21:08.222 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [UNINTELLIGIBLE] they blend the in-game footage 00:21:08.222 --> 00:21:09.287 align:middle line:84% and live action to get back and forth. 00:21:09.287 --> 00:21:13.366 align:middle line:84% And it's really hard to tell where [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:21:13.366 --> 00:21:15.150 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I actually wonder whether the character is 00:21:15.150 --> 00:21:17.170 align:middle line:84% actually based on the case of the real world. 00:21:17.170 --> 00:21:18.700 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: It must be because it's the exact same face. 00:21:18.700 --> 00:21:19.950 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:21:19.950 --> 00:21:21.560 align:middle line:90% 00:21:21.560 --> 00:21:25.751 align:middle line:84% A lot of the assets that are used in the movies were 00:21:25.751 --> 00:21:27.190 align:middle line:90% brought over into the game. 00:21:27.190 --> 00:21:29.920 align:middle line:84% Obviously with with some tweaks to make it run better 00:21:29.920 --> 00:21:31.380 align:middle line:90% in the game. 00:21:31.380 --> 00:21:34.610 align:middle line:84% A lot of stuff in the force unleashed, like when you use 00:21:34.610 --> 00:21:37.859 align:middle line:84% your force power and smash things, which is actually most 00:21:37.859 --> 00:21:40.500 align:middle line:90% of the game, if I recall. 00:21:40.500 --> 00:21:43.040 align:middle line:84% A lot of that same technology is actually technology that 00:21:43.040 --> 00:21:46.610 align:middle line:84% they use in the films to simulate things being smashed. 00:21:46.610 --> 00:21:49.970 align:middle line:84% That being said, that particular example is probably 00:21:49.970 --> 00:21:52.310 align:middle line:84% not even a good instance of something that any player is 00:21:52.310 --> 00:21:52.710 align:middle line:90% going to notice. 00:21:52.710 --> 00:21:55.410 align:middle line:84% It's like, why do I care that things that are breaking in 00:21:55.410 --> 00:21:58.380 align:middle line:84% the game, break exactly the same way in the movie? 00:21:58.380 --> 00:21:59.630 align:middle line:90% But they do. 00:21:59.630 --> 00:22:02.550 align:middle line:90% 00:22:02.550 --> 00:22:04.230 align:middle line:84% More usefully you see art assets. 00:22:04.230 --> 00:22:08.055 align:middle line:84% You see the same concept art moving between the games, 00:22:08.055 --> 00:22:08.960 align:middle line:90% moving smoothly. 00:22:08.960 --> 00:22:11.730 align:middle line:84% Traveller's Tales is actually an illegal Star Wars game. 00:22:11.730 --> 00:22:14.080 align:middle line:84% They're a little bit further out. 00:22:14.080 --> 00:22:15.580 align:middle line:84% Obviously, those are third party. 00:22:15.580 --> 00:22:17.390 align:middle line:84% Those are separate from the Lucas family. 00:22:17.390 --> 00:22:21.340 align:middle line:84% They had to actually license both LEGO and Star Wars. 00:22:21.340 --> 00:22:24.050 align:middle line:84% But they already had a relationship with Star Wars. 00:22:24.050 --> 00:22:25.350 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:22:25.350 --> 00:22:28.445 align:middle line:84% So it was a little bit easier for them to negotiate that. 00:22:28.445 --> 00:22:31.790 align:middle line:84% And as a game developer issue issue, I believe, with the 00:22:31.790 --> 00:22:33.810 align:middle line:84% [UNINTELLIGIBLE] and how they actually managed that. 00:22:33.810 --> 00:22:39.500 align:middle line:90% 00:22:39.500 --> 00:22:42.880 align:middle line:84% Again, they're going to be very, very capital. 00:22:42.880 --> 00:22:45.308 align:middle line:84% Even though it's not Lucas's own company, they're going to 00:22:45.308 --> 00:22:49.060 align:middle line:84% be very, very capital and at least matching up with Lucas's 00:22:49.060 --> 00:22:51.660 align:middle line:90% control of the product. 00:22:51.660 --> 00:22:55.440 align:middle line:84% And if you're a developer working with a license, often, 00:22:55.440 --> 00:22:58.590 align:middle line:84% it's just a long process of just earning trust back from 00:22:58.590 --> 00:23:01.090 align:middle line:90% the original license holders. 00:23:01.090 --> 00:23:01.580 align:middle line:90% [? Jason Beam ?] 00:23:01.580 --> 00:23:04.130 align:middle line:84% is actually a partner entering this lab. 00:23:04.130 --> 00:23:09.900 align:middle line:84% And he used to work with THQ, which made a lot of DS and Wii 00:23:09.900 --> 00:23:15.560 align:middle line:84% titles, specifically on Disney and Pixar products. 00:23:15.560 --> 00:23:19.330 align:middle line:84% One problem with the DS is that it doesn't have a huge 00:23:19.330 --> 00:23:23.500 align:middle line:84% amount of 3D processing quality. 00:23:23.500 --> 00:23:27.334 align:middle line:84% Whereas, obviously Pixar movies have all the power in 00:23:27.334 --> 00:23:30.060 align:middle line:84% the world to do awesome looking 3D. 00:23:30.060 --> 00:23:33.080 align:middle line:84% So some of the tricks that they have to do to be able to 00:23:33.080 --> 00:23:34.650 align:middle line:90% get the characters-- 00:23:34.650 --> 00:23:39.990 align:middle line:84% to be faithful to the characters in the movie are 00:23:39.990 --> 00:23:40.890 align:middle line:90% kind of interesting. 00:23:40.890 --> 00:23:44.660 align:middle line:84% So the folks who work for Pixar films-- 00:23:44.660 --> 00:23:47.460 align:middle line:84% a lot of them have these opening and closing sequences 00:23:47.460 --> 00:23:50.410 align:middle line:84% that are actually animated in completely different style. 00:23:50.410 --> 00:23:52.835 align:middle line:84% Maybe it's hand drawn, maybe it's paper cutouts. 00:23:52.835 --> 00:23:55.540 align:middle line:90% 00:23:55.540 --> 00:23:59.306 align:middle line:84% And those are still emblematic of Pixar style, even though 00:23:59.306 --> 00:24:03.600 align:middle line:84% they're not super 3D, realistically rendered. 00:24:03.600 --> 00:24:07.340 align:middle line:84% And a lot of DS games that [? Jason Beam ?] worked out 00:24:07.340 --> 00:24:08.480 align:middle line:90% will use those tricks. 00:24:08.480 --> 00:24:09.360 align:middle line:90% They'll make a game. 00:24:09.360 --> 00:24:12.220 align:middle line:84% Instead of making it look like it's all 3D, you can make it 00:24:12.220 --> 00:24:16.690 align:middle line:84% look like it's all cut out of cardboard because that's part 00:24:16.690 --> 00:24:18.400 align:middle line:90% of the movies. 00:24:18.400 --> 00:24:20.985 align:middle line:84% And the DS has a much easier time with that. 00:24:20.985 --> 00:24:23.780 align:middle line:90% 00:24:23.780 --> 00:24:27.430 align:middle line:84% One thing that's kind of useful when you're thinking 00:24:27.430 --> 00:24:31.580 align:middle line:84% about what to take from a franchise or license is to 00:24:31.580 --> 00:24:37.920 align:middle line:84% look at the verbs that come out from that franchise. 00:24:37.920 --> 00:24:39.290 align:middle line:90% I think we have enough time. 00:24:39.290 --> 00:24:44.320 align:middle line:84% I'd like to do an exercise where we pick out a franchise. 00:24:44.320 --> 00:24:48.860 align:middle line:84% And you just try to come up with a bunch of verbs that 00:24:48.860 --> 00:24:52.820 align:middle line:84% make that franchise unique or at least you expect to see in 00:24:52.820 --> 00:24:55.010 align:middle line:90% a franchise. 00:24:55.010 --> 00:24:56.520 align:middle line:90% But I'd like some examples. 00:24:56.520 --> 00:24:59.490 align:middle line:84% I'm going to just start with movies and see if you can get 00:24:59.490 --> 00:25:03.740 align:middle line:84% at least one that everyone's fairly familiar with. 00:25:03.740 --> 00:25:07.375 align:middle line:84% And if not, then I'll try books or other kinds of media 00:25:07.375 --> 00:25:08.310 align:middle line:90% properties. 00:25:08.310 --> 00:25:11.080 align:middle line:84% Anyone want to throw out a movie that maybe everyone in 00:25:11.080 --> 00:25:13.250 align:middle line:90% here should be familiar with? 00:25:13.250 --> 00:25:14.340 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Independence Day. 00:25:14.340 --> 00:25:15.810 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Independence Day? 00:25:15.810 --> 00:25:19.180 align:middle line:84% Has anyone not seen Independence Day? 00:25:19.180 --> 00:25:20.430 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:25:20.430 --> 00:25:22.180 align:middle line:90% 00:25:22.180 --> 00:25:24.180 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Actually, let's just throw out a few 00:25:24.180 --> 00:25:25.180 align:middle line:90% brainstorming ideas. 00:25:25.180 --> 00:25:26.180 align:middle line:90% There's Independence Day. 00:25:26.180 --> 00:25:27.430 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:25:27.430 --> 00:25:29.320 align:middle line:90% 00:25:29.320 --> 00:25:32.542 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I'm going to go this way. 00:25:32.542 --> 00:25:34.957 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Ferris Bueller's Day Off. 00:25:34.957 --> 00:25:36.406 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Twilight. 00:25:36.406 --> 00:25:37.800 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:25:37.800 --> 00:25:39.910 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Lord of the Rings. 00:25:39.910 --> 00:25:40.640 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Inception. 00:25:40.640 --> 00:25:42.530 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Iron Man. 00:25:42.530 --> 00:25:43.310 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: The Matrix. 00:25:43.310 --> 00:25:43.520 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:25:43.520 --> 00:25:44.350 align:middle line:90% We hit some in there. 00:25:44.350 --> 00:25:46.240 align:middle line:84% And I think that's all I can remember. 00:25:46.240 --> 00:25:52.036 align:middle line:84% So Inception, Iron Man, The Matrix, Ferris Bueller's Day 00:25:52.036 --> 00:25:58.330 align:middle line:84% Off, Independence Day, Twilight, Lord of the Rings. 00:25:58.330 --> 00:26:00.900 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I've never seen Twilight. 00:26:00.900 --> 00:26:02.140 align:middle line:90% I'm going to pick Inception. 00:26:02.140 --> 00:26:04.194 align:middle line:90% Who has not seen Inception? 00:26:04.194 --> 00:26:05.150 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: You should. 00:26:05.150 --> 00:26:06.460 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: You haven't seen Inception? 