WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.090 align:middle line:90% 00:00:00.090 --> 00:00:02.490 align:middle line:84% The following content is provided under a Creative 00:00:02.490 --> 00:00:04.030 align:middle line:90% Commons license. 00:00:04.030 --> 00:00:06.330 align:middle line:84% Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare 00:00:06.330 --> 00:00:10.690 align:middle line:84% continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. 00:00:10.690 --> 00:00:13.320 align:middle line:84% To make a donation or view additional materials 00:00:13.320 --> 00:00:17.250 align:middle line:84% from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare 00:00:17.250 --> 00:00:18.420 align:middle line:90% at ocw.mit.edu. 00:00:18.420 --> 00:00:26.970 align:middle line:90% 00:00:26.970 --> 00:00:29.210 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: OK, so the plan today is 00:00:29.210 --> 00:00:32.229 align:middle line:84% that we're going to talk a little bit about the reading, 00:00:32.229 --> 00:00:34.390 align:middle line:84% which should feed directly into your thinking 00:00:34.390 --> 00:00:36.960 align:middle line:84% for the final assignment in this class. 00:00:36.960 --> 00:00:38.970 align:middle line:84% We're going to play a couple of the games. 00:00:38.970 --> 00:00:42.420 align:middle line:84% There should be just enough games for everyone 00:00:42.420 --> 00:00:43.850 align:middle line:90% to get through one round. 00:00:43.850 --> 00:00:46.080 align:middle line:90% 00:00:46.080 --> 00:00:47.580 align:middle line:84% And the rest of the class today will 00:00:47.580 --> 00:00:51.030 align:middle line:84% be used to form teams, and then talk in your teams 00:00:51.030 --> 00:00:53.479 align:middle line:84% and try to figure out what project you're doing. 00:00:53.479 --> 00:00:54.770 align:middle line:90% Actually, the other way around. 00:00:54.770 --> 00:00:56.440 align:middle line:84% We're going to talk about projects, 00:00:56.440 --> 00:01:00.150 align:middle line:84% and then you're going to form teams around them. 00:01:00.150 --> 00:01:01.890 align:middle line:90% So today's reading was-- 00:01:01.890 --> 00:01:04.489 align:middle line:90% 00:01:04.489 --> 00:01:05.940 align:middle line:90% in the title Simulation 101. 00:01:05.940 --> 00:01:06.890 align:middle line:90% Right, literally 101. 00:01:06.890 --> 00:01:09.720 align:middle line:90% It was very, very introductory. 00:01:09.720 --> 00:01:11.672 align:middle line:84% Here's a bunch of terminology and a bunch 00:01:11.672 --> 00:01:12.885 align:middle line:90% of concepts about simulation. 00:01:12.885 --> 00:01:15.260 align:middle line:84% Has anyone read that before, any other class? 00:01:15.260 --> 00:01:17.950 align:middle line:84% Because I know it comes up in some other classes. 00:01:17.950 --> 00:01:23.810 align:middle line:84% OK, so we have some sort of source reality. 00:01:23.810 --> 00:01:26.662 align:middle line:90% 00:01:26.662 --> 00:01:31.370 align:middle line:84% Which I am going to put question marks because we 00:01:31.370 --> 00:01:34.667 align:middle line:90% live in a postmodern world. 00:01:34.667 --> 00:01:36.499 align:middle line:84% And some sort of source reality where 00:01:36.499 --> 00:01:38.290 align:middle line:84% we are trying to create some sort of model. 00:01:38.290 --> 00:01:41.030 align:middle line:90% 00:01:41.030 --> 00:01:44.140 align:middle line:84% And then we've got something that we 00:01:44.140 --> 00:01:50.440 align:middle line:84% thing of as a simplified abstracted version, which 00:01:50.440 --> 00:01:55.120 align:middle line:90% ought [INAUDIBLE] simulation. 00:01:55.120 --> 00:01:57.040 align:middle line:84% Anyone remember what are some of the things 00:01:57.040 --> 00:01:58.715 align:middle line:90% that simulations do that-- 00:01:58.715 --> 00:02:01.090 align:middle line:84% well, actually, what are the alternatives to a simulation 00:02:01.090 --> 00:02:03.680 align:middle line:84% that the article was talking about? 00:02:03.680 --> 00:02:08.080 align:middle line:84% How do we typically talk to people about [INAUDIBLE]? 00:02:08.080 --> 00:02:10.289 align:middle line:84% How do we usually convey an idea of this 00:02:10.289 --> 00:02:13.410 align:middle line:90% is how reality seems your work? 00:02:13.410 --> 00:02:15.996 align:middle line:84% What are some other ways That you do that? 00:02:15.996 --> 00:02:19.852 align:middle line:90% 00:02:19.852 --> 00:02:22.760 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: You extract it. 00:02:22.760 --> 00:02:24.682 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: You can extract it. 00:02:24.682 --> 00:02:26.480 align:middle line:90% Extractions are useful words. 00:02:26.480 --> 00:02:30.880 align:middle line:90% I'm going to write it here. 00:02:30.880 --> 00:02:35.688 align:middle line:84% That's-- you can do that to a bunch of different moves. 00:02:35.688 --> 00:02:39.733 align:middle line:84% When Jane Austen tells you how life was like in-- 00:02:39.733 --> 00:02:42.347 align:middle line:90% 00:02:42.347 --> 00:02:42.930 align:middle line:90% when was that? 00:02:42.930 --> 00:02:45.080 align:middle line:90% 18th century? 00:02:45.080 --> 00:02:48.190 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: 19th century. 00:02:48.190 --> 00:02:50.260 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 00:02:50.260 --> 00:02:53.539 align:middle line:90% How was she doing it? 00:02:53.539 --> 00:02:54.330 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Metaphor. 