WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.090 align:middle line:90% 00:00:00.090 --> 00:00:02.490 align:middle line:84% The following content is provided under a Creative 00:00:02.490 --> 00:00:04.030 align:middle line:90% Commons license. 00:00:04.030 --> 00:00:06.330 align:middle line:84% Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare 00:00:06.330 --> 00:00:10.690 align:middle line:84% continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. 00:00:10.690 --> 00:00:13.320 align:middle line:84% To make a donation or view additional materials 00:00:13.320 --> 00:00:17.280 align:middle line:84% from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare 00:00:17.280 --> 00:00:20.980 align:middle line:90% at ocw.mit.edu 00:00:20.980 --> 00:00:21.630 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:00:21.630 --> 00:00:23.928 align:middle line:90% I'm just going to get started. 00:00:23.928 --> 00:00:28.890 align:middle line:84% First, a little administrative stuff, definitely fewer people 00:00:28.890 --> 00:00:31.690 align:middle line:84% signed in on Monday than actually showed up in class. 00:00:31.690 --> 00:00:35.490 align:middle line:84% So there were a bunch of people who just forgot to sign in. 00:00:35.490 --> 00:00:38.740 align:middle line:84% I tried to check off people that I remembered being in class. 00:00:38.740 --> 00:00:40.920 align:middle line:84% But if you were in class and you think 00:00:40.920 --> 00:00:42.750 align:middle line:84% that you may not have signed in, I 00:00:42.750 --> 00:00:47.148 align:middle line:84% have Monday's sign up sheet here. 00:00:47.148 --> 00:00:48.957 align:middle line:90% So this is up front. 00:00:48.957 --> 00:00:50.290 align:middle line:90% I'm not going to pass it around. 00:00:50.290 --> 00:00:51.930 align:middle line:84% You can just come up here and sign it if you need to. 00:00:51.930 --> 00:00:54.444 align:middle line:84% The actual attendance sheet is, I believe, on the table 00:00:54.444 --> 00:00:55.110 align:middle line:90% right there now. 00:00:55.110 --> 00:00:55.770 align:middle line:90% Yeah. 00:00:55.770 --> 00:00:57.750 align:middle line:84% So make sure that gets handed off 00:00:57.750 --> 00:00:59.840 align:middle line:90% to anybody who comes in later. 00:00:59.840 --> 00:01:02.831 align:middle line:84% And I'm going to start off talking about the reading. 00:01:02.831 --> 00:01:04.289 align:middle line:84% We're going to play some games that 00:01:04.289 --> 00:01:05.640 align:middle line:90% are related to that reading. 00:01:05.640 --> 00:01:10.171 align:middle line:84% And then we're going to take a break, do your set up, 00:01:10.171 --> 00:01:12.170 align:middle line:84% and then you'll be play-testing with each other. 00:01:12.170 --> 00:01:18.600 align:middle line:84% All right, who is on a team who doesn't have a game yet? 00:01:18.600 --> 00:01:21.240 align:middle line:84% You're waiting for team members to bring it in. 00:01:21.240 --> 00:01:23.680 align:middle line:84% You don't think you're going to have a game ready today. 00:01:23.680 --> 00:01:24.930 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: We don't have a game. 00:01:24.930 --> 00:01:25.640 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: We don't have our board, 00:01:25.640 --> 00:01:26.820 align:middle line:90% but we can do it on tiles again. 00:01:26.820 --> 00:01:28.200 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: You can do it on tiles? 00:01:28.200 --> 00:01:30.230 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: So far we've only play-tested in the hallway. 00:01:30.230 --> 00:01:30.840 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:01:30.840 --> 00:01:33.420 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: We actually bought a board, which is on its way. 00:01:33.420 --> 00:01:34.400 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:01:34.400 --> 00:01:36.380 align:middle line:84% On its way is fine, because we're going to do 00:01:36.380 --> 00:01:38.088 align:middle line:84% play-testing in the second half of class. 00:01:38.088 --> 00:01:40.291 align:middle line:84% But on its way, you mean like US Postal-- 00:01:40.291 --> 00:01:42.135 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: On its way as in on a truck. 00:01:42.135 --> 00:01:43.060 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Oh. 00:01:43.060 --> 00:01:44.685 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: We've only played it on tiles. 00:01:44.685 --> 00:01:45.630 align:middle line:90% So far it's worked. 00:01:45.630 --> 00:01:46.880 align:middle line:90% So we can just do it on tiles. 00:01:46.880 --> 00:01:47.713 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: On tiles? 00:01:47.713 --> 00:01:48.726 align:middle line:90% You mean-- 00:01:48.726 --> 00:01:50.100 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Like out in the hallway. 00:01:50.100 --> 00:01:51.862 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Oh, because it's a live action game. 00:01:51.862 --> 00:01:52.200 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Yeah. 00:01:52.200 --> 00:01:52.535 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Oh, all right. 00:01:52.535 --> 00:01:53.290 align:middle line:90% That makes sense. 00:01:53.290 --> 00:01:56.400 align:middle line:90% Actually, that will work fine. 00:01:56.400 --> 00:01:59.044 align:middle line:84% All right, so today's reading was partnered. 00:01:59.044 --> 00:02:01.710 align:middle line:84% And some of you may be surprised that we jumped all the way back 00:02:01.710 --> 00:02:03.180 align:middle line:90% to chapter 1. 00:02:03.180 --> 00:02:05.580 align:middle line:84% But it's kind of revisiting an old topic, right? 00:02:05.580 --> 00:02:08.850 align:middle line:84% First of all, he talks about the basic concepts 00:02:08.850 --> 00:02:12.450 align:middle line:90% of games and play and sports. 00:02:12.450 --> 00:02:15.420 align:middle line:84% And I kind of want to go back to that. 00:02:15.420 --> 00:02:21.240 align:middle line:84% But I've already voiced my own opinion on "what is game" 00:02:21.240 --> 00:02:22.620 align:middle line:90% question. 00:02:22.620 --> 00:02:26.250 align:middle line:84% And I think it's not very productive to talk about what 00:02:26.250 --> 00:02:28.200 align:middle line:84% is a game, because then you now have 00:02:28.200 --> 00:02:30.200 align:middle line:90% to decide what isn't a game. 00:02:30.200 --> 00:02:33.090 align:middle line:84% But what I do like to talk about are all the different things 00:02:33.090 --> 00:02:36.917 align:middle line:90% that play and game can mean-- 00:02:36.917 --> 00:02:38.375 align:middle line:84% especially in the English language. 00:02:38.375 --> 00:02:41.010 align:middle line:90% 00:02:41.010 --> 00:02:43.700 align:middle line:84% Even in Parlett he always talks about how it's a little weird 00:02:43.700 --> 00:02:47.850 align:middle line:84% that we have two different words with two different origins 00:02:47.850 --> 00:02:49.980 align:middle line:90% to mean very related things. 00:02:49.980 --> 00:02:51.810 align:middle line:84% But as a result of that, these two words 00:02:51.810 --> 00:02:54.790 align:middle line:84% have kind of been used and reused 00:02:54.790 --> 00:02:56.850 align:middle line:84% to describe a whole bunch of related-- but not 00:02:56.850 --> 00:02:58.420 align:middle line:90% quite the same-- concepts. 00:02:58.420 --> 00:03:00.940 align:middle line:84% And I just want to be able to run through that with you. 00:03:00.940 --> 00:03:03.490 align:middle line:90% So we have play. 00:03:03.490 --> 00:03:06.040 align:middle line:90% We have game. 00:03:06.040 --> 00:03:06.875 align:middle line:90% We have sport. 00:03:06.875 --> 00:03:10.160 align:middle line:90% 00:03:10.160 --> 00:03:11.780 align:middle line:84% So that's let's talk about what would 00:03:11.780 --> 00:03:14.690 align:middle line:90% be like the noun definitions. 00:03:14.690 --> 00:03:17.320 align:middle line:84% Like, what are all the things that play 00:03:17.320 --> 00:03:20.150 align:middle line:84% can mean, game can mean, or sport 00:03:20.150 --> 00:03:25.432 align:middle line:84% can mean when you are using it as a noun? 00:03:25.432 --> 00:03:27.360 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Game as in-- 00:03:27.360 --> 00:03:28.806 align:middle line:90% I don't know. 00:03:28.806 --> 00:03:32.840 align:middle line:84% Like a fighter maybe, like to spit game. 00:03:32.840 --> 00:03:33.590 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Uh-huh. 00:03:33.590 --> 00:03:36.450 align:middle line:90% To spit-- to spit back game. 00:03:36.450 --> 00:03:38.530 align:middle line:90% So that is-- 00:03:38.530 --> 00:03:39.340 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:03:39.340 --> 00:03:42.270 align:middle line:84% I'm going to use the word swagger, because I think it 00:03:42.270 --> 00:03:45.610 align:middle line:90% gets the concept across well. 00:03:45.610 --> 00:03:46.737 align:middle line:90% Yeah. 00:03:46.737 --> 00:03:48.070 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Like gaming the system. 