00:26:06.460 --> 00:26:08.020 align:middle line:90% [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:26:08.020 --> 00:26:10.310 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Which have you seen? 00:26:10.310 --> 00:26:14.266 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I've seen all the other ones. 00:26:14.266 --> 00:26:15.700 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:26:15.700 --> 00:26:19.524 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: My problem with The Matrix [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:26:19.524 --> 00:26:21.030 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Has everyone seen Ferris Bueller's Day Off? 00:26:21.030 --> 00:26:22.464 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Nope. 00:26:22.464 --> 00:26:23.420 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Have you seen it? 00:26:23.420 --> 00:26:24.376 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Nope. 00:26:24.376 --> 00:26:25.626 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:26:25.626 --> 00:26:28.210 align:middle line:90% 00:26:28.210 --> 00:26:28.750 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Monty Python, yeah. 00:26:28.750 --> 00:26:29.930 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Monty Python? 00:26:29.930 --> 00:26:31.480 align:middle line:84% Does anyone not know Monty Python? 00:26:31.480 --> 00:26:32.170 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Wait-- 00:26:32.170 --> 00:26:33.150 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:26:33.150 --> 00:26:34.980 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: --Holy Grail. 00:26:34.980 --> 00:26:35.550 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:26:35.550 --> 00:26:36.535 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Home Alone. 00:26:36.535 --> 00:26:37.785 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:26:37.785 --> 00:26:40.840 align:middle line:90% 00:26:40.840 --> 00:26:42.562 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: There might have been a Home Alone game, but I 00:26:42.562 --> 00:26:44.540 align:middle line:90% bet no one here has played it. 00:26:44.540 --> 00:26:45.500 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: I have. 00:26:45.500 --> 00:26:46.460 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [LAUGHTER] 00:26:46.460 --> 00:26:48.860 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:26:48.860 --> 00:26:50.620 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: That is impressive. 00:26:50.620 --> 00:26:52.470 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: They're for the original Game Boy. 00:26:52.470 --> 00:26:54.000 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Oh, okay. 00:26:54.000 --> 00:26:54.950 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: It's actually one of the first Game Boy games my 00:26:54.950 --> 00:26:56.090 align:middle line:90% brother ever got. 00:26:56.090 --> 00:26:56.410 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: That's old. 00:26:56.410 --> 00:26:57.930 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Yeah. 00:26:57.930 --> 00:27:00.566 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:27:00.566 --> 00:27:03.068 align:middle line:84% Let me try Lord of the Rings but maybe a specific Lord of 00:27:03.068 --> 00:27:04.695 align:middle line:90% the Rings movie. 00:27:04.695 --> 00:27:15.440 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [TRANSPOSING VOICES] 00:27:15.440 --> 00:27:15.910 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: --The Matrix. 00:27:15.910 --> 00:27:17.550 align:middle line:90% How about The Matrix. 00:27:17.550 --> 00:27:18.955 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: No, the problem with The Matrix is that there 00:27:18.955 --> 00:27:21.238 align:middle line:90% are too many games on it. 00:27:21.238 --> 00:27:23.720 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: The Two Towers? 00:27:23.720 --> 00:27:25.580 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I'm really curious about Ferris Bueller's 00:27:25.580 --> 00:27:29.265 align:middle line:90% Day Off as a game. 00:27:29.265 --> 00:27:33.050 align:middle line:84% If somebody would like to volunteer a quick summary of 00:27:33.050 --> 00:27:35.776 align:middle line:84% what Ferris Bueller's Day Off is about? 00:27:35.776 --> 00:27:37.060 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Which is Matthew -- 00:27:37.060 --> 00:27:38.980 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:27:38.980 --> 00:27:39.500 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Well, OK. 00:27:39.500 --> 00:27:42.540 align:middle line:84% So the basic idea is the main character is Ferris Bueller 00:27:42.540 --> 00:27:45.390 align:middle line:90% played by Matthew Broderick. 00:27:45.390 --> 00:27:51.710 align:middle line:84% The idea is that he's the infamously super popular like 00:27:51.710 --> 00:27:53.850 align:middle line:90% class clown kid in school. 00:27:53.850 --> 00:27:58.420 align:middle line:84% And he decides to just play hooky with, essentially, his 00:27:58.420 --> 00:28:00.200 align:middle line:84% girlfriend and his best friend. 00:28:00.200 --> 00:28:03.130 align:middle line:84% And the whole movie is them going around the city getting 00:28:03.130 --> 00:28:07.240 align:middle line:84% into wacky misadventures while the principal tries to catch 00:28:07.240 --> 00:28:09.620 align:middle line:84% him playing hooky because he hates him. 00:28:09.620 --> 00:28:12.130 align:middle line:90% 00:28:12.130 --> 00:28:12.925 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: That is awesome. 00:28:12.925 --> 00:28:15.050 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: It is incredible. 00:28:15.050 --> 00:28:18.942 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So actually that white board would be-- 00:28:18.942 --> 00:28:21.498 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Has anyone heard the Fight Club theory on Ferris 00:28:21.498 --> 00:28:21.864 align:middle line:90% Bueller's Day Off? 00:28:21.864 --> 00:28:23.325 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: No. 00:28:23.325 --> 00:28:23.812 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:28:23.812 --> 00:28:25.273 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Ferris Bueller and his best friend. 00:28:25.273 --> 00:28:25.760 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:28:25.760 --> 00:28:26.880 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Yeah, Cameron. 00:28:26.880 --> 00:28:31.110 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [LAUGHTER] 00:28:31.110 --> 00:28:33.296 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I'm going to stand at this screen. 00:28:33.296 --> 00:28:34.070 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:28:34.070 --> 00:28:35.870 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Wait, who hasn't seen Fight Club. 00:28:35.870 --> 00:28:36.870 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Oh, Fight Club. 00:28:36.870 --> 00:28:38.370 align:middle line:90% That's a pretty good movie. 00:28:38.370 --> 00:28:40.370 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Has everyone seen Fight Club? 00:28:40.370 --> 00:28:42.370 align:middle line:90% That's another one. 00:28:42.370 --> 00:28:43.620 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:28:43.620 --> 00:28:47.870 align:middle line:90% 00:28:47.870 --> 00:28:50.180 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: --because I think, that game would have 00:28:50.180 --> 00:28:53.472 align:middle line:84% benefitted from the exercise that we're about to do. 00:28:53.472 --> 00:28:54.722 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:28:54.722 --> 00:28:59.120 align:middle line:90% 00:28:59.120 --> 00:28:59.780 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Like do both controllers 00:28:59.780 --> 00:29:00.890 align:middle line:90% control the same character? 00:29:00.890 --> 00:29:03.330 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [LAUGHTER] 00:29:03.330 --> 00:29:04.580 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: That's some Metal Gear Solid stuff right there. 00:29:04.580 --> 00:29:07.880 align:middle line:90% 00:29:07.880 --> 00:29:10.325 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Psycho [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:29:10.325 --> 00:29:11.575 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:29:11.575 --> 00:29:17.690 align:middle line:90% 00:29:17.690 --> 00:29:21.230 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So I just got to bring out the note pad thing. 00:29:21.230 --> 00:29:24.370 align:middle line:84% And I want people to start thinking about verbs. 00:29:24.370 --> 00:29:29.054 align:middle line:84% What are the verbs that make Ferris Bueller's 00:29:29.054 --> 00:29:30.710 align:middle line:90% Day Off kind of unique? 00:29:30.710 --> 00:29:35.544 align:middle line:84% Or really that's what you think of when you think of 00:29:35.544 --> 00:29:36.950 align:middle line:90% Ferris Bueller's Day Off? 00:29:36.950 --> 00:29:37.830 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Verbs? 00:29:37.830 --> 00:29:38.260 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah, verbs. 00:29:38.260 --> 00:29:39.980 align:middle line:90% What do they do? 00:29:39.980 --> 00:29:41.610 align:middle line:90% What do the characters do? 00:29:41.610 --> 00:29:42.498 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Bad karoake. 00:29:42.498 --> 00:29:44.670 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:29:44.670 --> 00:29:45.580 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Bad Karoake. 00:29:45.580 --> 00:29:46.300 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Sing. 00:29:46.300 --> 00:29:47.550 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:29:47.550 --> 00:29:55.600 align:middle line:90% 00:29:55.600 --> 00:29:57.050 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Let me make sure we've got [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:29:57.050 --> 00:29:57.430 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Live life. 00:29:57.430 --> 00:29:57.810 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Lie. 00:29:57.810 --> 00:29:59.060 align:middle line:90% They lie. 00:29:59.060 --> 00:30:02.040 align:middle line:90% 00:30:02.040 --> 00:30:02.395 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:30:02.395 --> 00:30:05.850 align:middle line:90% So they sing. 00:30:05.850 --> 00:30:08.072 align:middle line:90% They deceive or lie. 00:30:08.072 --> 00:30:09.800 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: They run. 00:30:09.800 --> 00:30:10.750 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: They run? 00:30:10.750 --> 00:30:11.570 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Elude. 00:30:11.570 --> 00:30:14.690 align:middle line:90% [LAUGHTER] 00:30:14.690 --> 00:30:15.800 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: They definitely elude. 00:30:15.800 --> 00:30:17.050 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:30:17.050 --> 00:30:21.630 align:middle line:90% 00:30:21.630 --> 00:30:23.490 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: They drive. 