00:02:54.330 --> 00:02:56.864 align:middle line:90% 00:02:56.864 --> 00:02:58.072 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: She tells a story. 00:02:58.072 --> 00:03:00.280 align:middle line:84% She uses the process of narrative. 00:03:00.280 --> 00:03:02.846 align:middle line:84% She does use some metaphors, but for the most part 00:03:02.846 --> 00:03:03.850 align:middle line:90% it's just very plain. 00:03:03.850 --> 00:03:09.420 align:middle line:84% This is what happened to these people, and everyone is upset. 00:03:09.420 --> 00:03:12.590 align:middle line:84% That was what the reading today was. 00:03:12.590 --> 00:03:15.730 align:middle line:84% All right, you have this way of telling 00:03:15.730 --> 00:03:18.940 align:middle line:90% people about how something is. 00:03:18.940 --> 00:03:23.200 align:middle line:84% One way that you do it is you could tell a story about it. 00:03:23.200 --> 00:03:28.490 align:middle line:84% You could do a painting, a visual version of it. 00:03:28.490 --> 00:03:32.290 align:middle line:84% You could create a little physical sculpture of it, 00:03:32.290 --> 00:03:35.450 align:middle line:90% if the concept is-- 00:03:35.450 --> 00:03:37.236 align:middle line:84% if that is a good way to convey a concept. 00:03:37.236 --> 00:03:40.955 align:middle line:84% You can create a simulation of it. 00:03:40.955 --> 00:03:48.300 align:middle line:84% He lumps together things that represent how the world works 00:03:48.300 --> 00:03:49.660 align:middle line:90% as a representation. 00:03:49.660 --> 00:03:53.390 align:middle line:84% It's like a picture of a pipe is a representation of a pipe. 00:03:53.390 --> 00:03:55.660 align:middle line:90% It's not the actual pipe. 00:03:55.660 --> 00:04:00.080 align:middle line:84% But it is a visual representation. 00:04:00.080 --> 00:04:03.400 align:middle line:84% And the narrative will be a sequence 00:04:03.400 --> 00:04:07.610 align:middle line:84% of events, a linear time representation of what 00:04:07.610 --> 00:04:08.110 align:middle line:90% happened. 00:04:08.110 --> 00:04:11.290 align:middle line:84% But it doesn't tell you anything about how 00:04:11.290 --> 00:04:14.380 align:middle line:90% that version of reality works. 00:04:14.380 --> 00:04:18.640 align:middle line:84% It doesn't-- it may give you a clue that you can intuit. 00:04:18.640 --> 00:04:22.270 align:middle line:84% But It's not actually trying to show you 00:04:22.270 --> 00:04:25.070 align:middle line:90% how this thing behaves. 00:04:25.070 --> 00:04:28.334 align:middle line:84% And what we trying to do in simulation, in the broad sense 00:04:28.334 --> 00:04:30.750 align:middle line:84% you can think of simulation as a kind of a representation. 00:04:30.750 --> 00:04:32.620 align:middle line:84% But very specifically, a simulation 00:04:32.620 --> 00:04:37.730 align:middle line:84% is trying to tell you about how the system actually behaves. 00:04:37.730 --> 00:04:41.200 align:middle line:84% So, it is looking at some sort of reality. 00:04:41.200 --> 00:04:44.520 align:middle line:84% What are the kinds of things that you could be looking at? 00:04:44.520 --> 00:04:48.200 align:middle line:84% Before you actually try to make some working simulation 00:04:48.200 --> 00:04:51.380 align:middle line:84% about how reality works, what are some of the things 00:04:51.380 --> 00:04:53.410 align:middle line:90% that you want to look at? 00:04:53.410 --> 00:04:55.370 align:middle line:84% Let's be a bit more concrete about this. 00:04:55.370 --> 00:05:01.970 align:middle line:90% Your reality is student debt. 00:05:01.970 --> 00:05:07.240 align:middle line:84% OK, let's just say that is the system that we are looking at. 00:05:07.240 --> 00:05:10.530 align:middle line:84% We are looking at the world of student debt. 00:05:10.530 --> 00:05:13.340 align:middle line:84% And you are trying to create a model. 00:05:13.340 --> 00:05:16.885 align:middle line:84% If you wanted to explain to somebody else, who 00:05:16.885 --> 00:05:18.840 align:middle line:84% doesn't really understand student debt, 00:05:18.840 --> 00:05:22.710 align:middle line:84% that these are all the things you've got to worry about. 00:05:22.710 --> 00:05:24.813 align:middle line:84% What are the things that you would try to-- 00:05:24.813 --> 00:05:29.950 align:middle line:84% that you might consider explaining to them? 00:05:29.950 --> 00:05:31.720 align:middle line:84% A high school student is thinking-- 00:05:31.720 --> 00:05:33.405 align:middle line:90% let's give this [INAUDIBLE]. 00:05:33.405 --> 00:05:35.863 align:middle line:84% The high school student who doesn't understand student debt 00:05:35.863 --> 00:05:37.570 align:middle line:84% but is thinking of [INAUDIBLE] college. 00:05:37.570 --> 00:05:39.150 align:middle line:90% What would you tell them? 00:05:39.150 --> 00:05:41.390 align:middle line:84% What are some things you want to tell them? 00:05:41.390 --> 00:05:43.038 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: The situation [INAUDIBLE] 00:05:43.038 --> 00:05:45.194 align:middle line:84% under which student debt accrues. 00:05:45.194 --> 00:05:48.980 align:middle line:90% What things [INAUDIBLE] 00:05:48.980 --> 00:05:51.180 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Break it up a little bit more. 00:05:51.180 --> 00:05:53.496 align:middle line:84% What are some of the components of that? 00:05:53.496 --> 00:05:55.662 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Situations where you would take out loans. 