00:03:48.070 --> 00:03:49.940 align:middle line:90% You know how you're like-- 00:03:49.940 --> 00:03:52.459 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Well, that's kind of verb-y, but yeah. 00:03:52.459 --> 00:03:53.750 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Oh yeah, that's right. 00:03:53.750 --> 00:03:57.450 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: To game-- which means to-- 00:03:57.450 --> 00:03:58.706 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Sorry? 00:03:58.706 --> 00:04:00.706 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: How would you describe that concept-- 00:04:00.706 --> 00:04:03.422 align:middle line:90% to game the system? 00:04:03.422 --> 00:04:05.516 align:middle line:90% Gaming-- gaming the system. 00:04:05.516 --> 00:04:06.980 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: I don't know. 00:04:06.980 --> 00:04:08.940 align:middle line:90% Ways to cheat, or-- 00:04:08.940 --> 00:04:13.545 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Look for loopholes, exploits, you know-- 00:04:13.545 --> 00:04:14.170 align:middle line:90% exploit, maybe. 00:04:14.170 --> 00:04:16.800 align:middle line:90% 00:04:16.800 --> 00:04:17.988 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:04:17.988 --> 00:04:20.790 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Play-- it can be like a move, or like an action 00:04:20.790 --> 00:04:22.014 align:middle line:90% you take. 00:04:22.014 --> 00:04:23.430 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Like a baseball player. 00:04:23.430 --> 00:04:25.170 align:middle line:84% Right, you know-- that was a great play. 00:04:25.170 --> 00:04:26.810 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Yeah. 00:04:26.810 --> 00:04:31.096 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So like tactics almost, right? 00:04:31.096 --> 00:04:32.807 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Yeah. 00:04:32.807 --> 00:04:34.890 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: No wonder you actually have to execute. 00:04:34.890 --> 00:04:35.770 align:middle line:90% I'm glad that you caught that. 00:04:35.770 --> 00:04:37.570 align:middle line:84% It's something that actually had to have happen. 00:04:37.570 --> 00:04:39.170 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Like a theater performance. 00:04:39.170 --> 00:04:41.630 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: A theater performance-- so also stage, 00:04:41.630 --> 00:04:44.960 align:middle line:84% or opera, or something like that-- 00:04:44.960 --> 00:04:46.216 align:middle line:90% a stage play. 00:04:46.216 --> 00:04:50.030 align:middle line:90% 00:04:50.030 --> 00:04:50.710 align:middle line:90% What else is? 00:04:50.710 --> 00:04:54.790 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Play as in not that serious. 00:04:54.790 --> 00:04:55.440 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:04:55.440 --> 00:04:58.010 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Playing around. 00:04:58.010 --> 00:04:59.380 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: So child's play. 00:04:59.380 --> 00:05:02.870 align:middle line:84% You know, this idea of the thing that kids 00:05:02.870 --> 00:05:04.190 align:middle line:90% are doing most of the time. 00:05:04.190 --> 00:05:07.970 align:middle line:84% That's playing in some sort of general noun sense. 00:05:07.970 --> 00:05:08.860 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:05:08.860 --> 00:05:12.218 align:middle line:84% So I'm going to go an put child's-- 00:05:12.218 --> 00:05:14.210 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Like pressing play-- 00:05:14.210 --> 00:05:17.057 align:middle line:84% for a video or starting like a game. 00:05:17.057 --> 00:05:17.640 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:05:17.640 --> 00:05:22.580 align:middle line:84% So play as in to initiate a sequence. 00:05:22.580 --> 00:05:27.240 align:middle line:84% Sometimes overlaps a little bit with this. 00:05:27.240 --> 00:05:29.100 align:middle line:90% But yeah, you know, it will do. 00:05:29.100 --> 00:05:31.830 align:middle line:90% 00:05:31.830 --> 00:05:34.720 align:middle line:84% Because you can use play to describe something 00:05:34.720 --> 00:05:39.040 align:middle line:84% that happened in the past, or to make plays, 00:05:39.040 --> 00:05:40.450 align:middle line:90% and to start a play. 00:05:40.450 --> 00:05:41.430 align:middle line:90% All right. 00:05:41.430 --> 00:05:45.900 align:middle line:84% Or press Play to-- you know, actually, that's-- 00:05:45.900 --> 00:05:48.510 align:middle line:84% instead of initiative, maybe it's like this icon, right? 00:05:48.510 --> 00:05:49.120 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Yeah. 00:05:49.120 --> 00:05:50.495 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: This icon on the VCR-- 00:05:50.495 --> 00:05:53.495 align:middle line:90% no one uses VCRs. 00:05:53.495 --> 00:05:56.710 align:middle line:84% How about on a QuickTime streaming window. 00:05:56.710 --> 00:05:58.968 align:middle line:90% All right, so what else? 00:05:58.968 --> 00:06:01.660 align:middle line:90% 00:06:01.660 --> 00:06:03.303 align:middle line:90% No one's touching sport here. 00:06:03.303 --> 00:06:05.762 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Sports you may like to show off. 00:06:05.762 --> 00:06:08.465 align:middle line:84% Like if you're sporting a [INAUDIBLE] thing. 00:06:08.465 --> 00:06:09.755 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:06:09.755 --> 00:06:11.427 align:middle line:90% So like sporting your colors. 00:06:11.427 --> 00:06:12.010 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Yeah. 00:06:12.010 --> 00:06:15.570 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: OK, so like a display of some sort. 00:06:15.570 --> 00:06:18.540 align:middle line:84% I'm going to put that more in the verb side of things, OK? 00:06:18.540 --> 00:06:21.417 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: It could be like a nickname for a young-- 00:06:21.417 --> 00:06:22.000 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:06:22.000 --> 00:06:22.599 align:middle line:90% Sport. 00:06:22.599 --> 00:06:23.198 align:middle line:90% Yeah. 00:06:23.198 --> 00:06:27.509 align:middle line:90% 00:06:27.509 --> 00:06:30.390 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: It can also be like a good sport, 00:06:30.390 --> 00:06:32.690 align:middle line:90% so like a nice game. 00:06:32.690 --> 00:06:35.584 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So some of those virtuous kind of things. 00:06:35.584 --> 00:06:36.083 align:middle line:90% Yeah. 00:06:36.083 --> 00:06:40.160 align:middle line:90% 00:06:40.160 --> 00:06:42.345 align:middle line:84% I'm not sure if I got that right, but-- 00:06:42.345 --> 00:06:44.065 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: It can mean like fun or hobby-- 00:06:44.065 --> 00:06:47.430 align:middle line:90% like you do something for sport. 00:06:47.430 --> 00:06:48.892 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Fishing for sport. 00:06:48.892 --> 00:06:50.100 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Fishing for sport? 00:06:50.100 --> 00:06:50.720 align:middle line:90% Yeah. 00:06:50.720 --> 00:06:51.580 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Like hunting for sport. 00:06:51.580 --> 00:06:54.180 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Fishing for sport as opposed to sport fishing, 00:06:54.180 --> 00:06:55.020 align:middle line:90% right? 00:06:55.020 --> 00:06:57.230 align:middle line:90% Those are, you know-- 00:06:57.230 --> 00:07:01.170 align:middle line:90% [LAUGHTER] 00:07:01.170 --> 00:07:03.278 align:middle line:84% That's another pun, but never mind. 00:07:03.278 --> 00:07:07.580 align:middle line:90% 00:07:07.580 --> 00:07:08.786 align:middle line:90% So for fun. 00:07:08.786 --> 00:07:12.410 align:middle line:90% 00:07:12.410 --> 00:07:15.570 align:middle line:84% So I mean it's funny, because often it 00:07:15.570 --> 00:07:18.515 align:middle line:84% is used to make something sound like it's for low stakes 00:07:18.515 --> 00:07:20.790 align:middle line:84% when it actually is very high stakes. 