00:30:23.490 --> 00:30:25.340 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Destroy. 00:30:25.340 --> 00:30:27.250 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: They [UNINTELLIGIBLE PHRASE]. 00:30:27.250 --> 00:30:27.930 align:middle line:90% They trick. 00:30:27.930 --> 00:30:29.630 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: They trick? 00:30:29.630 --> 00:30:32.060 align:middle line:90% That's deceive. 00:30:32.060 --> 00:30:33.340 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [UNINTELLIGIBLE] be spontaneous. 00:30:33.340 --> 00:30:34.610 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: They be spontaneous. 00:30:34.610 --> 00:30:36.970 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [LAUGHTER] 00:30:36.970 --> 00:30:38.220 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: They improvise. 00:30:38.220 --> 00:30:40.490 align:middle line:90% 00:30:40.490 --> 00:30:42.050 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: They get in trouble. 00:30:42.050 --> 00:30:43.490 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: They get in trouble. 00:30:43.490 --> 00:30:46.390 align:middle line:84% There's not a real verb for that. 00:30:46.390 --> 00:30:47.378 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: And get out of trouble. 00:30:47.378 --> 00:30:47.876 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: They mischief. 00:30:47.876 --> 00:30:49.868 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [LAUGHTER] 00:30:49.868 --> 00:30:51.660 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:30:51.660 --> 00:30:52.990 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Well, mischief is a word that should 00:30:52.990 --> 00:30:54.510 align:middle line:90% probably be in there. 00:30:54.510 --> 00:30:57.266 align:middle line:84% That might be an actually a back of the box or tagline. 00:30:57.266 --> 00:30:59.560 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE PHRASE]. 00:30:59.560 --> 00:31:01.470 align:middle line:90% What else? 00:31:01.470 --> 00:31:02.970 align:middle line:90% Anything else they do there? 00:31:02.970 --> 00:31:03.970 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: They hide. 00:31:03.970 --> 00:31:04.970 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: They hide? 00:31:04.970 --> 00:31:06.470 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:31:06.470 --> 00:31:07.880 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Hide, run, elude. 00:31:07.880 --> 00:31:09.540 align:middle line:90% Those kind of [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:31:09.540 --> 00:31:10.330 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Exploit maybe? 00:31:10.330 --> 00:31:10.600 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Exploit? 00:31:10.600 --> 00:31:12.444 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Yeah, they take advantage. 00:31:12.444 --> 00:31:16.030 align:middle line:90% 00:31:16.030 --> 00:31:17.510 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:31:17.510 --> 00:31:19.400 align:middle line:90% They exploit [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:31:19.400 --> 00:31:21.130 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: They impress. 00:31:21.130 --> 00:31:23.520 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: They impress. 00:31:23.520 --> 00:31:25.911 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Relax. 00:31:25.911 --> 00:31:26.700 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: That's good. 00:31:26.700 --> 00:31:27.682 align:middle line:90% At some point they relax. 00:31:27.682 --> 00:31:29.650 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES. 00:31:29.650 --> 00:31:31.905 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: One guy is very relaxed. 00:31:31.905 --> 00:31:32.650 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: They kiss. 00:31:32.650 --> 00:31:34.171 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: They kiss. 00:31:34.171 --> 00:31:36.095 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: They hack. 00:31:36.095 --> 00:31:38.005 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Do they hack into a computer? 00:31:38.005 --> 00:31:39.830 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Into the school computer. 00:31:39.830 --> 00:31:40.790 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:31:40.790 --> 00:31:40.958 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Oh yeah. 00:31:40.958 --> 00:31:41.810 align:middle line:90% I forgot about that. 00:31:41.810 --> 00:31:43.190 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:31:43.190 --> 00:31:45.030 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: It's going to take a little bit more interest. 00:31:45.030 --> 00:31:47.540 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [LAUGHTER] 00:31:47.540 --> 00:31:48.450 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:31:48.450 --> 00:31:51.725 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: The school has a [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:31:51.725 --> 00:31:52.110 align:middle line:90% That's too easy. 00:31:52.110 --> 00:31:53.780 align:middle line:90% There's a movie about that. 00:31:53.780 --> 00:31:55.030 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [UNINTELLIGIBLE PHRASE]. 00:31:55.030 --> 00:32:00.340 align:middle line:90% 00:32:00.340 --> 00:32:01.512 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: That's War Games. 00:32:01.512 --> 00:32:03.230 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: You ruined it. 00:32:03.230 --> 00:32:03.960 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:32:03.960 --> 00:32:04.155 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Let's see. 00:32:04.155 --> 00:32:05.591 align:middle line:90% What else? 00:32:05.591 --> 00:32:06.962 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: It's a classic line. 00:32:06.962 --> 00:32:07.680 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:32:07.680 --> 00:32:08.950 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Do they ever support each other? 00:32:08.950 --> 00:32:12.476 align:middle line:84% Or do they just stress each other out? 00:32:12.476 --> 00:32:15.710 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: They may just stress each other out. 00:32:15.710 --> 00:32:17.100 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: They plan. 00:32:17.100 --> 00:32:18.030 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:32:18.030 --> 00:32:18.136 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Scheme. 00:32:18.136 --> 00:32:19.350 align:middle line:90% No, they scheme. 00:32:19.350 --> 00:32:20.260 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Scheme. 00:32:20.260 --> 00:32:23.120 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Scheme is so much better than plan. 00:32:23.120 --> 00:32:26.720 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I don't like these negative words for him. 00:32:26.720 --> 00:32:28.320 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: This may not be what the main characters do, 00:32:28.320 --> 00:32:31.920 align:middle line:90% but they campaign. 00:32:31.920 --> 00:32:33.790 align:middle line:84% They run a campaign to save Ferris. 00:32:33.790 --> 00:32:36.330 align:middle line:90% 00:32:36.330 --> 00:32:40.502 align:middle line:84% So the idea is that Ferris is basically pretending that he's 00:32:40.502 --> 00:32:42.410 align:middle line:90% deathly ill. 00:32:42.410 --> 00:32:45.560 align:middle line:84% And so a bunch of the students in the school are running a 00:32:45.560 --> 00:32:48.657 align:middle line:84% campaign to raise funds for his medical expenses. 00:32:48.657 --> 00:32:49.116 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Well, everyone says it. 00:32:49.116 --> 00:32:52.330 align:middle line:84% Like the police station says, tell your brother feel better. 00:32:52.330 --> 00:32:57.215 align:middle line:84% And also the water tower has Save Ferris printed on it. 00:32:57.215 --> 00:32:57.660 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:32:57.660 --> 00:32:58.910 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah. 00:32:58.910 --> 00:33:01.330 align:middle line:90% 00:33:01.330 --> 00:33:04.810 align:middle line:84% And you can think about what those verbs associated with 00:33:04.810 --> 00:33:06.890 align:middle line:84% like putting signs up and painting. 00:33:06.890 --> 00:33:09.767 align:middle line:90% 00:33:09.767 --> 00:33:13.450 align:middle line:84% And if you look at this list, the list can 00:33:13.450 --> 00:33:15.194 align:middle line:90% probably get much longer. 00:33:15.194 --> 00:33:18.570 align:middle line:84% But this is a fairly unique collection. 00:33:18.570 --> 00:33:21.230 align:middle line:84% Maybe it's all unique if you compare it to other, sort of, 00:33:21.230 --> 00:33:22.790 align:middle line:90% hijinks movies. 00:33:22.790 --> 00:33:25.510 align:middle line:84% But it's not like we've had a lot of video games, in 00:33:25.510 --> 00:33:28.390 align:middle line:84% particular, that are in that game. 00:33:28.390 --> 00:33:33.390 align:middle line:84% And we probably should have because it sounds like it's 00:33:33.390 --> 00:33:36.330 align:middle line:84% going to be a heck of a lot of fun. 00:33:36.330 --> 00:33:40.460 align:middle line:84% Actually, the one theme that reminds me of this is actually 00:33:40.460 --> 00:33:43.060 align:middle line:84% Bully, which was released by Rockstar. 00:33:43.060 --> 00:33:44.620 align:middle line:84% Where you sort of do these things. 00:33:44.620 --> 00:33:46.490 align:middle line:90% But it's much more vengeful. 00:33:46.490 --> 00:33:52.710 align:middle line:84% It's much more I'm going to show the other bullies in the 00:33:52.710 --> 00:33:55.470 align:middle line:90% school how [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:33:55.470 --> 00:33:58.090 align:middle line:84% Whereas this one is kind of more good natured. 00:33:58.090 --> 00:34:00.197 align:middle line:90% They parade. 00:34:00.197 --> 00:34:01.447 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:34:01.447 --> 00:34:04.020 align:middle line:90% 00:34:04.020 --> 00:34:05.580 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [UNINTELLIGIBLE] is also part of the 00:34:05.580 --> 00:34:06.850 align:middle line:90% singing badly part. 00:34:06.850 --> 00:34:07.410 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah. 00:34:07.410 --> 00:34:08.340 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: You get the girlfriend and then they sing 00:34:08.340 --> 00:34:09.629 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:34:09.629 --> 00:34:11.310 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: But singing badly wouldn't have the same impact 00:34:11.310 --> 00:34:12.900 align:middle line:84% if there wasn't a brass band behind him. 00:34:12.900 --> 00:34:15.760 align:middle line:90% 00:34:15.760 --> 00:34:19.360 align:middle line:84% So you can think about how any of these verbs-- and we've 00:34:19.360 --> 00:34:21.850 align:middle line:84% done this exercise by taking verbs and turning them into 00:34:21.850 --> 00:34:23.550 align:middle line:90% game mechanics before. 