00:05:55.662 --> 00:05:59.770 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK, situations. 00:05:59.770 --> 00:06:02.910 align:middle line:90% Maybe cases, you know? 00:06:02.910 --> 00:06:06.750 align:middle line:84% These are examples of things that they [INAUDIBLE]. 00:06:06.750 --> 00:06:07.630 align:middle line:90% OK, what else? 00:06:07.630 --> 00:06:10.194 align:middle line:90% 00:06:10.194 --> 00:06:12.860 align:middle line:84% Eventually they're going to make games about this sort of thing. 00:06:12.860 --> 00:06:15.470 align:middle line:84% So what you want to know [INAUDIBLE]. 00:06:15.470 --> 00:06:18.481 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: You want to tell them how [INAUDIBLE], 00:06:18.481 --> 00:06:20.309 align:middle line:84% and the how to pay it off eventually. 00:06:20.309 --> 00:06:23.130 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: OK, those are mechanics right? 00:06:23.130 --> 00:06:27.640 align:middle line:90% Those are verbs. 00:06:27.640 --> 00:06:30.750 align:middle line:90% How do I do that? 00:06:30.750 --> 00:06:33.270 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: How to avoid having to take out loans. 00:06:33.270 --> 00:06:34.948 align:middle line:84% Getting scholarships and things instead. 00:06:34.948 --> 00:06:38.371 align:middle line:90% Trying to work around it. 00:06:38.371 --> 00:06:40.170 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I would call those strategies. 00:06:40.170 --> 00:06:42.860 align:middle line:84% These-- you have a range of different strategies, 00:06:42.860 --> 00:06:44.920 align:middle line:84% all of which to achieve the same goal. 00:06:44.920 --> 00:06:49.230 align:middle line:84% But some of them are better than others, and some of them 00:06:49.230 --> 00:06:51.160 align:middle line:90% completely avoid. 00:06:51.160 --> 00:06:52.160 align:middle line:90% What else? 00:06:52.160 --> 00:06:57.092 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I'd say that any sort of [INAUDIBLE] that 00:06:57.092 --> 00:06:58.056 align:middle line:90% usually happens. 00:06:58.056 --> 00:06:59.020 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 00:06:59.020 --> 00:07:05.170 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So probability of how often things happen. 00:07:05.170 --> 00:07:06.030 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:07:06.030 --> 00:07:07.338 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Also trends. 00:07:07.338 --> 00:07:10.202 align:middle line:90% Student debt is increasing. 00:07:10.202 --> 00:07:15.830 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] A big picture of what it's looking like. 00:07:15.830 --> 00:07:20.203 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: OK, so that's coming from a more historical point 00:07:20.203 --> 00:07:20.880 align:middle line:90% of view, right? 00:07:20.880 --> 00:07:27.430 align:middle line:84% There were also two things that [INAUDIBLE]. 00:07:27.430 --> 00:07:31.002 align:middle line:84% Things to compare yourself against. 00:07:31.002 --> 00:07:34.190 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: The effects that having debt will have 00:07:34.190 --> 00:07:36.590 align:middle line:90% on the person or situation. 00:07:36.590 --> 00:07:37.590 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Consequences? 00:07:37.590 --> 00:07:38.375 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Yeah. 00:07:38.375 --> 00:07:45.337 align:middle line:90% 00:07:45.337 --> 00:07:47.170 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: One of the things I would include 00:07:47.170 --> 00:07:49.440 align:middle line:90% would be things like variables. 00:07:49.440 --> 00:07:53.220 align:middle line:84% What are the numbers that you want to keep in your head? 00:07:53.220 --> 00:07:57.790 align:middle line:84% Easy monitoring that will tell you how the system works. 00:07:57.790 --> 00:08:01.815 align:middle line:84% The situation, cases, verbs, strategies, 00:08:01.815 --> 00:08:02.946 align:middle line:90% that's probably something-- 00:08:02.946 --> 00:08:04.320 align:middle line:84% I don't have a good word for it-- 00:08:04.320 --> 00:08:09.040 align:middle line:84% to explain how one thing affects something else. 00:08:09.040 --> 00:08:12.715 align:middle line:90% But that is like consequences. 00:08:12.715 --> 00:08:13.880 align:middle line:90% Maybe flows. 00:08:13.880 --> 00:08:16.890 align:middle line:90% Where does the money go? 00:08:16.890 --> 00:08:21.050 align:middle line:84% What's the rate of money coming in from getting student a job? 00:08:21.050 --> 00:08:22.430 align:middle line:90% Was it getting a [INAUDIBLE]? 00:08:22.430 --> 00:08:27.810 align:middle line:84% Was it some other source of revenue? 00:08:27.810 --> 00:08:30.560 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] and loads, that sort of thing. 00:08:30.560 --> 00:08:33.414 align:middle line:84% And how does that affect how much money you have 00:08:33.414 --> 00:08:35.409 align:middle line:90% versus how much money you owe. 00:08:35.409 --> 00:08:41.200 align:middle line:84% So you have got all these things that come into the model. 00:08:41.200 --> 00:08:44.520 align:middle line:84% This other reality, you create some sort of model 00:08:44.520 --> 00:08:45.490 align:middle line:90% that you understand. 