00:07:20.790 --> 00:07:23.430 align:middle line:84% Like, you know, oh, we're going to have people for sport. 00:07:23.430 --> 00:07:27.060 align:middle line:90% [LAUGHTER] 00:07:27.060 --> 00:07:31.910 align:middle line:84% I just think of like 18th century literature when 00:07:31.910 --> 00:07:41.842 align:middle line:84% it comes to like, he plays at relationships for sport, 00:07:41.842 --> 00:07:42.800 align:middle line:90% or something like that. 00:07:42.800 --> 00:07:44.300 align:middle line:84% You know, it's like something that's 00:07:44.300 --> 00:07:46.080 align:middle line:84% supposed to be high stakes, but it's not. 00:07:46.080 --> 00:07:49.244 align:middle line:84% OK, so I think maybe instead of for fun, 00:07:49.244 --> 00:07:55.130 align:middle line:84% I'll say for low stakes or no stakes-- 00:07:55.130 --> 00:07:55.840 align:middle line:90% which is bizarre. 00:07:55.840 --> 00:07:59.100 align:middle line:84% Because sport is usually a very high stakes thing. 00:07:59.100 --> 00:08:01.600 align:middle line:90% What else? 00:08:01.600 --> 00:08:04.100 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: People think sport is something athletic. 00:08:04.100 --> 00:08:05.280 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Mm-hmm. 00:08:05.280 --> 00:08:10.850 align:middle line:84% OK, so there's a whole section in Parlett 00:08:10.850 --> 00:08:12.440 align:middle line:84% where he talks about the possibility 00:08:12.440 --> 00:08:16.200 align:middle line:84% that the word game might have come from the bending of knees, 00:08:16.200 --> 00:08:20.875 align:middle line:84% because gam is a sort of Welsh root for a leg-- 00:08:20.875 --> 00:08:24.000 align:middle line:90% gam, cam. 00:08:24.000 --> 00:08:26.480 align:middle line:84% But that's nowadays more associated 00:08:26.480 --> 00:08:29.480 align:middle line:84% with some sort of-- physical activities 00:08:29.480 --> 00:08:32.770 align:middle line:90% and sport tend to go together. 00:08:32.770 --> 00:08:35.190 align:middle line:90% What else? 00:08:35.190 --> 00:08:38.094 align:middle line:90% Like something that you hunt-- 00:08:38.094 --> 00:08:39.496 align:middle line:90% like that sort of game, like-- 00:08:39.496 --> 00:08:40.495 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Like poultry? 00:08:40.495 --> 00:08:45.420 align:middle line:90% 00:08:45.420 --> 00:08:52.190 align:middle line:84% Yeah, game as in animals that you hunt. 00:08:52.190 --> 00:08:52.690 align:middle line:90% Yeah. 00:08:52.690 --> 00:08:57.190 align:middle line:90% 00:08:57.190 --> 00:08:58.516 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: [INAUDIBLE]. 00:08:58.516 --> 00:09:03.000 align:middle line:90% 00:09:03.000 --> 00:09:06.673 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: I guess this is more of an idiomatic expression, 00:09:06.673 --> 00:09:13.591 align:middle line:84% but people tend to use game when something is also low stakes. 00:09:13.591 --> 00:09:15.132 align:middle line:84% Like, you've heard this as a phrase-- 00:09:15.132 --> 00:09:17.540 align:middle line:90% "do you think this is a game?" 00:09:17.540 --> 00:09:19.600 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah. 00:09:19.600 --> 00:09:29.461 align:middle line:84% So again, something that is low stakes or is inconsequential, 00:09:29.461 --> 00:09:29.960 align:middle line:90% almost. 00:09:29.960 --> 00:09:34.450 align:middle line:84% Like there is no penalty for having done this thing. 00:09:34.450 --> 00:09:42.306 align:middle line:90% 00:09:42.306 --> 00:09:44.761 align:middle line:90% All right, what else? 00:09:44.761 --> 00:09:47.295 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: [INAUDIBLE]. 00:09:47.295 --> 00:09:50.740 align:middle line:84% Well, along the same lines, what if you're 00:09:50.740 --> 00:09:54.120 align:middle line:84% like specifically making a joke out of something-- 00:09:54.120 --> 00:09:58.988 align:middle line:84% like you've made is a game to do that? 00:09:58.988 --> 00:10:00.480 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Um, hmm. 00:10:00.480 --> 00:10:04.210 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Like that's sort of like an intention of mocking 00:10:04.210 --> 00:10:05.230 align:middle line:90% or-- 00:10:05.230 --> 00:10:06.980 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Oh, hmm. 00:10:06.980 --> 00:10:08.667 align:middle line:84% I feel that's related to this one. 00:10:08.667 --> 00:10:09.250 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Yeah. 00:10:09.250 --> 00:10:10.750 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Because they're kind of-- 00:10:10.750 --> 00:10:12.215 align:middle line:84% when you make a game of something, 00:10:12.215 --> 00:10:14.590 align:middle line:84% what you're really doing is kind of belittling it, right? 00:10:14.590 --> 00:10:15.376 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Yes. 00:10:15.376 --> 00:10:17.750 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So I think that's just a different application 00:10:17.750 --> 00:10:18.710 align:middle line:90% of the same thing. 00:10:18.710 --> 00:10:20.876 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: But when you're making a game of something, 00:10:20.876 --> 00:10:24.040 align:middle line:84% aren't you also making a structure of it? 00:10:24.040 --> 00:10:26.434 align:middle line:84% Or is that different than what you're saying? 00:10:26.434 --> 00:10:27.100 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: For me? 00:10:27.100 --> 00:10:28.440 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Yeah. 00:10:28.440 --> 00:10:31.080 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Well, I was saying from like the sort of a mockery 00:10:31.080 --> 00:10:33.845 align:middle line:90% sense of it. 00:10:33.845 --> 00:10:36.992 align:middle line:84% Like he made a game of our process, 00:10:36.992 --> 00:10:37.950 align:middle line:90% or something like that. 00:10:37.950 --> 00:10:38.450 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: OK. 00:10:38.450 --> 00:10:40.408 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: But I think making a structure of it 00:10:40.408 --> 00:10:42.160 align:middle line:84% is a different application, right? 00:10:42.160 --> 00:10:46.115 align:middle line:84% It's like you are applying rules to something that might have 00:10:46.115 --> 00:10:47.540 align:middle line:90% not needed it, necessarily. 00:10:47.540 --> 00:10:50.890 align:middle line:84% But, you know, now you're come up with rules. 00:10:50.890 --> 00:10:53.560 align:middle line:84% I'm going to make a game of tipping, right? 00:10:53.560 --> 00:10:57.620 align:middle line:84% Because we have five people, [INAUDIBLE]. 00:10:57.620 --> 00:11:00.570 align:middle line:90% All right. 00:11:00.570 --> 00:11:04.007 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: It can also refer to [? hooks. ?] Like 00:11:04.007 --> 00:11:06.340 align:middle line:84% before the Superbowl, everyone talks about the big game. 00:11:06.340 --> 00:11:07.673 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Big game-- right, OK. 00:11:07.673 --> 00:11:11.844 align:middle line:84% I'm just going to say the big game, or the game. 00:11:11.844 --> 00:11:13.815 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: And I'm also thinking of the phrase 00:11:13.815 --> 00:11:15.400 align:middle line:84% like it's all part of the game, where 00:11:15.400 --> 00:11:16.300 align:middle line:90% someone might do something-- 00:11:16.300 --> 00:11:17.800 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Are they a sports lover? 00:11:17.800 --> 00:11:20.090 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: No, isn't that skin in the game? 00:11:20.090 --> 00:11:21.590 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: No, it's not that-- 00:11:21.590 --> 00:11:26.292 align:middle line:84% even in sports, it's all in the game, right? 00:11:26.292 --> 00:11:28.000 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Even in sports it's in the game. 00:11:28.000 --> 00:11:30.230 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: But skin in the game is almost certainly 00:11:30.230 --> 00:11:33.262 align:middle line:84% a morsel of some sporting good that has-- 00:11:33.262 --> 00:11:34.720 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: It's all part of the game. 00:11:34.720 --> 00:11:35.770 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: It's all part of the game, yeah. 00:11:35.770 --> 00:11:37.978 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Like when someone does something unexpected, 00:11:37.978 --> 00:11:43.510 align:middle line:84% or maybe you might think it's unethical, or slightly immoral, 00:11:43.510 --> 00:11:45.190 align:middle line:84% or going out of the boundaries of the-- 00:11:45.190 --> 00:11:46.820 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Are you thinking of Game of Thrones? 