00:34:23.550 --> 00:34:25.912 align:middle line:84% And you can think about how any of these verbs could 00:34:25.912 --> 00:34:27.162 align:middle line:84% actually be turned into a game. 00:34:27.162 --> 00:34:29.580 align:middle line:90% 00:34:29.580 --> 00:34:32.944 align:middle line:84% Kiss might be a goal or it might be a rule, a mechanic, 00:34:32.944 --> 00:34:36.020 align:middle line:84% to be able to accomplish something. 00:34:36.020 --> 00:34:37.389 align:middle line:90% Parade might be a setting. 00:34:37.389 --> 00:34:41.785 align:middle line:84% Campaign might be a collection of mechanics that feed off 00:34:41.785 --> 00:34:42.150 align:middle line:90% each other. 00:34:42.150 --> 00:34:44.229 align:middle line:84% It could be a whole system that tells you how successful 00:34:44.229 --> 00:34:46.340 align:middle line:84% your Save Ferris campaign is going. 00:34:46.340 --> 00:34:47.565 align:middle line:84% You could make a game that's just all about saving Ferris, 00:34:47.565 --> 00:34:50.570 align:middle line:84% as opposed to playing Ferris Bueller himself. 00:34:50.570 --> 00:34:56.020 align:middle line:90% 00:34:56.020 --> 00:35:00.070 align:middle line:84% And that's kind of one exercise that you can do when 00:35:00.070 --> 00:35:02.690 align:middle line:84% you're thinking about your reward systems and all the 00:35:02.690 --> 00:35:04.810 align:middle line:84% systems that you guys have [UNINTELLIGIBLE] as far as I 00:35:04.810 --> 00:35:06.050 align:middle line:90% can recall. 00:35:06.050 --> 00:35:08.860 align:middle line:84% You don't have to worry about licensing the idea. 00:35:08.860 --> 00:35:10.880 align:middle line:84% But you're basically working with a real live franchise. 00:35:10.880 --> 00:35:14.880 align:middle line:84% And if you're doing something based on political diplomacy 00:35:14.880 --> 00:35:19.040 align:middle line:84% or something like that, then there are real life source 00:35:19.040 --> 00:35:21.345 align:middle line:84% material things that you're trying to be faithful to. 00:35:21.345 --> 00:35:22.940 align:middle line:84% And going through this exercise-- 00:35:22.940 --> 00:35:23.860 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:35:23.860 --> 00:35:26.890 align:middle line:84% What are all the verbs in this idea that we're working with? 00:35:26.890 --> 00:35:28.110 align:middle line:90% This isn't going to work-- 00:35:28.110 --> 00:35:29.710 align:middle line:90% What do people actually do? 00:35:29.710 --> 00:35:33.142 align:middle line:84% It's a good exercise to be able to try to be faithful to 00:35:33.142 --> 00:35:34.830 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:35:34.830 --> 00:35:36.750 align:middle line:84% And then, you don't have to pick all of them, of course. 00:35:36.750 --> 00:35:37.440 align:middle line:84% You're just going to cherry pick. 00:35:37.440 --> 00:35:39.510 align:middle line:84% And you want to prioritize a little bit. 00:35:39.510 --> 00:35:39.980 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:35:39.980 --> 00:35:42.990 align:middle line:84% What things can we get rid of and very still clearly be 00:35:42.990 --> 00:35:45.340 align:middle line:90% Ferris Bueller game. 00:35:45.340 --> 00:35:47.720 align:middle line:90% Running. 00:35:47.720 --> 00:35:50.890 align:middle line:84% I think as long as we have some kind of evation think, 00:35:50.890 --> 00:35:52.590 align:middle line:84% physical running may not be necessary. 00:35:52.590 --> 00:35:54.780 align:middle line:84% You could do something like as long as they're not in one 00:35:54.780 --> 00:35:56.520 align:middle line:84% location where the principal is at any given 00:35:56.520 --> 00:35:58.332 align:middle line:90% time, you're good. 00:35:58.332 --> 00:36:00.180 align:middle line:84% But you don't have to physically move through 00:36:00.180 --> 00:36:02.716 align:middle line:84% [UNINTELLIGIBLE] basically in all that. 00:36:02.716 --> 00:36:03.550 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Drive, probably. 00:36:03.550 --> 00:36:03.820 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Driving. 00:36:03.820 --> 00:36:04.270 align:middle line:90% Yeah. 00:36:04.270 --> 00:36:06.680 align:middle line:84% It's such a minor part of the film. 00:36:06.680 --> 00:36:07.840 align:middle line:90% Yeah. 00:36:07.840 --> 00:36:11.293 align:middle line:84% The actual driving is such a minor part of the film that 00:36:11.293 --> 00:36:13.760 align:middle line:84% you can probably do without that. 00:36:13.760 --> 00:36:17.800 align:middle line:90% 00:36:17.800 --> 00:36:20.430 align:middle line:84% And you might actually want to think about what if instead of 00:36:20.430 --> 00:36:23.110 align:middle line:84% this being Ferris Bueller's day off into Ferris Bueller's 00:36:23.110 --> 00:36:24.500 align:middle line:90% multiple days off. 00:36:24.500 --> 00:36:26.340 align:middle line:84% Maybe just play each day differently. 00:36:26.340 --> 00:36:29.030 align:middle line:84% And just trying to stay out more and more days. 00:36:29.030 --> 00:36:31.190 align:middle line:84% Maybe a score or number of days you don't go 00:36:31.190 --> 00:36:33.490 align:middle line:90% to school or something. 00:36:33.490 --> 00:36:36.180 align:middle line:90% So that's an idea. 00:36:36.180 --> 00:36:40.043 align:middle line:84% That's one approach that you can use in your projects. 00:36:40.043 --> 00:36:43.640 align:middle line:90% 00:36:43.640 --> 00:36:46.660 align:middle line:84% Before we hit two, I just want to touch on another point. 00:36:46.660 --> 00:36:51.590 align:middle line:84% Before I transition, any questions about 00:36:51.590 --> 00:36:53.930 align:middle line:90% dealing with IP ? 00:36:53.930 --> 00:36:56.240 align:middle line:84% There is a point that Brenda makes in her book-- 00:36:56.240 --> 00:36:57.640 align:middle line:90% the Brenda [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:36:57.640 --> 00:36:59.230 align:middle line:84% book-- that if you go professionally in the game 00:36:59.230 --> 00:37:02.530 align:middle line:84% industry, you will most likely at some point in time, 00:37:02.530 --> 00:37:04.495 align:middle line:84% probably many times in your career, work 00:37:04.495 --> 00:37:06.060 align:middle line:90% with a licensed product. 00:37:06.060 --> 00:37:08.900 align:middle line:84% And it can be painful because you do not have greater 00:37:08.900 --> 00:37:14.325 align:middle line:84% control yet trying to be faithful to what you're 00:37:14.325 --> 00:37:14.820 align:middle line:90% working with. 00:37:14.820 --> 00:37:18.105 align:middle line:84% And if you succeed, you make a lot of money. 00:37:18.105 --> 00:37:19.720 align:middle line:84% And maybe you get enough money to start 00:37:19.720 --> 00:37:21.270 align:middle line:90% working on your own projects. 00:37:21.270 --> 00:37:26.390 align:middle line:84% But it's a reality because franchises do sell. 00:37:26.390 --> 00:37:29.050 align:middle line:84% And they're a lot lower risk than dealing with a 00:37:29.050 --> 00:37:32.660 align:middle line:90% completely new idea. 00:37:32.660 --> 00:37:34.430 align:middle line:84% By the way, if you haven't played the new Tomb Raider 00:37:34.430 --> 00:37:37.890 align:middle line:84% game, which is actually kind of interesting because it's 00:37:37.890 --> 00:37:39.140 align:middle line:90% like Tomb Raider meets Diablo. 00:37:39.140 --> 00:37:41.920 align:middle line:90% 00:37:41.920 --> 00:37:44.010 align:middle line:90% If people have never... 00:37:44.010 --> 00:37:47.580 align:middle line:84% Whose played or seen some one play Tomb Raider before? 00:37:47.580 --> 00:37:48.270 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:37:48.270 --> 00:37:50.950 align:middle line:84% Who knows about this latest game that I'm talking about. 00:37:50.950 --> 00:37:53.410 align:middle line:84% It's kind of like 3/4 isometric view. 00:37:53.410 --> 00:37:53.750 align:middle line:90% Yeah. 00:37:53.750 --> 00:37:57.660 align:middle line:84% It is Tomb Raider meets Diablo but it still keeps in with the 00:37:57.660 --> 00:37:58.520 align:middle line:90% puzzle solving. 00:37:58.520 --> 00:37:59.350 align:middle line:90% It's cooperative. 00:37:59.350 --> 00:38:02.260 align:middle line:84% It's a very, very different game in terms of 00:38:02.260 --> 00:38:03.380 align:middle line:90% how you play it. 00:38:03.380 --> 00:38:05.560 align:middle line:84% But it will be an interesting exercise to sort 00:38:05.560 --> 00:38:07.950 align:middle line:90% of play that game. 00:38:07.950 --> 00:38:10.030 align:middle line:84% Maybe I'll load it up here sometime. 00:38:10.030 --> 00:38:12.950 align:middle line:84% And you can take a look and how does that resemble the 00:38:12.950 --> 00:38:15.545 align:middle line:84% Tomb Raider franchise so that people who look at the game 00:38:15.545 --> 00:38:19.050 align:middle line:84% and still say, yeah that's Tomb Raider even though it's a 00:38:19.050 --> 00:38:21.450 align:middle line:90% very new game. 00:38:21.450 --> 00:38:22.850 align:middle line:84% You can imagine like a Tomb Raider board game, for 00:38:22.850 --> 00:38:24.950 align:middle line:84% instance, and how would that be different. 00:38:24.950 --> 00:38:26.590 align:middle line:84% And how could that still be faithful? 00:38:26.590 --> 00:38:28.382 align:middle line:84% That's World of Warcraft games and Starcraft board 00:38:28.382 --> 00:38:30.482 align:middle line:90% games that we invent. 00:38:30.482 --> 00:38:33.380 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE PHRASE] 00:38:33.380 --> 00:38:36.290 align:middle line:90% But I'd love to try it out. 00:38:36.290 --> 00:38:37.450 align:middle line:90% Let's see. 00:38:37.450 --> 00:38:39.560 align:middle line:84% So the other point I want to get to is kind of the 00:38:39.560 --> 00:38:41.610 align:middle line:90% legalistic definition of IP. 00:38:41.610 --> 00:38:45.710 align:middle line:84% And I don't want to spend an entire class on this because I 00:38:45.710 --> 00:38:48.350 align:middle line:90% know you will all fall asleep. 00:38:48.350 --> 00:38:50.560 align:middle line:84% I just want to point out that there's quite a lot of 00:38:50.560 --> 00:38:51.570 align:middle line:90% different ways that 00:38:51.570 --> 00:38:53.470 align:middle line:90% intellectual property is protected. 