00:08:45.490 --> 00:08:47.890 align:middle line:84% This is how you understand the world as it is. 00:08:47.890 --> 00:08:51.416 align:middle line:84% In the team project, this is how your team understands the world 00:08:51.416 --> 00:08:52.340 align:middle line:90% as it operates. 00:08:52.340 --> 00:08:55.770 align:middle line:84% And then you decide that you are going to make a situation out 00:08:55.770 --> 00:08:56.720 align:middle line:90% of it. 00:08:56.720 --> 00:09:00.050 align:middle line:90% 00:09:00.050 --> 00:09:02.224 align:middle line:84% And you can choose what are the things 00:09:02.224 --> 00:09:03.390 align:middle line:90% that you want to bring over. 00:09:03.390 --> 00:09:05.190 align:middle line:84% I'm not to go through that part of the exercise 00:09:05.190 --> 00:09:07.315 align:middle line:84% because they everyone will have a different answer. 00:09:07.315 --> 00:09:10.414 align:middle line:84% But for some people certain variables are 00:09:10.414 --> 00:09:12.830 align:middle line:84% going to be more important than other variables, depending 00:09:12.830 --> 00:09:14.288 align:middle line:84% on the kind of simulation you make. 00:09:14.288 --> 00:09:16.042 align:middle line:90% if want to play this game-- 00:09:16.042 --> 00:09:18.370 align:middle line:84% actually, I've got to add a rule system. 00:09:18.370 --> 00:09:20.896 align:middle line:84% That's really what our assignment is about. 00:09:20.896 --> 00:09:22.520 align:middle line:84% I you want to play this game as someone 00:09:22.520 --> 00:09:31.170 align:middle line:84% who is giving [INAUDIBLE], then the worlds, and the variables, 00:09:31.170 --> 00:09:33.270 align:middle line:84% and the cases that you are thinking up 00:09:33.270 --> 00:09:35.384 align:middle line:90% are going to be different. 00:09:35.384 --> 00:09:39.830 align:middle line:84% They are going to be thinking about [INAUDIBLE] Whereas, 00:09:39.830 --> 00:09:44.100 align:middle line:84% if you are playing this same as a student, then you-- 00:09:44.100 --> 00:09:47.050 align:middle line:84% the simulation [INAUDIBLE] what it will look from the student. 00:09:47.050 --> 00:09:49.907 align:middle line:84% Then what these sort [INAUDIBLE] won't matter that much to you. 00:09:49.907 --> 00:09:51.240 align:middle line:90% You'll just care about yourself. 00:09:51.240 --> 00:09:53.820 align:middle line:84% So the variables you care about will be different. 00:09:53.820 --> 00:09:58.122 align:middle line:84% How those things affect your life are going to be different. 00:09:58.122 --> 00:10:01.310 align:middle line:84% Now, there is a [INAUDIBLE] to abstraction. 00:10:01.310 --> 00:10:04.120 align:middle line:90% 00:10:04.120 --> 00:10:06.050 align:middle line:84% And correct me if I'm wrong, but that's 00:10:06.050 --> 00:10:08.679 align:middle line:84% where [INAUDIBLE] put simulation the gap? 00:10:08.679 --> 00:10:09.220 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Yes 00:10:09.220 --> 00:10:09.970 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yes . 00:10:09.970 --> 00:10:13.530 align:middle line:84% That's this thing where not only do 00:10:13.530 --> 00:10:16.130 align:middle line:84% you decide that there's a bunch of things in here 00:10:16.130 --> 00:10:18.522 align:middle line:84% that you are going to choose not to bring over 00:10:18.522 --> 00:10:21.880 align:middle line:84% to you simulation, or choose to bring over to your simulation. 00:10:21.880 --> 00:10:25.750 align:middle line:84% Then you can think of a way to simplify that. 00:10:25.750 --> 00:10:28.220 align:middle line:90% Maybe we're not going to-- 00:10:28.220 --> 00:10:30.440 align:middle line:84% maybe certain kinds of consequences 00:10:30.440 --> 00:10:35.640 align:middle line:84% from interest from loans or whatever 00:10:35.640 --> 00:10:40.550 align:middle line:84% normally increase on some sort of non-linear scale. 00:10:40.550 --> 00:10:44.844 align:middle line:84% But for the sake of making a simpler simulation 00:10:44.844 --> 00:10:46.510 align:middle line:84% we're going to assume that it is linear. 00:10:46.510 --> 00:10:51.560 align:middle line:84% We are going to say that every time-- 00:10:51.560 --> 00:10:53.740 align:middle line:84% every turn the amount of debt that you 00:10:53.740 --> 00:10:55.600 align:middle line:84% have increases by a fixed amount, 00:10:55.600 --> 00:11:00.600 align:middle line:84% rather than a percentage or compounding interest. 00:11:00.600 --> 00:11:03.080 align:middle line:84% Because simplifies things, but maybe you 00:11:03.080 --> 00:11:06.930 align:middle line:90% still get certain points across. 00:11:06.930 --> 00:11:10.670 align:middle line:84% This thing down here, some people call a simulation gap. 00:11:10.670 --> 00:11:13.520 align:middle line:90% 00:11:13.520 --> 00:11:16.850 align:middle line:84% Other people sometimes place it over here. 00:11:16.850 --> 00:11:20.180 align:middle line:84% But I'm going to make the case that has to happen. 00:11:20.180 --> 00:11:22.910 align:middle line:84% No matter what you do, you have to do this because you're never 00:11:22.910 --> 00:11:24.980 align:middle line:84% going to be able to fully simulate everything 00:11:24.980 --> 00:11:28.050 align:middle line:84% that you know, and the fact you don't know everything 00:11:28.050 --> 00:11:29.860 align:middle line:90% about reality anyway. 