00:11:46.820 --> 00:11:47.403 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:11:47.403 --> 00:11:50.157 align:middle line:90% 00:11:50.157 --> 00:11:51.990 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: I'm thinking of like a lawyer doing 00:11:51.990 --> 00:11:53.507 align:middle line:90% something backhanded. 00:11:53.507 --> 00:11:55.465 align:middle line:84% And you know, like the prosecutor is surprised. 00:11:55.465 --> 00:11:57.048 align:middle line:84% And the defense attorney is like, it's 00:11:57.048 --> 00:11:58.713 align:middle line:90% all part of the game. 00:11:58.713 --> 00:11:59.960 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Right. 00:11:59.960 --> 00:12:03.860 align:middle line:84% Yeah, so there's just sort of like this bounded space where 00:12:03.860 --> 00:12:07.080 align:middle line:84% things are permitted-- like specific kinds of things that 00:12:07.080 --> 00:12:08.870 align:middle line:90% might-- 00:12:08.870 --> 00:12:13.312 align:middle line:90% this introduces a concept that-- 00:12:13.312 --> 00:12:15.055 align:middle line:90% it introduces the magic circle. 00:12:15.055 --> 00:12:17.949 align:middle line:90% 00:12:17.949 --> 00:12:19.615 align:middle line:84% I'm not sure if we have any reading that 00:12:19.615 --> 00:12:22.640 align:middle line:84% touched on this-- but this idea that a game is 00:12:22.640 --> 00:12:25.280 align:middle line:84% this bounded space where you can do things 00:12:25.280 --> 00:12:28.760 align:middle line:84% that you wouldn't necessarily be allowed to do in real life. 00:12:28.760 --> 00:12:31.400 align:middle line:84% And, similarly, consequences that happen inside 00:12:31.400 --> 00:12:32.829 align:middle line:84% don't necessarily apply outside-- 00:12:32.829 --> 00:12:34.870 align:middle line:84% like it's incredibly important to hold it inside. 00:12:34.870 --> 00:12:38.570 align:middle line:84% Like when the position of a ball is 00:12:38.570 --> 00:12:41.010 align:middle line:84% generally meaningless outside of the game. 00:12:41.010 --> 00:12:44.480 align:middle line:84% But inside the game, it's everything, right? 00:12:44.480 --> 00:12:49.610 align:middle line:84% But you know, you can body check somebody in a hockey rink. 00:12:49.610 --> 00:12:52.510 align:middle line:84% You know, you're not really allowed 00:12:52.510 --> 00:12:53.972 align:middle line:90% to do that on the sidewalk. 00:12:53.972 --> 00:12:56.740 align:middle line:90% 00:12:56.740 --> 00:13:00.030 align:middle line:84% So I think that gets close to what you just told 00:13:00.030 --> 00:13:01.417 align:middle line:90% about your lawyer application. 00:13:01.417 --> 00:13:03.500 align:middle line:84% You're allowed to do this within these parameters, 00:13:03.500 --> 00:13:06.370 align:middle line:84% because this is how the game is played, all right? 00:13:06.370 --> 00:13:09.640 align:middle line:84% Whereas, I'm wondering about the game-- 00:13:09.640 --> 00:13:12.530 align:middle line:84% there's this concept of the game, as in the big game, 00:13:12.530 --> 00:13:14.410 align:middle line:84% like a Superbowl And I'm wondering 00:13:14.410 --> 00:13:17.680 align:middle line:84% is that only used in broadcasting? 00:13:17.680 --> 00:13:18.535 align:middle line:90% Or is that-- 00:13:18.535 --> 00:13:19.993 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: So there's certain rights. 00:13:19.993 --> 00:13:22.768 align:middle line:84% So you can't say like Superbowl without getting 00:13:22.768 --> 00:13:25.754 align:middle line:84% permission of whoever has the rights to that name. 00:13:25.754 --> 00:13:27.170 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: But even something like 00:13:27.170 --> 00:13:28.150 align:middle line:84% "are you going to come over to watch 00:13:28.150 --> 00:13:29.360 align:middle line:84% the game", which doesn't necessarily 00:13:29.360 --> 00:13:30.674 align:middle line:90% mean that it's the Superbowl 00:13:30.674 --> 00:13:31.460 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Right. 00:13:31.460 --> 00:13:33.540 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Like there's this weekly thing. 00:13:33.540 --> 00:13:38.591 align:middle line:84% But it seems to be very TV related. 00:13:38.591 --> 00:13:40.382 align:middle line:84% "The Game" as this thing that you see on TV 00:13:40.382 --> 00:13:42.470 align:middle line:84% is this event that's happening at a specific time, 00:13:42.470 --> 00:13:46.347 align:middle line:90% rather than football in general. 00:13:46.347 --> 00:13:47.930 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: There's some crossover, then. 00:13:47.930 --> 00:13:50.940 align:middle line:84% Because like the stage aspect-- because you're watching it-- 00:13:50.940 --> 00:13:52.190 align:middle line:90% but also the athletic aspect-- 00:13:52.190 --> 00:13:52.580 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Yeah it goes back to this. 00:13:52.580 --> 00:13:53.970 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: --because it's a sport, and you watch the game. 00:13:53.970 --> 00:13:54.636 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah. 00:13:54.636 --> 00:13:56.583 align:middle line:84% So I'm just going to put TV next to that. 00:13:56.583 --> 00:13:57.083 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:13:57.083 --> 00:13:57.930 align:middle line:84% You had your hand up for a moment. 00:13:57.930 --> 00:14:00.305 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Yeah, I was going to say games as like skill, as 00:14:00.305 --> 00:14:01.555 align:middle line:90% in like he's got game-- 00:14:01.555 --> 00:14:04.275 align:middle line:90% sort of like skill or ability. 00:14:04.275 --> 00:14:05.650 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I think that goes back 00:14:05.650 --> 00:14:06.330 align:middle line:90% to the swagger a little bit. 00:14:06.330 --> 00:14:07.731 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Yeah, kind of. 00:14:07.731 --> 00:14:11.310 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: But swagger's like attitude, 00:14:11.310 --> 00:14:14.792 align:middle line:90% whereas this might be skill. 00:14:14.792 --> 00:14:16.210 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: I guess if you go by-- 00:14:16.210 --> 00:14:18.270 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: The assumption, I think, 00:14:18.270 --> 00:14:20.610 align:middle line:90% is that those two are related. 00:14:20.610 --> 00:14:22.640 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Well, one is the appearance of skill, 00:14:22.640 --> 00:14:23.939 align:middle line:90% and the other is having skill. 00:14:23.939 --> 00:14:25.980 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Oh, spit mad game versus got mad game. 00:14:25.980 --> 00:14:26.050 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:14:26.050 --> 00:14:26.330 align:middle line:90% All right. 00:14:26.330 --> 00:14:26.890 align:middle line:90% OK, OK. 00:14:26.890 --> 00:14:31.450 align:middle line:84% So actual skill versus the portrayal of that. 00:14:31.450 --> 00:14:34.310 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: The game, like as a pick-up artist thing. 00:14:34.310 --> 00:14:43.166 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Oh, that's sort of the dating game, basically. 00:14:43.166 --> 00:14:44.984 align:middle line:90% It's kind of like-- 00:14:44.984 --> 00:14:47.400 align:middle line:84% I know that in those books that's very specifically called 00:14:47.400 --> 00:14:48.560 align:middle line:90% a game. 00:14:48.560 --> 00:14:51.210 align:middle line:84% But I think that the use of the words "the game" 00:14:51.210 --> 00:14:55.000 align:middle line:84% to describe dating in general predates that book by far. 00:14:55.000 --> 00:15:00.940 align:middle line:90% 00:15:00.940 --> 00:15:03.860 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Play could also be referring to sports. 00:15:03.860 --> 00:15:08.152 align:middle line:84% Like in football, there's a certain book that you 00:15:08.152 --> 00:15:09.160 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] plays-- 00:15:09.160 --> 00:15:10.200 align:middle line:90% a play book. 00:15:10.200 --> 00:15:11.006 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah. 00:15:11.006 --> 00:15:13.420 align:middle line:84% That was kind of like defense, right? 00:15:13.420 --> 00:15:15.197 align:middle line:90% But you're right. 