00:38:53.470 --> 00:38:57.780 align:middle line:84% People who are creating stuff professionally, creatively, 00:38:57.780 --> 00:39:00.650 align:middle line:84% want to make sure that they can finish their product, they 00:39:00.650 --> 00:39:04.340 align:middle line:84% can make sequels of their product, they can maybe even 00:39:04.340 --> 00:39:07.510 align:middle line:84% license their ideas to someone else. 00:39:07.510 --> 00:39:11.810 align:middle line:84% Make IP for some company without having ideas copied 00:39:11.810 --> 00:39:15.230 align:middle line:84% outright and not seeing any compensation for that. 00:39:15.230 --> 00:39:20.030 align:middle line:84% If it is copyrights, there's trademarks, there's patents. 00:39:20.030 --> 00:39:21.280 align:middle line:84% I feel like I'm missing something. 00:39:21.280 --> 00:39:23.750 align:middle line:90% 00:39:23.750 --> 00:39:25.720 align:middle line:84% I guess we have those three first. 00:39:25.720 --> 00:39:27.920 align:middle line:90% And if anything-- 00:39:27.920 --> 00:39:31.440 align:middle line:84% those are definitely the three big ones. 00:39:31.440 --> 00:39:32.350 align:middle line:90% Copyright. 00:39:32.350 --> 00:39:35.610 align:middle line:84% Copyright basically protects an expression of an idea. 00:39:35.610 --> 00:39:37.900 align:middle line:84% The idea, itself, is not protected. 00:39:37.900 --> 00:39:43.670 align:middle line:84% If your basic idea is in a world where aliens are 00:39:43.670 --> 00:39:47.010 align:middle line:84% attacked by space marines, the idea, itself, is not 00:39:47.010 --> 00:39:49.620 align:middle line:84% protected, which is a relief because a lot of people have 00:39:49.620 --> 00:39:51.810 align:middle line:90% many games on that idea. 00:39:51.810 --> 00:39:53.140 align:middle line:90% But the actual expression is. 00:39:53.140 --> 00:39:56.035 align:middle line:90% So the actual-- 00:39:56.035 --> 00:39:57.150 align:middle line:90% say that you're an artist. 00:39:57.150 --> 00:39:59.350 align:middle line:84% And you're creating concept art based on that theme. 00:39:59.350 --> 00:40:04.740 align:middle line:84% That piece of concept art is copyrighted to either you or 00:40:04.740 --> 00:40:07.220 align:middle line:84% if you're an employee of a company then you've probably 00:40:07.220 --> 00:40:08.980 align:middle line:84% signed over your rights to the company. 00:40:08.980 --> 00:40:10.930 align:middle line:84% That whatever you're creating on their dime 00:40:10.930 --> 00:40:13.600 align:middle line:90% belongs to the company. 00:40:13.600 --> 00:40:15.090 align:middle line:84% And that's defensible in court. 00:40:15.090 --> 00:40:16.930 align:middle line:84% It's actually an automatic protection. 00:40:16.930 --> 00:40:21.590 align:middle line:84% But it's one of those things where it helps to be able to 00:40:21.590 --> 00:40:23.980 align:middle line:84% document that you've actually created something. 00:40:23.980 --> 00:40:25.820 align:middle line:84% There's a copyright office that you can send things to. 00:40:25.820 --> 00:40:29.010 align:middle line:84% But for the most part, internal company documentation 00:40:29.010 --> 00:40:33.050 align:middle line:84% saying, this piece of art was created on the so and so date 00:40:33.050 --> 00:40:35.500 align:middle line:90% by so and so person. 00:40:35.500 --> 00:40:39.610 align:middle line:84% It's usually good enough to stand up in court if there's 00:40:39.610 --> 00:40:41.710 align:middle line:90% ever a dispute. 00:40:41.710 --> 00:40:46.070 align:middle line:84% So the same thing goes for writing. 00:40:46.070 --> 00:40:49.296 align:middle line:84% The same thing goes for audio and music. 00:40:49.296 --> 00:40:53.270 align:middle line:84% A lot of music is protected under copyright. 00:40:53.270 --> 00:40:55.860 align:middle line:84% So if somebody creates a piece of music that sounds an awful 00:40:55.860 --> 00:40:58.770 align:middle line:90% lot like your piece of music. 00:40:58.770 --> 00:41:01.580 align:middle line:84% There are specific rules that allow for that to happen. 00:41:01.580 --> 00:41:08.600 align:middle line:84% But I think, if you completely reperform the piece, you are 00:41:08.600 --> 00:41:09.910 align:middle line:90% allowed to do that. 00:41:09.910 --> 00:41:13.190 align:middle line:84% But you may have to pay the original composers the 00:41:13.190 --> 00:41:16.850 align:middle line:90% royalties from the music. 00:41:16.850 --> 00:41:20.460 align:middle line:84% This means that if person A composes a song, then B 00:41:20.460 --> 00:41:29.860 align:middle line:84% performs a song and releases an album, then C could 00:41:29.860 --> 00:41:31.900 align:middle line:90% actually reperform that song. 00:41:31.900 --> 00:41:33.860 align:middle line:84% And the only royalties goes back to the composer. 00:41:33.860 --> 00:41:41.770 align:middle line:84% It doesn't necessarily go back to Band B. However, Band B-- 00:41:41.770 --> 00:41:44.600 align:middle line:84% it depends on really how close they sound to each other. 00:41:44.600 --> 00:41:46.860 align:middle line:84% And, of course, if Band B happens to be also the 00:41:46.860 --> 00:41:50.010 align:middle line:84% composers, then they're going to get royalties and win. 00:41:50.010 --> 00:41:54.120 align:middle line:84% But you see this idea that copyright protects the 00:41:54.120 --> 00:41:55.255 align:middle line:90% expression of an idea. 00:41:55.255 --> 00:41:58.200 align:middle line:84% The composers, at some point in time, had to write down the 00:41:58.200 --> 00:42:00.357 align:middle line:84% music, the notes, and the lyrics. 00:42:00.357 --> 00:42:03.310 align:middle line:90% And that is what is protected. 00:42:03.310 --> 00:42:06.656 align:middle line:84% And you can't just copy that without entering into some 00:42:06.656 --> 00:42:09.530 align:middle line:84% sort of contract saying that you can. 00:42:09.530 --> 00:42:12.890 align:middle line:84% We have systems like Creative Commons for instance that 00:42:12.890 --> 00:42:16.190 align:middle line:84% basically, people who are creating your IP say, under 00:42:16.190 --> 00:42:19.106 align:middle line:84% these conditions, I am letting people do whatever 00:42:19.106 --> 00:42:21.062 align:middle line:90% they want with it. 00:42:21.062 --> 00:42:23.996 align:middle line:84% And there are different kinds of Creative Commons licensing. 00:42:23.996 --> 00:42:25.463 align:middle line:84% Some of them that you do-- literally whatever 00:42:25.463 --> 00:42:26.441 align:middle line:90% you want with it. 00:42:26.441 --> 00:42:28.890 align:middle line:84% They're like open source licenses. 00:42:28.890 --> 00:42:31.570 align:middle line:84% And in some cases, it's like well, you can do whatever you 00:42:31.570 --> 00:42:34.170 align:middle line:84% want with it as long as it's for non-commercial use and you 00:42:34.170 --> 00:42:37.610 align:middle line:84% have to credit the origin [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:42:37.610 --> 00:42:40.393 align:middle line:84% So that's why Creative Commons evolved. 00:42:40.393 --> 00:42:45.323 align:middle line:84% So to enable people to freely do stuff without necessarily 00:42:45.323 --> 00:42:48.527 align:middle line:84% having to pay and enter into separate contracts with 00:42:48.527 --> 00:42:50.750 align:middle line:90% everybody who is creating IP. 00:42:50.750 --> 00:42:55.140 align:middle line:90% So the problem is with code. 00:42:55.140 --> 00:42:58.970 align:middle line:84% If code and game mechanics actually for this class is 00:42:58.970 --> 00:42:59.980 align:middle line:90% something I want to consider. 00:42:59.980 --> 00:43:02.410 align:middle line:84% Because you can think of code in two ways. 00:43:02.410 --> 00:43:04.620 align:middle line:84% One, you can think of it as a chunk of text. 00:43:04.620 --> 00:43:08.645 align:middle line:84% It's a chunk of ASCII symbols that you type into a 00:43:08.645 --> 00:43:11.150 align:middle line:84% development environment and you compile it. 00:43:11.150 --> 00:43:14.260 align:middle line:84% And that's an expression of an idea. 00:43:14.260 --> 00:43:17.130 align:middle line:84% But the other way that you can think of it is it's a machine. 00:43:17.130 --> 00:43:19.190 align:middle line:84% It's a bunch of instructions that you feed into a machine 00:43:19.190 --> 00:43:21.220 align:middle line:84% for it to operate in a certain way. 00:43:21.220 --> 00:43:24.796 align:middle line:84% And those things, machines, inventions basically, can be 00:43:24.796 --> 00:43:28.050 align:middle line:90% protected by patents. 00:43:28.050 --> 00:43:31.120 align:middle line:84% That's pretty much what the patent system is designed for. 00:43:31.120 --> 00:43:33.600 align:middle line:84% Patent system is a lot slower because you actually have to 00:43:33.600 --> 00:43:36.880 align:middle line:84% apply to central US Patent Office to be able to secure 00:43:36.880 --> 00:43:39.519 align:middle line:84% those, assuming that you're looking for patent 00:43:39.519 --> 00:43:41.610 align:middle line:90% protection in the US. 00:43:41.610 --> 00:43:43.440 align:middle line:84% Every single country, every single region has it's own 00:43:43.440 --> 00:43:44.940 align:middle line:84% patent office and it's own process. 00:43:44.940 --> 00:43:47.670 align:middle line:90% It's really expensive. 00:43:47.670 --> 00:43:50.700 align:middle line:84% What it does is basically give you a temporary monopoly on 00:43:50.700 --> 00:43:52.280 align:middle line:90% that invention. 00:43:52.280 --> 00:43:56.020 align:middle line:84% At least, that's what they were originally designed for. 00:43:56.020 --> 00:44:00.190 align:middle line:84% You make an invention, and you've got like 25 years or 00:44:00.190 --> 00:44:05.580 align:middle line:84% something to be able to capitalize on it before anyone 00:44:05.580 --> 00:44:06.830 align:middle line:90% can use your idea. 00:44:06.830 --> 00:44:09.090 align:middle line:84% And the whole reason why it was invented is that you now 00:44:09.090 --> 00:44:12.270 align:middle line:84% have an incentive to be able to come up with inventions. 00:44:12.270 --> 00:44:14.565 align:middle line:84% You might make some profit off it. 00:44:14.565 --> 00:44:16.950 align:middle line:90% And after the patent expires-- 00:44:16.950 --> 00:44:19.190 align:middle line:90% 25 years or something-- 00:44:19.190 --> 00:44:22.112 align:middle line:84% because you've released your information to the patent 00:44:22.112 --> 00:44:26.150 align:middle line:84% office, now, all of society can benefit. 00:44:26.150 --> 00:44:27.960 align:middle line:84% Can make derivatives of your invention. 00:44:27.960 --> 00:44:32.690 align:middle line:84% So in a sense, it was invented to eventually release great 00:44:32.690 --> 00:44:33.870 align:middle line:90% monopolies. 00:44:33.870 --> 00:44:38.120 align:middle line:84% I got this idea, and I am going to be upfront and very 00:44:38.120 --> 00:44:40.940 align:middle line:84% clear about how I make this thing work. 00:44:40.940 --> 00:44:42.830 align:middle line:90% Say Amazon patents 1-click. 