00:11:29.860 --> 00:11:31.230 align:middle line:90% So this has to happen. 00:11:31.230 --> 00:11:34.790 align:middle line:84% But there is a design choice that you make over here 00:11:34.790 --> 00:11:37.720 align:middle line:84% of what you want to simulate and to what 00:11:37.720 --> 00:11:40.860 align:middle line:90% degree you want to simulate it. 00:11:40.860 --> 00:11:44.900 align:middle line:84% So, for instance, one of the games that we have today 00:11:44.900 --> 00:11:48.810 align:middle line:84% is Kolejka, which is, again, standing in queues, 00:11:48.810 --> 00:11:52.580 align:middle line:84% waiting for rationed goods to come in while living in 1980's 00:11:52.580 --> 00:11:54.940 align:middle line:90% communist Poland. 00:11:54.940 --> 00:11:58.275 align:middle line:84% You have no idea when the next truck of goods 00:11:58.275 --> 00:12:00.356 align:middle line:90% is going to show up. 00:12:00.356 --> 00:12:04.015 align:middle line:90% The reality Is that there is-- 00:12:04.015 --> 00:12:05.067 align:middle line:90% there are schedules. 00:12:05.067 --> 00:12:09.000 align:middle line:84% Even in communist Poland, people actually-- 00:12:09.000 --> 00:12:11.590 align:middle line:84% there was a schedule in which objects were supposed 00:12:11.590 --> 00:12:13.220 align:middle line:90% to show up in certain stores. 00:12:13.220 --> 00:12:15.990 align:middle line:84% I believe that there's actually an action that hints at that, 00:12:15.990 --> 00:12:18.380 align:middle line:84% but all it does is that it allows 00:12:18.380 --> 00:12:26.400 align:middle line:84% you to place an object in multiple stores at will. 00:12:26.400 --> 00:12:30.190 align:middle line:84% And it's a special thing that you [INAUDIBLE]. 00:12:30.190 --> 00:12:32.880 align:middle line:84% But for the sake of the abstracted version 00:12:32.880 --> 00:12:35.700 align:middle line:84% of the game, which they made, they are going to say, 00:12:35.700 --> 00:12:39.160 align:middle line:84% when you-- as someone who was living at that time, 00:12:39.160 --> 00:12:40.810 align:middle line:90% yes, there were schedules. 00:12:40.810 --> 00:12:43.126 align:middle line:84% It was possible to actually figure out 00:12:43.126 --> 00:12:44.750 align:middle line:84% when different goods were going to show 00:12:44.750 --> 00:12:47.314 align:middle line:84% to some reasonable level of accuracy. 00:12:47.314 --> 00:12:49.772 align:middle line:84% But the majority of people who were involved in this system 00:12:49.772 --> 00:12:51.380 align:middle line:90% had no idea. 00:12:51.380 --> 00:12:53.570 align:middle line:84% And so for the most part, it was random. 00:12:53.570 --> 00:12:55.300 align:middle line:84% That the decision that they're making, 00:12:55.300 --> 00:12:57.250 align:middle line:84% and the point they're trying to get across. 00:12:57.250 --> 00:12:59.550 align:middle line:84% Now whether that's true or not, that's 00:12:59.550 --> 00:13:02.170 align:middle line:84% something that the designers want to convey 00:13:02.170 --> 00:13:04.030 align:middle line:90% through design of the game. 00:13:04.030 --> 00:13:05.965 align:middle line:84% That's something that you can also decide. 00:13:05.965 --> 00:13:07.754 align:middle line:84% If there is that you want make across, 00:13:07.754 --> 00:13:10.170 align:middle line:84% a lot of the rhetorical points are going to be right here. 00:13:10.170 --> 00:13:13.730 align:middle line:90% So if you want to say-- 00:13:13.730 --> 00:13:17.100 align:middle line:84% we had a game last year which was about people cross-dressing 00:13:17.100 --> 00:13:18.755 align:middle line:90% to get into the French theater. 00:13:18.755 --> 00:13:20.297 align:middle line:84% Not all of them were cross-dressing, 00:13:20.297 --> 00:13:22.880 align:middle line:84% some of them were dressing up, some of them were dressing down 00:13:22.880 --> 00:13:26.470 align:middle line:84% for various reasons of social class and trying to get 00:13:26.470 --> 00:13:28.785 align:middle line:84% a cheaper ticket and being able to get into parts 00:13:28.785 --> 00:13:30.576 align:middle line:84% of the theater that you otherwise couldn't. 00:13:30.576 --> 00:13:33.980 align:middle line:90% 00:13:33.980 --> 00:13:36.230 align:middle line:84% It wasn't explicitly a simulation, 00:13:36.230 --> 00:13:38.520 align:middle line:84% but they were trying to get across a point. 00:13:38.520 --> 00:13:42.350 align:middle line:84% That this is a sort of thing that that you can do. 00:13:42.350 --> 00:13:45.725 align:middle line:84% Everybody had a-- if you wanted to get into the theater, 00:13:45.725 --> 00:13:48.215 align:middle line:84% there were multiple ways you could get into the theater 00:13:48.215 --> 00:13:52.040 align:middle line:84% and there were different reasons for every single person. 00:13:52.040 --> 00:13:55.340 align:middle line:84% So a noblewoman might cross-dress as a man 00:13:55.340 --> 00:13:58.670 align:middle line:84% in order to be able to get a cheaper ticket, 00:13:58.670 --> 00:14:02.120 align:middle line:84% and go slumming with the people buying the cheap tickets 00:14:02.120 --> 00:14:05.510 align:middle line:84% because it is a lot more exciting down there. 00:14:05.510 --> 00:14:09.710 align:middle line:84% Somebody who is in the clergy will 00:14:09.710 --> 00:14:16.682 align:middle line:84% have to cross-dress to be able to buy a ticket as a woman 00:14:16.682 --> 00:14:18.140 align:middle line:84% because the clergy are not supposed 00:14:18.140 --> 00:14:20.391 align:middle line:90% to be going to the theater. 