00:15:15.197 --> 00:15:16.530 align:middle line:90% You can write these things down. 00:15:16.530 --> 00:15:18.940 align:middle line:84% You can talk about them as a library of things 00:15:18.940 --> 00:15:22.260 align:middle line:90% that you can do. 00:15:22.260 --> 00:15:24.040 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: There's the Great Game. 00:15:24.040 --> 00:15:25.176 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: The Great Game? 00:15:25.176 --> 00:15:28.700 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Was it the Afghan War or the Crimean War? 00:15:28.700 --> 00:15:30.012 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Oh. 00:15:30.012 --> 00:15:32.370 align:middle line:90% So now we're thinking part two. 00:15:32.370 --> 00:15:32.990 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Yeah. 00:15:32.990 --> 00:15:34.210 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:15:34.210 --> 00:15:36.450 align:middle line:84% So like the England versus Russia-- 00:15:36.450 --> 00:15:38.260 align:middle line:90% or Napoleon versus Russia-- 00:15:38.260 --> 00:15:40.110 align:middle line:84% I forget exactly the years and dates. 00:15:40.110 --> 00:15:44.930 align:middle line:84% But it was a social political conflict going on. 00:15:44.930 --> 00:15:48.119 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So there are specific wars that 00:15:48.119 --> 00:15:49.410 align:middle line:90% are referred to as great games. 00:15:49.410 --> 00:15:55.460 align:middle line:90% 00:15:55.460 --> 00:15:57.950 align:middle line:84% Game of Thrones probably is related to that, too. 00:15:57.950 --> 00:16:03.040 align:middle line:84% Although, that includes political things. 00:16:03.040 --> 00:16:06.160 align:middle line:84% I mean, even just on the noun side, we've gone through a lot. 00:16:06.160 --> 00:16:09.830 align:middle line:90% 00:16:09.830 --> 00:16:13.090 align:middle line:84% If we include adjectives-- and we've brought up a couple 00:16:13.090 --> 00:16:14.640 align:middle line:90% of adjectives so far-- 00:16:14.640 --> 00:16:17.330 align:middle line:84% part of those to talk about how some people can say that you 00:16:17.330 --> 00:16:19.650 align:middle line:84% have a [INAUDIBLE], which means you 00:16:19.650 --> 00:16:22.970 align:middle line:84% actually have [INAUDIBLE], which is kind of weird. 00:16:22.970 --> 00:16:27.260 align:middle line:84% But it's his extrapolation of where the word game might 00:16:27.260 --> 00:16:29.987 align:middle line:84% actually have come from Celtic origins 00:16:29.987 --> 00:16:31.278 align:middle line:90% rather than from Latin origins. 00:16:31.278 --> 00:16:34.090 align:middle line:90% 00:16:34.090 --> 00:16:36.850 align:middle line:90% How about verbs? 00:16:36.850 --> 00:16:39.350 align:middle line:90% Sporting-- to sport-- 00:16:39.350 --> 00:16:41.820 align:middle line:84% well, I guess we already did to sport. 00:16:41.820 --> 00:16:54.174 align:middle line:84% Although-- to game, to play, [INAUDIBLE]. 00:16:54.174 --> 00:16:55.590 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Like playing [INAUDIBLE]. 00:16:55.590 --> 00:16:57.530 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah, exactly. 00:16:57.530 --> 00:16:58.800 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Like to execute. 00:16:58.800 --> 00:17:05.437 align:middle line:84% Like if you make a play, that's like you're executing it. 00:17:05.437 --> 00:17:06.895 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Building on that, it could 00:17:06.895 --> 00:17:09.310 align:middle line:84% be like a performance-- like to play an instrument. 00:17:09.310 --> 00:17:09.894 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:17:09.894 --> 00:17:11.351 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: When you play [? a part ?] 00:17:11.351 --> 00:17:12.650 align:middle line:90% you kind of execute it. 00:17:12.650 --> 00:17:15.839 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: You're executing a series of things. 00:17:15.839 --> 00:17:18.950 align:middle line:84% You execute a stage play [INAUDIBLE]. 00:17:18.950 --> 00:17:21.030 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: But to play something in a game 00:17:21.030 --> 00:17:23.349 align:middle line:84% seems like a much more time-limited thing 00:17:23.349 --> 00:17:25.750 align:middle line:84% than to play a musical instrument. 00:17:25.750 --> 00:17:28.400 align:middle line:84% It seems kind of like a lifetime thing, almost. 00:17:28.400 --> 00:17:30.600 align:middle line:90% Like I play something. 00:17:30.600 --> 00:17:34.210 align:middle line:84% I play the clarinet has a very different connotation from I 00:17:34.210 --> 00:17:39.030 align:middle line:84% play this queen, or I play this card. 00:17:39.030 --> 00:17:42.327 align:middle line:90% So those are two-- 00:17:42.327 --> 00:17:43.910 align:middle line:84% probably on the same spectrum, they're 00:17:43.910 --> 00:17:46.410 align:middle line:84% like almost on opposite ends-- closely related, 00:17:46.410 --> 00:17:47.565 align:middle line:90% but on opposite ends. 00:17:47.565 --> 00:17:54.840 align:middle line:90% 00:17:54.840 --> 00:17:56.790 align:middle line:90% Sporting? 00:17:56.790 --> 00:18:00.740 align:middle line:84% Sporting I generally associate-- again, sort of like 00:18:00.740 --> 00:18:02.090 align:middle line:90% "to be a good sport". 00:18:02.090 --> 00:18:05.835 align:middle line:84% But this is more like fairness-- sporting-- 00:18:05.835 --> 00:18:07.710 align:middle line:84% give someone a sporting chance kind of thing. 00:18:07.710 --> 00:18:12.090 align:middle line:90% 00:18:12.090 --> 00:18:13.640 align:middle line:90% If it's just to finish. 00:18:13.640 --> 00:18:14.890 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: It actually might be. 00:18:14.890 --> 00:18:23.130 align:middle line:90% 00:18:23.130 --> 00:18:24.840 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: It's funny how this seems 00:18:24.840 --> 00:18:29.506 align:middle line:84% to be like the only connotation of game as a verb, right? 00:18:29.506 --> 00:18:32.842 align:middle line:84% But gaming is also kind of associated with the gambling 00:18:32.842 --> 00:18:34.530 align:middle line:90% industry. 00:18:34.530 --> 00:18:38.070 align:middle line:84% It you go to a gaming conference, what you actually 00:18:38.070 --> 00:18:41.070 align:middle line:84% mean is that they're talking about stakes-- 00:18:41.070 --> 00:18:45.714 align:middle line:90% stake games, roulette-- 00:18:45.714 --> 00:18:49.500 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: What about like to game-- 00:18:49.500 --> 00:18:50.640 align:middle line:90% like I play games. 00:18:50.640 --> 00:18:52.440 align:middle line:90% I game. 00:18:52.440 --> 00:18:57.820 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Yeah, so that's a fairly recent connotation-- 00:18:57.820 --> 00:19:03.066 align:middle line:84% usually in association with digital games, but not always, 00:19:03.066 --> 00:19:03.566 align:middle line:90% right? 00:19:03.566 --> 00:19:07.040 align:middle line:90% So to play. 00:19:07.040 --> 00:19:15.824 align:middle line:90% 00:19:15.824 --> 00:19:18.540 align:middle line:84% So we can say to someone, I am a gamer. 00:19:18.540 --> 00:19:21.930 align:middle line:84% It's not implying that I look for loopholes in everything 00:19:21.930 --> 00:19:22.987 align:middle line:90% that I can do. 00:19:22.987 --> 00:19:29.670 align:middle line:90% 00:19:29.670 --> 00:19:35.430 align:middle line:84% So I'm pretty sure we could keep on going for a while. 00:19:35.430 --> 00:19:37.997 align:middle line:84% I just think it's kind of neat that we 00:19:37.997 --> 00:19:41.210 align:middle line:84% have all of these different terminologies 00:19:41.210 --> 00:19:44.750 align:middle line:90% that all use the same words. 00:19:44.750 --> 00:19:49.080 align:middle line:84% It often can get confusing in sort of casual speech. 00:19:49.080 --> 00:19:51.630 align:middle line:84% Specifically, it doesn't get too confusing 00:19:51.630 --> 00:19:54.195 align:middle line:84% when you're talking to fellow designers or other people 00:19:54.195 --> 00:19:55.070 align:middle line:90% in the game industry. 00:19:55.070 --> 00:19:57.360 align:middle line:84% Because the context of which they're 00:19:57.360 --> 00:20:00.740 align:middle line:84% using any one of these words, to me, is pretty clear. 00:20:00.740 --> 00:20:03.240 align:middle line:84% And you're always thinking about the context when you say, 00:20:03.240 --> 00:20:09.540 align:middle line:84% you know, I game the system, or they've got game. 00:20:09.540 --> 00:20:16.790 align:middle line:84% You know, it makes it very clear. 