00:44:42.830 --> 00:44:45.750 align:middle line:84% And I'm going to say for the next 25 years, Amazon now has 00:44:45.750 --> 00:44:50.820 align:middle line:84% this lock on 1-click shipping and purchasing, which is 00:44:50.820 --> 00:44:52.070 align:middle line:84% [UNINTELLIGIBLE] but it's been [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:44:52.070 --> 00:44:54.590 align:middle line:90% 00:44:54.590 --> 00:45:00.150 align:middle line:84% But after 25 years, anyone can do 1-click shipping. 00:45:00.150 --> 00:45:01.080 align:middle line:90% But that's the problem, right? 00:45:01.080 --> 00:45:02.770 align:middle line:84% 25 years is a heck of a long time. 00:45:02.770 --> 00:45:05.870 align:middle line:84% And by then, whatever is invented is kind of obsolete. 00:45:05.870 --> 00:45:08.340 align:middle line:84% And a lot of the ideas that tend to get approved by the 00:45:08.340 --> 00:45:11.430 align:middle line:84% patent office are pretty damn obvious. 00:45:11.430 --> 00:45:14.770 align:middle line:84% I'm not going to discourage the amount of work that Amazon 00:45:14.770 --> 00:45:17.240 align:middle line:84% has actually put into 1-click shipping. 00:45:17.240 --> 00:45:21.300 align:middle line:84% It's actually a really complex process. 00:45:21.300 --> 00:45:24.700 align:middle line:84% But I am going to discourage, say there is a patent on the 00:45:24.700 --> 00:45:27.110 align:middle line:84% giant floating arrow that tells you where you're 00:45:27.110 --> 00:45:27.987 align:middle line:90% supposed to go next. 00:45:27.987 --> 00:45:29.360 align:middle line:90% They have a patent on this. 00:45:29.360 --> 00:45:33.600 align:middle line:84% Namco has a patent on mini games that you play while your 00:45:33.600 --> 00:45:35.000 align:middle line:90% game is loading. 00:45:35.000 --> 00:45:39.470 align:middle line:84% That's why only Namco games have mini games in those 00:45:39.470 --> 00:45:41.180 align:middle line:84% screens because they have a patent on that. 00:45:41.180 --> 00:45:43.600 align:middle line:84% When it comes to game ideas and game mechanics, I find 00:45:43.600 --> 00:45:45.360 align:middle line:90% this really annoying. 00:45:45.360 --> 00:45:51.330 align:middle line:84% It's a personal rant because I think that's [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:45:51.330 --> 00:45:56.340 align:middle line:84% creation is that opening it up is really, really tough. 00:45:56.340 --> 00:45:59.304 align:middle line:84% I don't really think game mechanics fit in the 00:45:59.304 --> 00:45:59.720 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:45:59.720 --> 00:45:59.900 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:45:59.900 --> 00:46:02.220 align:middle line:84% Apple has is on all the touching. 00:46:02.220 --> 00:46:04.511 align:middle line:84% On their gestures, a lot of people can't get 00:46:04.511 --> 00:46:05.180 align:middle line:90% off the same thing. 00:46:05.180 --> 00:46:08.400 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: A lot of people have the same issue that I 00:46:08.400 --> 00:46:10.990 align:middle line:84% have with game mechanics, with software, in general. 00:46:10.990 --> 00:46:14.530 align:middle line:84% Software happens so quickly that this kind of temporary 00:46:14.530 --> 00:46:20.765 align:middle line:84% monopoly basically means a real monopoly over that idea. 00:46:20.765 --> 00:46:25.675 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I thought that game rules were not patented or 00:46:25.675 --> 00:46:27.148 align:middle line:90% covered by a copyright. 00:46:27.148 --> 00:46:28.621 align:middle line:84% I seem to remember hearing that somewhere. 00:46:28.621 --> 00:46:31.570 align:middle line:90% 00:46:31.570 --> 00:46:35.480 align:middle line:84% And this was an issue which came up when Scrabulous and 00:46:35.480 --> 00:46:38.340 align:middle line:84% Scrabble were at loggerheads with one another. 00:46:38.340 --> 00:46:41.250 align:middle line:84% There's some weird technical detail that I don't really 00:46:41.250 --> 00:46:46.207 align:middle line:84% know, but it kind of comes down to the actual rules of 00:46:46.207 --> 00:46:50.430 align:middle line:84% Scrabble, the actual game rules themselves 00:46:50.430 --> 00:46:51.894 align:middle line:84% [UNINTELLIGIBLE] are not copyrightable. 00:46:51.894 --> 00:46:54.334 align:middle line:84% But somehow, the look and feel of your game is. 00:46:54.334 --> 00:46:57.270 align:middle line:90% 00:46:57.270 --> 00:46:58.710 align:middle line:84% Do you know what the specific details are? 00:46:58.710 --> 00:46:59.940 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I don't know the specific details. 00:46:59.940 --> 00:47:04.350 align:middle line:84% But how you outlined it is one very clear way on how someone 00:47:04.350 --> 00:47:06.900 align:middle line:84% who's created a game can protect a game without 00:47:06.900 --> 00:47:09.450 align:middle line:84% necessarily being protective of the rules. 00:47:09.450 --> 00:47:13.150 align:middle line:84% And Scrabble can protect the layout of their board. 00:47:13.150 --> 00:47:17.310 align:middle line:84% Because in order to come to design the layout, they had to 00:47:17.310 --> 00:47:21.080 align:middle line:84% express the idea of what the board was with graphic design. 00:47:21.080 --> 00:47:22.600 align:middle line:84% It's like here's where all the triple word scores are. 00:47:22.600 --> 00:47:24.750 align:middle line:84% Here are where the double word scores. 00:47:24.750 --> 00:47:26.310 align:middle line:90% That's an image. 00:47:26.310 --> 00:47:27.568 align:middle line:90% Images can be copyrighted. 00:47:27.568 --> 00:47:29.844 align:middle line:84% And that's protected under copyrighting law, not under 00:47:29.844 --> 00:47:30.496 align:middle line:90% patent law. 00:47:30.496 --> 00:47:33.330 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: And I think [UNINTELLIGIBLE] of copyrights 00:47:33.330 --> 00:47:36.470 align:middle line:84% and trademarks, it comes down to like confusion, right? 00:47:36.470 --> 00:47:39.712 align:middle line:84% Like if someone could-- if Scrabulous was similar enough 00:47:39.712 --> 00:47:42.936 align:middle line:84% to Scrabble, superficially, that if someone could use 00:47:42.936 --> 00:47:43.680 align:middle line:90% their products. 00:47:43.680 --> 00:47:47.460 align:middle line:84% I think that is like a major criteria, right? 00:47:47.460 --> 00:47:50.940 align:middle line:84% And then again, it comes down to things like font, colors, 00:47:50.940 --> 00:47:52.820 align:middle line:90% titles, [INAUDIBLE]. 00:47:52.820 --> 00:47:54.967 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: It's even more specific when it comes to 00:47:54.967 --> 00:47:56.217 align:middle line:90% trademarks. 00:47:56.217 --> 00:47:58.960 align:middle line:90% 00:47:58.960 --> 00:48:06.080 align:middle line:84% If you can claim that the image or a particular saying 00:48:06.080 --> 00:48:08.970 align:middle line:84% or something is closely associated with your company's 00:48:08.970 --> 00:48:12.100 align:middle line:84% core brand, you can defend that as a trademark if you 00:48:12.100 --> 00:48:14.340 align:middle line:84% registered it with the trademark office. 00:48:14.340 --> 00:48:16.428 align:middle line:84% GAMBIT, the Singapore [UNINTELLIGIBLE] game lab is 00:48:16.428 --> 00:48:19.780 align:middle line:84% actually a registered trademark in Singapore. 00:48:19.780 --> 00:48:23.255 align:middle line:84% And actually, we had some trouble registering that 00:48:23.255 --> 00:48:25.120 align:middle line:84% because well, [UNINTELLIGIBLE] not the first company to come 00:48:25.120 --> 00:48:26.580 align:middle line:90% along with the word GAMBIT. 00:48:26.580 --> 00:48:29.970 align:middle line:84% There's actually another MIT product called GAMBIT. 00:48:29.970 --> 00:48:33.570 align:middle line:84% It's a game theory modeling system. 00:48:33.570 --> 00:48:36.610 align:middle line:84% So we actually had to negotiate some fine words to 00:48:36.610 --> 00:48:39.040 align:middle line:84% be able to separate what we were doing was not going to be 00:48:39.040 --> 00:48:41.690 align:middle line:84% confused with what they were doing. 00:48:41.690 --> 00:48:41.920 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE]? 00:48:41.920 --> 00:48:44.280 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Are copyrights and trademarks also for 25 years? 00:48:44.280 --> 00:48:46.600 align:middle line:90% Or are they different? 00:48:46.600 --> 00:48:47.850 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:48:47.850 --> 00:48:51.460 align:middle line:90% 00:48:51.460 --> 00:48:55.540 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Copyrights last as long as Walt Disney is dead. 00:48:55.540 --> 00:49:01.060 align:middle line:84% That is because the Disney corp keeps lobbying the 00:49:01.060 --> 00:49:04.330 align:middle line:84% various branches of the United States to extend copyrights so 00:49:04.330 --> 00:49:05.580 align:middle line:84% that they can lock down Mickey. 00:49:05.580 --> 00:49:07.840 align:middle line:90% 00:49:07.840 --> 00:49:11.860 align:middle line:84% That's the easiest way to tell exactly how long. 00:49:11.860 --> 00:49:13.010 align:middle line:84% In other words, right now, you've got something 00:49:13.010 --> 00:49:14.770 align:middle line:84% copyrighted, it's in perpetuity until Disney loses. 00:49:14.770 --> 00:49:18.480 align:middle line:90% 00:49:18.480 --> 00:49:20.320 align:middle line:84% This is actually really annoying. 00:49:20.320 --> 00:49:22.820 align:middle line:84% Which means there's a whole bunch of works, literature 00:49:22.820 --> 00:49:25.100 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:49:25.100 --> 00:49:30.190 align:middle line:84% that date back to the elite 20th century that by all means 00:49:30.190 --> 00:49:32.285 align:middle line:84% really should be public domain at this point. 00:49:32.285 --> 00:49:34.490 align:middle line:84% And then, they will pass into public use. 00:49:34.490 --> 00:49:36.390 align:middle line:90% But they aren't. 00:49:36.390 --> 00:49:37.570 align:middle line:90% I know one thing for sure. 00:49:37.570 --> 00:49:40.330 align:middle line:84% H.P. Lovecraft is definitely in public domain. 00:49:40.330 --> 00:49:44.198 align:middle line:84% That's why there are so many games based on 00:49:44.198 --> 00:49:45.448 align:middle line:90% H.P. Lovecraft material. 00:49:45.448 --> 00:49:47.890 align:middle line:90% 00:49:47.890 --> 00:49:49.900 align:middle line:84% Whatever is based on Disney material, has 00:49:49.900 --> 00:49:52.020 align:middle line:90% to be made by Disney. 00:49:52.020 --> 00:49:53.192 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:49:53.192 --> 00:49:54.442 align:middle line:90% of the copyright law. 00:49:54.442 --> 00:50:04.740 align:middle line:90% 00:50:04.740 --> 00:50:05.300 align:middle line:90% Images. 