00:14:20.391 --> 00:14:22.390 align:middle line:84% So they are hiding themselves for other reasons, 00:14:22.390 --> 00:14:27.170 align:middle line:84% even though they are in a more visible position. 00:14:27.170 --> 00:14:28.910 align:middle line:84% And there is a lot of bartering, there 00:14:28.910 --> 00:14:31.886 align:middle line:84% is a lot of theory of [INAUDIBLE] and clothes 00:14:31.886 --> 00:14:32.450 align:middle line:90% and such. 00:14:32.450 --> 00:14:34.980 align:middle line:90% It is a pretty fun game. 00:14:34.980 --> 00:14:39.950 align:middle line:84% I'm going to grab that and bring it over. 00:14:39.950 --> 00:14:42.770 align:middle line:84% So when we play the games today, I 00:14:42.770 --> 00:14:45.325 align:middle line:84% want you to think a little bit about the situation 00:14:45.325 --> 00:14:46.900 align:middle line:90% they are trying to respond. 00:14:46.900 --> 00:14:50.020 align:middle line:84% The Gentlemen of the South Sandwiche Islands 00:14:50.020 --> 00:14:51.450 align:middle line:84% is a game about crossing bridges. 00:14:51.450 --> 00:14:54.470 align:middle line:84% If you have ever done any classes here 00:14:54.470 --> 00:14:57.960 align:middle line:84% at MIT about bridge-crossing theories, 00:14:57.960 --> 00:14:59.710 align:middle line:90% that game is all about that. 00:14:59.710 --> 00:15:03.558 align:middle line:84% But it is ostensibly a game about match-making, 00:15:03.558 --> 00:15:06.110 align:middle line:90% or finding a match. 00:15:06.110 --> 00:15:09.340 align:middle line:84% And you are sort of chasing, where 00:15:09.340 --> 00:15:12.710 align:middle line:84% the men are chasing the women who are also 00:15:12.710 --> 00:15:15.116 align:middle line:90% being chased by their-- 00:15:15.116 --> 00:15:16.790 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Shepherds. 00:15:16.790 --> 00:15:18.044 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Shepherds, yes. 00:15:18.044 --> 00:15:18.992 align:middle line:90% Really good. 00:15:18.992 --> 00:15:21.680 align:middle line:90% 00:15:21.680 --> 00:15:24.840 align:middle line:90% So that's a very, very, true-- 00:15:24.840 --> 00:15:29.750 align:middle line:84% that giving the whole, actual, dialogue, where the gentleman 00:15:29.750 --> 00:15:30.740 align:middle line:90% and the ladies there. 00:15:30.740 --> 00:15:35.750 align:middle line:84% It is just making it this whole traveling game. 00:15:35.750 --> 00:15:39.590 align:middle line:84% And you could ask yourself, what are they trying to get across? 00:15:39.590 --> 00:15:42.350 align:middle line:84% Whether intentional or not, it doesn't really matter. 00:15:42.350 --> 00:15:45.290 align:middle line:84% But the game sends a message about how 00:15:45.290 --> 00:15:48.250 align:middle line:84% the system is supposed to work that you can take away 00:15:48.250 --> 00:15:50.354 align:middle line:84% as somebody who has played the game. 00:15:50.354 --> 00:15:53.990 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE], which is a game about a bubble economy. 00:15:53.990 --> 00:15:56.620 align:middle line:84% And Crunch, which is also about a bubble economy, 00:15:56.620 --> 00:15:58.940 align:middle line:90% only a lot more recent. 00:15:58.940 --> 00:16:03.500 align:middle line:84% And it is Crunch, in particular, where this [INAUDIBLE] is. 00:16:03.500 --> 00:16:09.770 align:middle line:84% It is trying to be a satirical commentary about how 00:16:09.770 --> 00:16:12.210 align:middle line:84% big banks need to be operating, whether or not 00:16:12.210 --> 00:16:14.890 align:middle line:84% that's actually how they operate is kind of beside the point. 00:16:14.890 --> 00:16:18.490 align:middle line:84% But they do have certain elements of simulation in there 00:16:18.490 --> 00:16:22.650 align:middle line:84% and then they just abstract them to make you focus on the things 00:16:22.650 --> 00:16:25.260 align:middle line:90% that they want you to focus on. 00:16:25.260 --> 00:16:27.880 align:middle line:90% So, let's see. 00:16:27.880 --> 00:16:31.060 align:middle line:84% Two of those games are two-player games, 00:16:31.060 --> 00:16:34.229 align:middle line:84% so that is only going to account for four 00:16:34.229 --> 00:16:35.270 align:middle line:90% people in this classroom. 00:16:35.270 --> 00:16:37.005 align:middle line:84% The other two go up to five players, 00:16:37.005 --> 00:16:38.630 align:middle line:84% so we can probably split everybody else 00:16:38.630 --> 00:16:39.781 align:middle line:90% into groups of about four. 00:16:39.781 --> 00:16:44.860 align:middle line:90% 00:16:44.860 --> 00:16:47.010 align:middle line:90% 12 people, so eight. 00:16:47.010 --> 00:16:50.809 align:middle line:84% That should make the games go at a pretty good clip. 00:16:50.809 --> 00:16:53.100 align:middle line:84% Crunch and The Gentlemen of the South Sandwiche Islands 00:16:53.100 --> 00:16:55.290 align:middle line:84% are pretty fast compared to the other two games, 00:16:55.290 --> 00:16:58.290 align:middle line:84% so the people who are playing those games 00:16:58.290 --> 00:17:01.524 align:middle line:84% might want to switch games and play [INAUDIBLE] after that. 00:17:01.524 --> 00:17:04.190 align:middle line:84% It will probably be a lot faster if the people who just competed 00:17:04.190 --> 00:17:07.859 align:middle line:84% a round then turns around and explains it to the next group 00:17:07.859 --> 00:17:12.240 align:middle line:84% because then they won't have to read the rules. 