00:20:16.790 --> 00:20:23.110 align:middle line:84% But I do think that Parlett kind of slightly opens the box. 00:20:23.110 --> 00:20:27.720 align:middle line:84% He tries to cut it into a sort of a cross section of all 00:20:27.720 --> 00:20:30.090 align:middle line:84% the things that these words can possibly mean. 00:20:30.090 --> 00:20:33.910 align:middle line:90% Yet, it's even richer than that. 00:20:33.910 --> 00:20:37.170 align:middle line:84% And the reason why he does that is so that he can actually 00:20:37.170 --> 00:20:39.150 align:middle line:84% get into the topic of his book, which 00:20:39.150 --> 00:20:40.600 align:middle line:90% is board games specifically. 00:20:40.600 --> 00:20:42.200 align:middle line:90% And he starts breaking it down. 00:20:42.200 --> 00:20:43.620 align:middle line:84% He's like, all right, now that we 00:20:43.620 --> 00:20:47.520 align:middle line:84% know that games and play and sports and everything 00:20:47.520 --> 00:20:49.490 align:middle line:84% are all kind of fuzzy, and muddled, and not 00:20:49.490 --> 00:20:53.820 align:middle line:84% really very clear, how do sort of at least clarify 00:20:53.820 --> 00:20:57.548 align:middle line:84% what we're talking about when it comes to board games? 00:20:57.548 --> 00:21:01.320 align:middle line:84% Anyone remember the five things that he ended up with-- 00:21:01.320 --> 00:21:03.310 align:middle line:84% the five categories of board games 00:21:03.310 --> 00:21:05.969 align:middle line:90% that he kind of ended up with? 00:21:05.969 --> 00:21:07.260 align:middle line:90% Four of the rhyme, one doesn't. 00:21:07.260 --> 00:21:09.788 align:middle line:90% 00:21:09.788 --> 00:21:10.760 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Race games. 00:21:10.760 --> 00:21:12.460 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Race games. 00:21:12.460 --> 00:21:13.370 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Space games. 00:21:13.370 --> 00:21:14.525 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Space games. 00:21:14.525 --> 00:21:15.400 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Chase games. 00:21:15.400 --> 00:21:16.992 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Chase games. 00:21:16.992 --> 00:21:18.240 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Displacement. 00:21:18.240 --> 00:21:22.460 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: And displace, which he admits he only 00:21:22.460 --> 00:21:24.110 align:middle line:84% gave that name because it rhymes. 00:21:24.110 --> 00:21:25.130 align:middle line:90% And then number five? 00:21:25.130 --> 00:21:27.457 align:middle line:90% 00:21:27.457 --> 00:21:29.040 align:middle line:84% I think he just give up at this point. 00:21:29.040 --> 00:21:36.419 align:middle line:90% 00:21:36.419 --> 00:21:37.210 align:middle line:90% It was interesting. 00:21:37.210 --> 00:21:38.850 align:middle line:84% Because he was kind of saying like here 00:21:38.850 --> 00:21:48.160 align:middle line:84% are these four that, traditionally, other scholars 00:21:48.160 --> 00:21:51.420 align:middle line:84% like to study, because they are bereft of theme. 00:21:51.420 --> 00:21:55.150 align:middle line:90% 00:21:55.150 --> 00:21:57.760 align:middle line:84% And they look at themed games, and they say, like, 00:21:57.760 --> 00:21:59.590 align:middle line:90% that's not worthy of studying. 00:21:59.590 --> 00:22:01.630 align:middle line:90% There's this whole chunk. 00:22:01.630 --> 00:22:03.865 align:middle line:90% And Parlett says, wait a minute. 00:22:03.865 --> 00:22:06.490 align:middle line:84% First of all, most of games that you'll buy off the shelf right 00:22:06.490 --> 00:22:08.660 align:middle line:90% now are probably themed games. 00:22:08.660 --> 00:22:11.820 align:middle line:84% And the reason why there is this interest in race games, 00:22:11.820 --> 00:22:14.490 align:middle line:90% chase games, displace games-- 00:22:14.490 --> 00:22:15.580 align:middle line:90% space games? 00:22:15.580 --> 00:22:17.330 align:middle line:90% I think I'm confused. 00:22:17.330 --> 00:22:21.850 align:middle line:90% 00:22:21.850 --> 00:22:24.970 align:middle line:84% He also describes those more as positional games. 00:22:24.970 --> 00:22:30.850 align:middle line:84% And positional games of the sort that scholars like to study 00:22:30.850 --> 00:22:33.460 align:middle line:84% tend to be folk games that have been handed down 00:22:33.460 --> 00:22:34.970 align:middle line:90% from generations. 00:22:34.970 --> 00:22:37.040 align:middle line:84% Of course, he's narrowing it down to board games. 00:22:37.040 --> 00:22:40.220 align:middle line:84% He's not including things like card games, which are also 00:22:40.220 --> 00:22:42.140 align:middle line:90% a very rich game tradition. 00:22:42.140 --> 00:22:44.740 align:middle line:84% He has a whole separate book-- that I think we also get 00:22:44.740 --> 00:22:46.560 align:middle line:90% to in this class-- 00:22:46.560 --> 00:22:47.680 align:middle line:90% on card games. 00:22:47.680 --> 00:22:52.855 align:middle line:84% But this is just specifically his board game work. 00:22:52.855 --> 00:22:54.730 align:middle line:84% But he wants to start looking at theme games. 00:22:54.730 --> 00:22:58.876 align:middle line:84% And this was him introducing scholarship on theme games 00:22:58.876 --> 00:23:01.690 align:middle line:90% later on on his book. 00:23:01.690 --> 00:23:05.280 align:middle line:84% I just want to make you realize that the whole idea of studying 00:23:05.280 --> 00:23:06.580 align:middle line:90% games as a product-- 00:23:06.580 --> 00:23:08.680 align:middle line:84% we already talked a little bit about how 00:23:08.680 --> 00:23:12.640 align:middle line:84% the idea of a game as a product to begin with is fairly new. 00:23:12.640 --> 00:23:16.970 align:middle line:84% We're talking about 1900s when that starts to become a thing. 00:23:16.970 --> 00:23:21.850 align:middle line:84% But then the idea of studying something like that-- 00:23:21.850 --> 00:23:24.210 align:middle line:84% I think we're talking about like '50s and '60s-- 00:23:24.210 --> 00:23:27.260 align:middle line:84% very, very recent-- the idea that games as a product 00:23:27.260 --> 00:23:28.700 align:middle line:90% is something that we can study. 00:23:28.700 --> 00:23:30.250 align:middle line:84% Whereas things like games as a sport 00:23:30.250 --> 00:23:34.900 align:middle line:84% can probably go back a little bit further than that. 00:23:34.900 --> 00:23:37.690 align:middle line:84% Statistics, for instance, has been obsessed with baseball 00:23:37.690 --> 00:23:40.457 align:middle line:84% for a long time, because it's very rich 00:23:40.457 --> 00:23:42.800 align:middle line:90% and we have good products. 00:23:42.800 --> 00:23:46.330 align:middle line:84% So I don't want to get too much into how he 00:23:46.330 --> 00:23:47.730 align:middle line:90% arrives at those definitions. 00:23:47.730 --> 00:23:49.480 align:middle line:84% You know, he takes a couple of definitions 00:23:49.480 --> 00:23:50.938 align:middle line:84% that other people have come up with 00:23:50.938 --> 00:23:52.180 align:middle line:90% and tries to build on them. 00:23:52.180 --> 00:23:56.110 align:middle line:84% Like all scholars, he citing previous work. 00:23:56.110 --> 00:24:00.730 align:middle line:84% But what I'd like have us play today 00:24:00.730 --> 00:24:03.550 align:middle line:84% are what I feel are a couple of modern 00:24:03.550 --> 00:24:07.670 align:middle line:84% takes on those categories that he came up with. 00:24:07.670 --> 00:24:11.200 align:middle line:90% So in the race game-- 00:24:11.200 --> 00:24:15.894 align:middle line:84% what's a race game, if you have to describe it in one sentence? 00:24:15.894 --> 00:24:17.560 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: You get to the end point first. 00:24:17.560 --> 00:24:19.434 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Get to the end point first, right? 00:24:19.434 --> 00:24:27.150 align:middle line:84% So Cartagena-- has anyone played this? 00:24:27.150 --> 00:24:27.880 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:24:27.880 --> 00:24:32.830 align:middle line:84% So if you look at the game, it feels a little bit 00:24:32.830 --> 00:24:35.210 align:middle line:90% like a tile-laying game. 00:24:35.210 --> 00:24:37.710 align:middle line:84% Because what you're really doing is you are trying to create 00:24:37.710 --> 00:24:40.510 align:middle line:84% this path from the jail that is keeping you-- 00:24:40.510 --> 00:24:42.014 align:middle line:90% you're a bunch of pirates-- 00:24:42.014 --> 00:24:44.430 align:middle line:84% from the jail that is keeping you all the way to the boat. 00:24:44.430 --> 00:24:48.320 align:middle line:84% And then you can run off scot-free. 00:24:48.320 --> 00:24:51.670 align:middle line:84% But one of the core mechanics is that every player controls 00:24:51.670 --> 00:24:53.239 align:middle line:90% a different set of pirates. 