00:50:05.300 --> 00:50:10.300 align:middle line:84% If the Scrabble board is identified as being key to the 00:50:10.300 --> 00:50:12.240 align:middle line:84% Scrabble brand, you might be able to 00:50:12.240 --> 00:50:14.570 align:middle line:90% protect it under trademark. 00:50:14.570 --> 00:50:18.900 align:middle line:84% And trademark is one of those things where all you're saying 00:50:18.900 --> 00:50:20.660 align:middle line:90% is that this is how our company 00:50:20.660 --> 00:50:22.410 align:middle line:90% is identifying ourselves. 00:50:22.410 --> 00:50:27.700 align:middle line:84% And if that is confused with somebody else's product, that 00:50:27.700 --> 00:50:28.760 align:middle line:84% product is now hurting [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:50:28.760 --> 00:50:30.700 align:middle line:90% to make money. 00:50:30.700 --> 00:50:33.350 align:middle line:84% So there are a lot of steps to allow you to fight that. 00:50:33.350 --> 00:50:34.950 align:middle line:84% The problem with trademark is that you have to 00:50:34.950 --> 00:50:36.810 align:middle line:90% keep fighting back. 00:50:36.810 --> 00:50:40.300 align:middle line:84% So Xerox, for instance, constantly fights to keep 00:50:40.300 --> 00:50:43.090 align:middle line:84% Xerox as a trademark because people keep using the word, 00:50:43.090 --> 00:50:47.100 align:middle line:84% Xerox, to mean photocopy, which is a great problem for a 00:50:47.100 --> 00:50:47.950 align:middle line:90% company to have. 00:50:47.950 --> 00:50:49.670 align:middle line:84% But it's actually a cash drain as well. 00:50:49.670 --> 00:50:55.690 align:middle line:84% Because everyone's associating your company's name-- 00:50:55.690 --> 00:50:57.960 align:middle line:90% you're thinking Google, right? 00:50:57.960 --> 00:50:59.170 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I think [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:50:59.170 --> 00:51:01.510 align:middle line:90% Too many people or lose it. 00:51:01.510 --> 00:51:02.450 align:middle line:90% Band-aid would for sure. 00:51:02.450 --> 00:51:03.860 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So you have to fight it. 00:51:03.860 --> 00:51:04.420 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: And Kleenex, yeah. 00:51:04.420 --> 00:51:06.300 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: As long as you keep fighting it, you stand a 00:51:06.300 --> 00:51:07.790 align:middle line:90% chance of hanging onto it. 00:51:07.790 --> 00:51:11.610 align:middle line:90% 00:51:11.610 --> 00:51:13.660 align:middle line:84% Like [UNINTELLIGIBLE] you blink. 00:51:13.660 --> 00:51:15.600 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:51:15.600 --> 00:51:17.540 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I remember hearing about this, so I was looking 00:51:17.540 --> 00:51:18.025 align:middle line:90% to find it. 00:51:18.025 --> 00:51:22.830 align:middle line:84% But Richard Garfield, who created Magic, has a patent on 00:51:22.830 --> 00:51:26.380 align:middle line:84% methods of play for trading card games. 00:51:26.380 --> 00:51:26.470 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Like the 00:51:26.470 --> 00:51:27.030 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE], for instance? 00:51:27.030 --> 00:51:29.925 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: And the one who owns the patent is playing a card 00:51:29.925 --> 00:51:32.850 align:middle line:84% in a certain orientation and then changing it's orientation 00:51:32.850 --> 00:51:36.650 align:middle line:84% in the game field choosing to buy a different state of that 00:51:36.650 --> 00:51:38.075 align:middle line:90% character's embodiment. 00:51:38.075 --> 00:51:39.040 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: What? 00:51:39.040 --> 00:51:39.690 align:middle line:90% [LAUGHTER] 00:51:39.690 --> 00:51:40.997 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:51:40.997 --> 00:51:43.799 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: That is stupid. 00:51:43.799 --> 00:51:45.200 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: He has a patent on tapping cards? 00:51:45.200 --> 00:51:46.440 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: He has a patent on tapping cards, among many 00:51:46.440 --> 00:51:47.600 align:middle line:84% other things that are basically-- 00:51:47.600 --> 00:51:50.676 align:middle line:84% So I suspect that he doesn't enforce this patent or that it 00:51:50.676 --> 00:51:52.950 align:middle line:84% is not enforceable because if you try to enforce it, it gets 00:51:52.950 --> 00:51:54.240 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE PHRASE]. 00:51:54.240 --> 00:51:56.705 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: It is possible, but it's not [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:51:56.705 --> 00:51:58.160 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I heard that the actual 00:51:58.160 --> 00:52:01.070 align:middle line:90% manifestation of that is that-- 00:52:01.070 --> 00:52:03.010 align:middle line:84% I don't know whether [UNINTELLIGIBLE] contested 00:52:03.010 --> 00:52:03.980 align:middle line:90% people over it. 00:52:03.980 --> 00:52:07.030 align:middle line:84% But definitely, they're anti anyone else 00:52:07.030 --> 00:52:08.570 align:middle line:90% using the term tap. 00:52:08.570 --> 00:52:11.730 align:middle line:84% So which is why whenever you go to look at Legend of the 00:52:11.730 --> 00:52:14.428 align:middle line:84% Five Rings or whatever, they have the turned sideways 00:52:14.428 --> 00:52:14.900 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:52:14.900 --> 00:52:17.530 align:middle line:90% But it's called bowing. 00:52:17.530 --> 00:52:20.545 align:middle line:84% And the same is true in any collectible card game that has 00:52:20.545 --> 00:52:23.667 align:middle line:84% a tap mechanic, they're not allowed to use the word, tap. 00:52:23.667 --> 00:52:25.575 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: But that's a copyright. 00:52:25.575 --> 00:52:27.483 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Yeah, it's a copyright. 00:52:27.483 --> 00:52:29.200 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:52:29.200 --> 00:52:31.938 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So I don't know it's been tested because I don't 00:52:31.938 --> 00:52:33.720 align:middle line:84% know if that patent has been contested. 00:52:33.720 --> 00:52:34.270 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: I would suspect not. 00:52:34.270 --> 00:52:34.990 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Probably not. 00:52:34.990 --> 00:52:37.120 align:middle line:90% But it's interesting. 00:52:37.120 --> 00:52:40.290 align:middle line:84% If you look at any of the [UNINTELLIGIBLE], so 00:52:40.290 --> 00:52:40.682 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE] 00:52:40.682 --> 00:52:43.450 align:middle line:84% Pokemon and I don't recall what the others are. 00:52:43.450 --> 00:52:45.570 align:middle line:90% They all use the term tap. 00:52:45.570 --> 00:52:49.810 align:middle line:84% But because of the copyright in which they hold, they're 00:52:49.810 --> 00:52:50.890 align:middle line:84% allowed to do it, but nobody else-- 00:52:50.890 --> 00:52:51.020 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:52:51.020 --> 00:52:53.470 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: The copyright violation probably gives 00:52:53.470 --> 00:52:56.240 align:middle line:84% evidence for a patent violation. 00:52:56.240 --> 00:53:00.200 align:middle line:84% So if you can stay clear of the copyright violation, the 00:53:00.200 --> 00:53:04.030 align:middle line:84% case that Wizards has to be able to contest the same 00:53:04.030 --> 00:53:06.290 align:middle line:84% mechanic that's under [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:53:06.290 --> 00:53:07.890 align:middle line:84% But they might still have a case. 00:53:07.890 --> 00:53:11.052 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I suspect that they think that their patent is not 00:53:11.052 --> 00:53:11.990 align:middle line:90% enforceable. 00:53:11.990 --> 00:53:12.710 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: It's possible. 00:53:12.710 --> 00:53:14.752 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Otherwise, you wouldn't even be able to get 00:53:14.752 --> 00:53:16.429 align:middle line:84% away with not even calling it tapping. 00:53:16.429 --> 00:53:18.235 align:middle line:84% As long as you turn a card, you'd be able to say, hey, do 00:53:18.235 --> 00:53:18.850 align:middle line:90% you have a method? 00:53:18.850 --> 00:53:19.650 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: It's so ridiculous. 00:53:19.650 --> 00:53:22.380 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Entering [UNINTELLIGIBLE PHRASE] 00:53:22.380 --> 00:53:26.850 align:middle line:84% the first orientation at the player's option. 00:53:26.850 --> 00:53:28.880 align:middle line:84% Turning the trick card another orientation 00:53:28.880 --> 00:53:29.900 align:middle line:90% on the playing surface. 00:53:29.900 --> 00:53:32.440 align:middle line:84% It doesn't even say for any reason. 00:53:32.440 --> 00:53:33.960 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: In Naval Battles, you have to turn the card 00:53:33.960 --> 00:53:35.320 align:middle line:90% upside down. 00:53:35.320 --> 00:53:39.488 align:middle line:84% Like submarine cards, you can put them upside down to 00:53:39.488 --> 00:53:41.710 align:middle line:90% [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:53:41.710 --> 00:53:44.634 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:53:44.634 --> 00:53:46.520 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: --method of playing games when two or more players 00:53:46.520 --> 00:53:47.780 align:middle line:90% blah, blah, blah. 00:53:47.780 --> 00:53:49.430 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:53:49.430 --> 00:53:51.390 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So you can see how this gets annoying quick. 00:53:51.390 --> 00:53:54.870 align:middle line:84% But there's actually an, unfortunately, good reason why 00:53:54.870 --> 00:53:57.440 align:middle line:84% things like game mechanics and more often implementation of 00:53:57.440 --> 00:54:00.930 align:middle line:84% game mechanisms code are protected by patents. 