00:17:12.240 --> 00:17:18.180 align:middle line:84% So let's do that for about an hour. 00:17:18.180 --> 00:17:21.680 align:middle line:84% Especially because Kolejka takes about an hour. 00:17:21.680 --> 00:17:25.430 align:middle line:84% And after that, we'll talk about class. 00:17:25.430 --> 00:17:26.930 align:middle line:90% We'll talk about the assignment. 00:17:26.930 --> 00:17:28.469 align:middle line:90% So, any questions about this? 00:17:28.469 --> 00:17:31.750 align:middle line:90% 00:17:31.750 --> 00:17:32.630 align:middle line:90% No? 00:17:32.630 --> 00:17:34.562 align:middle line:84% Make sure you talk with your teams, 00:17:34.562 --> 00:17:36.770 align:middle line:84% especially when you're looking at how the rules work, 00:17:36.770 --> 00:17:38.395 align:middle line:84% but also while you're playing the game. 00:17:38.395 --> 00:17:41.500 align:middle line:90% 00:17:41.500 --> 00:17:45.250 align:middle line:84% I talked to both the team that played Tulipmania-- 00:17:45.250 --> 00:17:48.000 align:middle line:84% not the team, but the group that played Tulipmania and the group 00:17:48.000 --> 00:17:49.922 align:middle line:90% that played Kolejka. 00:17:49.922 --> 00:17:51.880 align:middle line:84% I haven't had a chance to talk to the folks who 00:17:51.880 --> 00:17:54.540 align:middle line:84% played Crunch and The Gentlemen of the South Sandwiche Islands 00:17:54.540 --> 00:17:55.150 align:middle line:90% yet. 00:17:55.150 --> 00:17:58.370 align:middle line:84% So let's talk a little bit about-- 00:17:58.370 --> 00:17:59.870 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: There are cards on my body 00:17:59.870 --> 00:18:04.133 align:middle line:84% that I would like to get rid of if we're done. 00:18:04.133 --> 00:18:05.640 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: I don't want to call it. 00:18:05.640 --> 00:18:08.350 align:middle line:90% We're still in. 00:18:08.350 --> 00:18:10.570 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I'm going to say the game is on pause. 00:18:10.570 --> 00:18:13.450 align:middle line:84% But I do want to talk a little bit about, not so much 00:18:13.450 --> 00:18:16.130 align:middle line:84% how this one particular game is being played out, 00:18:16.130 --> 00:18:22.270 align:middle line:84% but rather what does this game render in very high detail? 00:18:22.270 --> 00:18:24.230 align:middle line:84% And what does it sort of gloss over 00:18:24.230 --> 00:18:28.120 align:middle line:90% a very low-level granularity? 00:18:28.120 --> 00:18:31.187 align:middle line:84% So what is very, very well rendered in this game? 00:18:31.187 --> 00:18:33.270 align:middle line:84% In the opinion of the people who played this game? 00:18:33.270 --> 00:18:36.720 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I would say corruption. 00:18:36.720 --> 00:18:39.690 align:middle line:90% I think there's a lot of-- 00:18:39.690 --> 00:18:41.441 align:middle line:84% for example, when you are sneaking a card, 00:18:41.441 --> 00:18:43.356 align:middle line:84% you kind of wonder if someone is watching you. 00:18:43.356 --> 00:18:45.880 align:middle line:84% I think that's actually pretty similar in the real world, 00:18:45.880 --> 00:18:47.970 align:middle line:90% dealing with a corrupt CEO. 00:18:47.970 --> 00:18:51.070 align:middle line:84% You wonder if someone is going back and checking your records, 00:18:51.070 --> 00:18:53.440 align:middle line:84% if you can actually get away with taking this money 00:18:53.440 --> 00:18:54.580 align:middle line:90% and storing it somewhere. 00:18:54.580 --> 00:18:55.080 align:middle line:90% Right. 00:18:55.080 --> 00:18:58.490 align:middle line:90% 00:18:58.490 --> 00:19:02.650 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: I wouldn't quite agree, because in this game 00:19:02.650 --> 00:19:05.411 align:middle line:84% they can see the number of cards in your hand going down. 00:19:05.411 --> 00:19:08.541 align:middle line:84% And as long as they don't see you actually putting them away, 00:19:08.541 --> 00:19:10.290 align:middle line:84% they are like, you are clearly embezzling, 00:19:10.290 --> 00:19:12.670 align:middle line:90% I can't do anything about it. 00:19:12.670 --> 00:19:16.060 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So there is on one hand the not wanting 00:19:16.060 --> 00:19:18.460 align:middle line:84% to get caught in the act of embezzling. 00:19:18.460 --> 00:19:20.680 align:middle line:84% On the other hand, the very clear assumption 00:19:20.680 --> 00:19:23.890 align:middle line:90% that everybody is. 00:19:23.890 --> 00:19:25.615 align:middle line:90% You can see it, it is happening. 00:19:25.615 --> 00:19:28.570 align:middle line:84% You know that it is going on, that everybody in the game is 00:19:28.570 --> 00:19:30.624 align:middle line:90% engaging in this, but you don't. 00:19:30.624 --> 00:19:32.290 align:middle line:84% The only thing that you're worried about 00:19:32.290 --> 00:19:34.230 align:middle line:84% is just getting caught in the act. 00:19:34.230 --> 00:19:35.610 align:middle line:84% Of having your hand in the kitty. 00:19:35.610 --> 00:19:37.030 align:middle line:90% But it is OK that the kitty-- 00:19:37.030 --> 00:19:40.780 align:middle line:84% that the cookie jar seems to be emptier than normal. 