00:24:53.239 --> 00:24:54.780 align:middle line:84% You have a bunch of different colors. 00:24:54.780 --> 00:24:57.740 align:middle line:84% You're all trying to get to the boat first. 00:24:57.740 --> 00:25:00.010 align:middle line:84% So the first person to get your entire gang of pirates 00:25:00.010 --> 00:25:01.250 align:middle line:90% to the boat wins. 00:25:01.250 --> 00:25:02.100 align:middle line:90% So it's a race game. 00:25:02.100 --> 00:25:03.810 align:middle line:84% You're racing against other people. 00:25:03.810 --> 00:25:05.340 align:middle line:84% It just happens to be the track that you're 00:25:05.340 --> 00:25:06.715 align:middle line:84% racing on happens to be something 00:25:06.715 --> 00:25:08.714 align:middle line:84% that you build over time rather than something 00:25:08.714 --> 00:25:09.630 align:middle line:90% that's pre-determined. 00:25:09.630 --> 00:25:13.096 align:middle line:84% So there's something they'll take I think. 00:25:13.096 --> 00:25:16.580 align:middle line:84% Let me skip over to read the other things. 00:25:16.580 --> 00:25:19.000 align:middle line:84% For displaced games, has anyone played 00:25:19.000 --> 00:25:20.420 align:middle line:90% Twilight Struggle in this room? 00:25:20.420 --> 00:25:21.190 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:25:21.190 --> 00:25:25.170 align:middle line:84% I may need you to help explain this game to other people. 00:25:25.170 --> 00:25:25.940 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: OK. 00:25:25.940 --> 00:25:30.243 align:middle line:84% I've played it once, like at the end of my first semester. 00:25:30.243 --> 00:25:30.826 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:25:30.826 --> 00:25:31.870 align:middle line:90% All right. 00:25:31.870 --> 00:25:33.850 align:middle line:84% I'll just take a look at the rules again. 00:25:33.850 --> 00:25:36.040 align:middle line:84% This is unfortunately a little bit 00:25:36.040 --> 00:25:38.750 align:middle line:84% of a tall order to ask someone to pick up 00:25:38.750 --> 00:25:41.617 align:middle line:90% Twilight Struggle in class. 00:25:41.617 --> 00:25:43.700 align:middle line:84% But this was looking at ease of the design system. 00:25:43.700 --> 00:25:44.770 align:middle line:90% This is a war game. 00:25:44.770 --> 00:25:47.200 align:middle line:84% You are given a map of the world. 00:25:47.200 --> 00:25:48.340 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Oh, gosh. 00:25:48.340 --> 00:25:49.920 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK? 00:25:49.920 --> 00:25:51.360 align:middle line:90% It's the Cold War-- 00:25:51.360 --> 00:25:54.427 align:middle line:84% 1945 to 1989-- and there's a whole bunch 00:25:54.427 --> 00:25:56.260 align:middle line:84% of things that come from modern game design, 00:25:56.260 --> 00:26:00.070 align:middle line:84% like you have event cards that recall important things that 00:26:00.070 --> 00:26:03.190 align:middle line:84% happened-- the Cuban Missile Crisis, Korean War, Pershing II 00:26:03.190 --> 00:26:06.340 align:middle line:84% rockets deployed, things like that. 00:26:06.340 --> 00:26:09.850 align:middle line:84% But again, it's about influence across a space, 00:26:09.850 --> 00:26:12.010 align:middle line:84% which just happens to be laid out 00:26:12.010 --> 00:26:16.210 align:middle line:84% on top of the map of the world to regions like the United 00:26:16.210 --> 00:26:20.200 align:middle line:84% States of America, to South and Central America, 00:26:20.200 --> 00:26:24.340 align:middle line:84% to Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and so on and so forth. 00:26:24.340 --> 00:26:27.020 align:middle line:84% So you're deploying influence points, 00:26:27.020 --> 00:26:30.430 align:middle line:84% which is not all that different from deploying 00:26:30.430 --> 00:26:31.900 align:middle line:90% what he calls mans-- 00:26:31.900 --> 00:26:39.310 align:middle line:84% men-- mans-- across a space, and trying 00:26:39.310 --> 00:26:43.390 align:middle line:84% to be able to push influence towards your faction, 00:26:43.390 --> 00:26:46.290 align:middle line:84% rather than to the opposite, depending on whether you're 00:26:46.290 --> 00:26:49.550 align:middle line:90% playing the US or the soviets. 00:26:49.550 --> 00:26:57.340 align:middle line:84% So displace games-- hold on, are those displace games? 00:26:57.340 --> 00:27:00.130 align:middle line:90% 00:27:00.130 --> 00:27:03.280 align:middle line:84% Well, let me just set up this one too. 00:27:03.280 --> 00:27:07.270 align:middle line:84% Scotland Yard-- I think this might have been-- 00:27:07.270 --> 00:27:10.090 align:middle line:90% 00:27:10.090 --> 00:27:13.104 align:middle line:84% this was what I intended to bring out as displace. 00:27:13.104 --> 00:27:15.187 align:middle line:84% But I'm not quite sure that you capture any pieces 00:27:15.187 --> 00:27:15.644 align:middle line:90% in this game. 00:27:15.644 --> 00:27:16.101 align:middle line:90% Do you recall? 00:27:16.101 --> 00:27:16.560 align:middle line:90% Do you capture things? 00:27:16.560 --> 00:27:17.940 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: You capture influence. 00:27:17.940 --> 00:27:20.698 align:middle line:84% You trade influence back and forth over-- 00:27:20.698 --> 00:27:21.477 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Right. 00:27:21.477 --> 00:27:23.852 align:middle line:84% You capture it, but then you can reintroduce it later on. 00:27:23.852 --> 00:27:24.240 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Yeah. 00:27:24.240 --> 00:27:24.823 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:27:24.823 --> 00:27:28.310 align:middle line:90% So this has been displaced. 00:27:28.310 --> 00:27:30.310 align:middle line:84% Scotland Yard, which I believe we have mentioned 00:27:30.310 --> 00:27:33.550 align:middle line:84% in class before, is kind of like the evolution 00:27:33.550 --> 00:27:35.020 align:middle line:90% of the chase game. 00:27:35.020 --> 00:27:39.270 align:middle line:90% Chase games are super old. 00:27:39.270 --> 00:27:41.560 align:middle line:84% Some of the more famous ancient ones 00:27:41.560 --> 00:27:43.590 align:middle line:90% are Scandinavian in origin-- 00:27:43.590 --> 00:27:46.230 align:middle line:84% a lot of Norse-- a lot of Viking games-- 00:27:46.230 --> 00:27:48.520 align:middle line:90% where you have a King. 00:27:48.520 --> 00:27:50.940 align:middle line:84% You have a couple of bodyguards for the king. 00:27:50.940 --> 00:27:54.080 align:middle line:84% And you've got a whole bunch of low level pawns 00:27:54.080 --> 00:27:56.950 align:middle line:90% all trying to flank the king. 00:27:56.950 --> 00:27:59.670 align:middle line:84% That's the theme of a whole genre 00:27:59.670 --> 00:28:02.140 align:middle line:84% of games called Tafl, of which chase games will 00:28:02.140 --> 00:28:03.985 align:middle line:90% form a big part of. 00:28:03.985 --> 00:28:08.920 align:middle line:84% In this game, you are a Mr. X on the run from a bunch 00:28:08.920 --> 00:28:11.050 align:middle line:90% of Scotland Yard detectives. 00:28:11.050 --> 00:28:13.090 align:middle line:90% The map is London. 00:28:13.090 --> 00:28:15.727 align:middle line:84% More importantly, it's the London public transport system. 00:28:15.727 --> 00:28:17.310 align:middle line:84% And what you're trying to do is you're 00:28:17.310 --> 00:28:18.370 align:middle line:90% trying to go underground. 00:28:18.370 --> 00:28:23.320 align:middle line:84% You're trying to grab cabs, take buses, and conceal where 00:28:23.320 --> 00:28:26.320 align:middle line:84% you are while the rest of the players 00:28:26.320 --> 00:28:28.790 align:middle line:84% were all controlling the detectives. 00:28:28.790 --> 00:28:32.082 align:middle line:84% Actually-- yeah, three to six players. 00:28:32.082 --> 00:28:33.790 align:middle line:84% The people who are controlling detectives 00:28:33.790 --> 00:28:35.414 align:middle line:84% are basically just trying to flank you. 00:28:35.414 --> 00:28:39.400 align:middle line:84% And so-- a nice little modern evolution-- 00:28:39.400 --> 00:28:41.500 align:middle line:84% they have a neat little doodad, which 00:28:41.500 --> 00:28:44.570 align:middle line:84% is the way to be able to track the moves that you 00:28:44.570 --> 00:28:49.450 align:middle line:84% made without revealing it to your opponents. 