00:54:00.930 --> 00:54:05.490 align:middle line:84% Is in that because there are already so many out there, if 00:54:05.490 --> 00:54:08.725 align:middle line:84% your company is just trying to make a game, the likelihood 00:54:08.725 --> 00:54:10.786 align:middle line:84% that you're going to run into a pile of patents is actually 00:54:10.786 --> 00:54:12.690 align:middle line:90% pretty high. 00:54:12.690 --> 00:54:14.560 align:middle line:90% So what do you do? 00:54:14.560 --> 00:54:18.670 align:middle line:84% If you've got something that you know that you created, a 00:54:18.670 --> 00:54:21.200 align:middle line:84% lot of companies just go and patent that. 00:54:21.200 --> 00:54:24.773 align:middle line:84% In the event that it turns out to be a case that you run 00:54:24.773 --> 00:54:27.490 align:middle line:84% afoul of a different patent, they might actually look at 00:54:27.490 --> 00:54:30.430 align:middle line:84% the company that's suing them and say, but you were running 00:54:30.430 --> 00:54:33.870 align:middle line:84% to file our patents because we just also patented something 00:54:33.870 --> 00:54:36.270 align:middle line:90% pretty obvious. 00:54:36.270 --> 00:54:39.130 align:middle line:90% EA, Activision what? 00:54:39.130 --> 00:54:41.020 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: It's all just mutually assured destruction. 00:54:41.020 --> 00:54:41.450 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Exactly. 00:54:41.450 --> 00:54:42.660 align:middle line:84% I mean, well, it's not destruction. 00:54:42.660 --> 00:54:45.000 align:middle line:84% It's what they do is they trade licenses. 00:54:45.000 --> 00:54:48.300 align:middle line:84% It's like we will let you use these patents if you will let 00:54:48.300 --> 00:54:51.415 align:middle line:84% us use that patent and thus, avoid a legal fight. 00:54:51.415 --> 00:54:52.080 align:middle line:90% Final costs. 00:54:52.080 --> 00:54:53.372 align:middle line:90% Lawyers are getting paid 00:54:53.372 --> 00:54:54.505 align:middle line:90% throughout this entire process. 00:54:54.505 --> 00:54:56.450 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [LAUGHTER] 00:54:56.450 --> 00:54:57.446 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: It's cheaper than actually 00:54:57.446 --> 00:54:58.840 align:middle line:90% bringing it to court because-- 00:54:58.840 --> 00:55:02.535 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Your patent isn't validated if you can be shown 00:55:02.535 --> 00:55:04.062 align:middle line:84% someone else came up with it and patented 00:55:04.062 --> 00:55:05.570 align:middle line:90% it earlier in time. 00:55:05.570 --> 00:55:08.110 align:middle line:84% You have to be the first person to come up with it. 00:55:08.110 --> 00:55:09.360 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:55:09.360 --> 00:55:12.550 align:middle line:90% 00:55:12.550 --> 00:55:14.750 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: And that's why I'm sure that Wizard has never 00:55:14.750 --> 00:55:17.530 align:middle line:84% tried to use their patent against people because they 00:55:17.530 --> 00:55:20.070 align:middle line:84% suspect that it's not going to hold up [UNINTELLIGIBLE]. 00:55:20.070 --> 00:55:20.570 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: It's possible. 00:55:20.570 --> 00:55:21.620 align:middle line:90% You may not want to fight it. 00:55:21.620 --> 00:55:23.890 align:middle line:84% But sometimes, the threat of a lawsuit is 00:55:23.890 --> 00:55:25.410 align:middle line:90% a big enough threat. 00:55:25.410 --> 00:55:27.705 align:middle line:84% It's like you don't even have to be able to win it. 00:55:27.705 --> 00:55:29.740 align:middle line:84% You just-- we are a big company. 00:55:29.740 --> 00:55:30.720 align:middle line:90% We have lawyers. 00:55:30.720 --> 00:55:31.634 align:middle line:90% And we can pay them. 00:55:31.634 --> 00:55:32.884 align:middle line:90% Do you? 00:55:32.884 --> 00:55:34.840 align:middle line:90% 00:55:34.840 --> 00:55:38.090 align:middle line:84% So that's one reason I mean why companies that are 00:55:38.090 --> 00:55:41.463 align:middle line:84% otherwise opposed to legal patents will still secure 00:55:41.463 --> 00:55:44.640 align:middle line:90% patents to protect themselves. 00:55:44.640 --> 00:55:45.470 align:middle line:90% It's kind of sad. 00:55:45.470 --> 00:55:47.790 align:middle line:84% It's like one of those things where in a city where everyone 00:55:47.790 --> 00:55:50.594 align:middle line:84% owns a gun, you want to own one, too. 00:55:50.594 --> 00:55:53.300 align:middle line:90% 00:55:53.300 --> 00:55:54.450 align:middle line:90% So that's patents. 00:55:54.450 --> 00:55:55.000 align:middle line:90% We talked about trademarks. 00:55:55.000 --> 00:55:57.180 align:middle line:90% We talked about copyright. 00:55:57.180 --> 00:56:00.130 align:middle line:84% One last thing I kind of want to talk about is fair use. 00:56:00.130 --> 00:56:04.280 align:middle line:84% Fair use is kind of the defense that a lot of schools 00:56:04.280 --> 00:56:05.000 align:middle line:90% fall back on. 00:56:05.000 --> 00:56:07.175 align:middle line:84% The idea that if you're doing something, or if you're 00:56:07.175 --> 00:56:11.515 align:middle line:84% appropriating some sort of material, or some sort of IP 00:56:11.515 --> 00:56:17.820 align:middle line:84% for political or educational reasons, you have a defense. 00:56:17.820 --> 00:56:21.688 align:middle line:84% Should the case be brought to court, you might be able to 00:56:21.688 --> 00:56:24.410 align:middle line:84% defend yourself and win that case by saying well, this was 00:56:24.410 --> 00:56:24.730 align:middle line:90% the reason. 00:56:24.730 --> 00:56:26.500 align:middle line:84% So am I doing something for satirical purposes. 00:56:26.500 --> 00:56:30.850 align:middle line:84% Am I doing something to teach people 00:56:30.850 --> 00:56:34.130 align:middle line:90% about games, for instance. 00:56:34.130 --> 00:56:36.385 align:middle line:84% I'm going to reprint rules or something. 00:56:36.385 --> 00:56:38.630 align:middle line:90% And you guys can look at it. 00:56:38.630 --> 00:56:40.000 align:middle line:90% And you guys can sue me. 00:56:40.000 --> 00:56:41.910 align:middle line:90% And I can claim fair use. 00:56:41.910 --> 00:56:42.800 align:middle line:90% I may not win. 00:56:42.800 --> 00:56:43.430 align:middle line:90% That's the problem. 00:56:43.430 --> 00:56:45.130 align:middle line:90% Fair use is only a defense. 00:56:45.130 --> 00:56:50.130 align:middle line:84% Fair use is not a law that automatically protects you 00:56:50.130 --> 00:56:52.330 align:middle line:90% from being taken to court. 00:56:52.330 --> 00:56:53.750 align:middle line:90% So lawyer's fees. 00:56:53.750 --> 00:56:57.920 align:middle line:90% 00:56:57.920 --> 00:57:01.580 align:middle line:84% Who pays the lawyers' fees depends on the case. 00:57:01.580 --> 00:57:04.710 align:middle line:84% But frankly, I would rather not be put in that position. 00:57:04.710 --> 00:57:05.960 align:middle line:84% So there is that chilling effect. 00:57:05.960 --> 00:57:09.100 align:middle line:90% 00:57:09.100 --> 00:57:13.160 align:middle line:84% Just keep that in mind of the games you guys are making for 00:57:13.160 --> 00:57:14.300 align:middle line:90% the class assignments. 00:57:14.300 --> 00:57:18.000 align:middle line:84% But, of course, we don't expect you to be say, copying 00:57:18.000 --> 00:57:20.570 align:middle line:84% text verbatim from other rule sets. 00:57:20.570 --> 00:57:23.635 align:middle line:84% In fact, I doubt any of you would be particularly 00:57:23.635 --> 00:57:25.730 align:middle line:90% interested in doing so. 00:57:25.730 --> 00:57:28.560 align:middle line:90% Certainly not copying art. 00:57:28.560 --> 00:57:31.120 align:middle line:84% But also, keep in mind that also applies for things like 00:57:31.120 --> 00:57:34.420 align:middle line:90% art that you find online. 00:57:34.420 --> 00:57:35.305 align:middle line:84% You could protect yourself under fair use. 00:57:35.305 --> 00:57:38.180 align:middle line:84% This is for a class assignment, darnit. 00:57:38.180 --> 00:57:40.720 align:middle line:84% And for the most part, no one is really going to notice. 00:57:40.720 --> 00:57:42.750 align:middle line:84% But, of course, if you want to take these games a little bit 00:57:42.750 --> 00:57:45.410 align:middle line:84% further, maybe sell them in the future, you'll want to 00:57:45.410 --> 00:57:47.620 align:middle line:84% rethink about every single piece of art, every single 00:57:47.620 --> 00:57:49.720 align:middle line:84% piece of text that you're using in your games. 00:57:49.720 --> 00:57:52.870 align:middle line:84% Is that coming from somewhere else or can we claim that we 00:57:52.870 --> 00:57:53.365 align:middle line:90% invented that? 00:57:53.365 --> 00:57:56.824 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Have any past students or groups tried to 00:57:56.824 --> 00:57:58.130 align:middle line:90% pitch their games anywhere? 00:57:58.130 --> 00:58:01.080 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Oh, you mean like turn it commercial? 00:58:01.080 --> 00:58:02.520 align:middle line:90% Not to my knowledge. 00:58:02.520 --> 00:58:04.440 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:58:04.440 --> 00:58:04.930 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah, do it. 00:58:04.930 --> 00:58:09.260 align:middle line:84% I mean, based on the games that we played on Tuesday, 00:58:09.260 --> 00:58:10.510 align:middle line:90% absolutely. 00:58:10.510 --> 00:58:14.080 align:middle line:90% 00:58:14.080 --> 00:58:16.160 align:middle line:84% Actually, one of the pieces of feedback that we got from the 00:58:16.160 --> 00:58:17.790 align:middle line:84% GAMBIT [UNINTELLIGIBLE] every single one of those games has 00:58:17.790 --> 00:58:19.835 align:middle line:84% something they have not seen before in a card game. 00:58:19.835 --> 00:58:22.690 align:middle line:90% 00:58:22.690 --> 00:58:24.480 align:middle line:84% Every one of those projects had a 00:58:24.480 --> 00:58:25.910 align:middle line:90% really interesting mechanic. 00:58:25.910 --> 00:58:27.260 align:middle line:84% And as far as I can tell, they've 00:58:27.260 --> 00:58:28.510 align:middle line:90% all really been tested. 00:58:28.510 --> 00:58:31.450 align:middle line:90% 00:58:31.450 --> 00:58:33.035 align:middle line:90% All right. 00:58:33.035 --> 00:58:33.510 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:58:33.510 --> 00:58:37.040 align:middle line:84% So I'm not going anymore into IP discussions. 00:58:37.040 --> 00:58:40.015 align:middle line:84% I spend too much time talking to IP lawyers because we 00:58:40.015 --> 00:58:40.790 align:middle line:90% create IP in this lab. 00:58:40.790 --> 00:58:42.390 align:middle line:90% We create games. 00:58:42.390 --> 00:58:43.800 align:middle line:84% And if anyone happens to be interested. 00:58:43.800 --> 00:58:46.790 align:middle line:84% I was considering a career in law. 00:58:46.790 --> 00:58:50.420 align:middle line:84% I'll be happy to go into greater detail. 00:58:50.420 --> 00:58:54.270 align:middle line:84% But for now, anymore questions? 00:58:54.270 --> 00:58:54.570 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:58:54.570 --> 00:58:55.820 align:middle line:90% Let's just play games. 00:58:55.820 --> 00:58:56.720 align:middle line:90%