00:28:49.450 --> 00:28:53.220 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: Is the bad guy's position private or public. 00:28:53.220 --> 00:28:54.300 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: It is private. 00:28:54.300 --> 00:28:58.000 align:middle line:84% But little bits of information pop up. 00:28:58.000 --> 00:29:01.936 align:middle line:84% So you reveal that in the public. 00:29:01.936 --> 00:29:07.470 align:middle line:84% Empire Builder is a train game which one of our grad student 00:29:07.470 --> 00:29:11.551 align:middle line:84% alums now almost exclusively studies-- 00:29:11.551 --> 00:29:14.920 align:middle line:84% but a very interesting kind of training game 00:29:14.920 --> 00:29:18.210 align:middle line:84% that you may not have heard of, called crayon rails, 00:29:18.210 --> 00:29:23.720 align:middle line:84% where you are given a big sheet of plastic laminated board-- 00:29:23.720 --> 00:29:25.810 align:middle line:84% I guess it's kind of like a jigsaw-- 00:29:25.810 --> 00:29:28.099 align:middle line:90% and a grease crayon-- 00:29:28.099 --> 00:29:29.640 align:middle line:84% a bunch of grease crayons, actually-- 00:29:29.640 --> 00:29:31.980 align:middle line:90% Crayola washable crayons. 00:29:31.980 --> 00:29:33.940 align:middle line:90% Here we go. 00:29:33.940 --> 00:29:36.852 align:middle line:84% And you are just drawing your rails across the map, 00:29:36.852 --> 00:29:38.560 align:middle line:84% trying to establish your railroad empire. 00:29:38.560 --> 00:29:43.280 align:middle line:90% 00:29:43.280 --> 00:29:44.905 align:middle line:84% So this was the one that I was thinking 00:29:44.905 --> 00:29:48.280 align:middle line:84% of as space, because it's all about occupying space. 00:29:48.280 --> 00:29:50.107 align:middle line:84% But you're occupying space with a network, 00:29:50.107 --> 00:29:51.940 align:middle line:84% rather than occupying space with just pieces 00:29:51.940 --> 00:29:54.230 align:middle line:90% that you're placing down. 00:29:54.230 --> 00:29:56.520 align:middle line:84% You're creating lines across the United States 00:29:56.520 --> 00:29:57.450 align:middle line:90% while you are do that. 00:29:57.450 --> 00:30:02.230 align:middle line:84% So I think this particular genre of train games 00:30:02.230 --> 00:30:05.400 align:middle line:84% are an interesting take on space games. 00:30:05.400 --> 00:30:08.300 align:middle line:84% There's a whole other genre of train games 00:30:08.300 --> 00:30:10.510 align:middle line:84% that's really more about the economics of what 00:30:10.510 --> 00:30:13.939 align:middle line:84% it's like to be a robber baron train lord. 00:30:13.939 --> 00:30:15.480 align:middle line:84% Those are really fascinating as well. 00:30:15.480 --> 00:30:18.600 align:middle line:84% And those fall kind of more on the economic sense, which 00:30:18.600 --> 00:30:20.920 align:middle line:90% Parlett doesn't really address. 00:30:20.920 --> 00:30:24.189 align:middle line:84% Or maybe those fall under his definition theme games. 00:30:24.189 --> 00:30:25.480 align:middle line:90% STUDENT: Yeah, I think they do. 00:30:25.480 --> 00:30:26.890 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah. 00:30:26.890 --> 00:30:31.360 align:middle line:84% And Power Grid is just this huge mishmash of everything. 00:30:31.360 --> 00:30:34.850 align:middle line:84% But I am using it as an example of a theme game, 00:30:34.850 --> 00:30:37.800 align:middle line:84% where if you play any of these games and you play Power Grid, 00:30:37.800 --> 00:30:41.370 align:middle line:90% you'll see their connections. 00:30:41.370 --> 00:30:44.440 align:middle line:84% It's a game where you play on a network of Germany. 00:30:44.440 --> 00:30:48.550 align:middle line:90% 00:30:48.550 --> 00:30:51.690 align:middle line:84% And you're basically trying to create 00:30:51.690 --> 00:30:54.064 align:middle line:84% efficient links between different power stations 00:30:54.064 --> 00:30:54.980 align:middle line:90% that you are building. 00:30:54.980 --> 00:30:58.261 align:middle line:84% And it's not all that different from creating a railroad 00:30:58.261 --> 00:30:58.760 align:middle line:90% empire. 00:30:58.760 --> 00:31:03.070 align:middle line:84% You just happen to be trying to create an energy generating 00:31:03.070 --> 00:31:05.530 align:middle line:84% empire that's going to use different commodities-- 00:31:05.530 --> 00:31:09.880 align:middle line:90% like oil and-- 00:31:09.880 --> 00:31:11.317 align:middle line:90% I think you can burn refuse. 00:31:11.317 --> 00:31:12.400 align:middle line:90% Yeah, you can burn refuse. 00:31:12.400 --> 00:31:14.892 align:middle line:90% You can burn coal. 00:31:14.892 --> 00:31:16.600 align:middle line:84% And you're all playing on the same space. 00:31:16.600 --> 00:31:18.570 align:middle line:90% You can occupy space. 00:31:18.570 --> 00:31:20.470 align:middle line:84% So it's kind of like a space game, 00:31:20.470 --> 00:31:23.020 align:middle line:84% because when you take a space, no one else can take that away 00:31:23.020 --> 00:31:23.520 align:middle line:90% from you. 00:31:23.520 --> 00:31:26.050 align:middle line:84% But most of this game is about the economy 00:31:26.050 --> 00:31:28.222 align:middle line:84% rather than about the specific positions 00:31:28.222 --> 00:31:30.180 align:middle line:84% where you place things-- although, that's going 00:31:30.180 --> 00:31:33.310 align:middle line:90% to influence your economy. 00:31:33.310 --> 00:31:35.990 align:middle line:90% So it's a complicated game. 00:31:35.990 --> 00:31:40.500 align:middle line:84% It's very well designed if you have the right set of rules. 00:31:40.500 --> 00:31:44.420 align:middle line:84% The rules that come in the box have misprints in them. 00:31:44.420 --> 00:31:54.120 align:middle line:84% Specifically, they break things into turns, phases, and steps. 00:31:54.120 --> 00:31:59.210 align:middle line:84% And then they kind of don't use those words consistently. 00:31:59.210 --> 00:32:02.230 align:middle line:84% If you are interested in seeing how 00:32:02.230 --> 00:32:05.600 align:middle line:84% fairly straightforward rules can be really, really confusing, 00:32:05.600 --> 00:32:07.225 align:middle line:84% take a look at the rules of Power Grid, 00:32:07.225 --> 00:32:08.980 align:middle line:84% then take a look at the printed rules 00:32:08.980 --> 00:32:11.270 align:middle line:84% that I printed out from the printer. 00:32:11.270 --> 00:32:16.940 align:middle line:84% Because these are the revised rules from Board Game Geek 00:32:16.940 --> 00:32:21.010 align:middle line:84% that are basically translations from the German rules. 00:32:21.010 --> 00:32:24.110 align:middle line:84% And they're a little bit more consistent. 00:32:24.110 --> 00:32:26.040 align:middle line:90% It is a complicated game. 00:32:26.040 --> 00:32:28.350 align:middle line:84% We might not be able to get through a full game 00:32:28.350 --> 00:32:30.000 align:middle line:84% and learn the game at the same time. 00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:32.030 align:middle line:84% Has anyone here played Power Grid? 00:32:32.030 --> 00:32:35.946 align:middle line:84% I encourage you to set up the game to help more people do it. 00:32:35.946 --> 00:32:38.862 align:middle line:90% 00:32:38.862 --> 00:32:39.622 align:middle line:90% All right. 00:32:39.622 --> 00:32:40.746 align:middle line:90% So what we're going to do-- 00:32:40.746 --> 00:32:44.354 align:middle line:84% actually, any questions before we break out into game groups? 00:32:44.354 --> 00:32:44.854 align:middle line:90% No? 00:32:44.854 --> 00:32:47.690 align:middle line:90% 00:32:47.690 --> 00:32:48.190 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:32:48.190 --> 00:32:50.760 align:middle line:90% So we'll play this until about-- 00:32:50.760 --> 00:32:53.110 align:middle line:84% actually, I think all the way until 3:00 probably, 00:32:53.110 --> 00:32:55.740 align:middle line:90% or at least 2:45 or so. 00:32:55.740 --> 00:32:58.014 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: We'll call time [INAUDIBLE]. 00:32:58.014 --> 00:32:58.680 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah. 00:32:58.680 --> 00:32:59.940 align:middle line:84% We'll have about 15 minutes for you 00:32:59.940 --> 00:33:01.530 align:middle line:84% to get all of your play-tests ready. 00:33:01.530 --> 00:33:03.655 align:middle line:84% And then the last hour is when you're play-testing. 00:33:03.655 --> 00:33:04.340 align:middle line:90% Cool. 00:33:04.340 --> 00:33:08.820 align:middle line:90%