00:19:40.780 --> 00:19:43.310 align:middle line:90% 00:19:43.310 --> 00:19:45.700 align:middle line:90% The game does that well. 00:19:45.700 --> 00:19:49.960 align:middle line:84% What's really sort of vague, deliberately vaguely 00:19:49.960 --> 00:19:51.640 align:middle line:90% represented in the game? 00:19:51.640 --> 00:19:56.962 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: All the actual bank mechanics. 00:19:56.962 --> 00:19:59.420 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Can you give me an example? 00:19:59.420 --> 00:20:05.060 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Like the whole investing on [INAUDIBLE] thing. 00:20:05.060 --> 00:20:07.650 align:middle line:84% It's probably a pretty good simplified version of it 00:20:07.650 --> 00:20:09.699 align:middle line:90% for the game. 00:20:09.699 --> 00:20:11.740 align:middle line:84% Which is fine, because that's not the main focus, 00:20:11.740 --> 00:20:14.160 align:middle line:84% it's not to make smart investment choices. 00:20:14.160 --> 00:20:17.455 align:middle line:90% It's to embezzle things. 00:20:17.455 --> 00:20:18.830 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: The odd thing about it 00:20:18.830 --> 00:20:20.538 align:middle line:84% is that the actual operation of the banks 00:20:20.538 --> 00:20:22.210 align:middle line:90% is remarkably trivial. 00:20:22.210 --> 00:20:22.916 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Right 00:20:22.916 --> 00:20:24.457 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Or it has been trivialized 00:20:24.457 --> 00:20:26.645 align:middle line:84% to the point of-- that's the point of this game, 00:20:26.645 --> 00:20:29.096 align:middle line:90% is not to run a good bank. 00:20:29.096 --> 00:20:32.980 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I also don't know how this works in the real world, 00:20:32.980 --> 00:20:35.140 align:middle line:84% but the government bailouts in this game 00:20:35.140 --> 00:20:36.472 align:middle line:90% seem like candy, basically. 00:20:36.472 --> 00:20:38.180 align:middle line:84% You just, oh I want a government bailout. 00:20:38.180 --> 00:20:39.173 align:middle line:90% Oh, OK. 00:20:39.173 --> 00:20:40.220 align:middle line:90% Government bailout? 00:20:40.220 --> 00:20:42.170 align:middle line:84% Sure, we need a government bailout 00:20:42.170 --> 00:20:50.779 align:middle line:84% like [INAUDIBLE] in the financial crisis, 00:20:50.779 --> 00:20:52.070 align:middle line:90% and all the banks were failing. 00:20:52.070 --> 00:20:54.370 align:middle line:84% The auto manufacturers started asking 00:20:54.370 --> 00:20:57.870 align:middle line:90% the government for money. 00:20:57.870 --> 00:21:07.417 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] so Ford decided they didn't need it, but GM did. 00:21:07.417 --> 00:21:10.588 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 00:21:10.588 --> 00:21:13.374 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Again, it's a deliberate choice, right? 00:21:13.374 --> 00:21:15.040 align:middle line:84% I think what you're saying is that yeah, 00:21:15.040 --> 00:21:18.790 align:middle line:84% it is ridiculously trivial to get a government bailout. 00:21:18.790 --> 00:21:21.735 align:middle line:84% It's clearly designed, to me, to make you think that yeah, 00:21:21.735 --> 00:21:25.580 align:middle line:84% the government is going to come in and take care of this. 00:21:25.580 --> 00:21:29.640 align:middle line:84% Even though I'm in a hole of several-- 00:21:29.640 --> 00:21:31.754 align:middle line:84% $50 million dollars or something. 00:21:31.754 --> 00:21:35.110 align:middle line:84% It is like, yeah, the government will take care of it. 00:21:35.110 --> 00:21:39.690 align:middle line:84% So, I had a similar discussion with all of the other teams. 00:21:39.690 --> 00:21:42.490 align:middle line:84% In Tulipmania and Kolejka, what are the things that 00:21:42.490 --> 00:21:46.360 align:middle line:90% are really in high resolution? 00:21:46.360 --> 00:21:53.770 align:middle line:84% Everything that you can possibly do in standing in line is-- 00:21:53.770 --> 00:21:55.800 align:middle line:84% it is what that kind of game is about. 00:21:55.800 --> 00:21:59.450 align:middle line:84% Whereas things like money, for instance, 00:21:59.450 --> 00:22:03.060 align:middle line:84% or, oddly enough the way how the black market played out 00:22:03.060 --> 00:22:11.400 align:middle line:84% in Kolejka was less in the mind of the group that 00:22:11.400 --> 00:22:19.780 align:middle line:84% was playing because everybody had stuff to do. 00:22:19.780 --> 00:22:22.380 align:middle line:84% We didn't really have to stand in line 00:22:22.380 --> 00:22:25.885 align:middle line:84% but that might change with a smaller number of people. 00:22:25.885 --> 00:22:29.050 align:middle line:84% And Tulipmania, what did we talk about, 00:22:29.050 --> 00:22:31.455 align:middle line:84% the stuff that was really high resolution? 00:22:31.455 --> 00:22:40.365 align:middle line:90% 00:22:40.365 --> 00:22:45.300 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Trying to encourage the buyers, 00:22:45.300 --> 00:22:48.055 align:middle line:90% or use the buyers to [INAUDIBLE] 00:22:48.055 --> 00:22:48.980 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Right. 00:22:48.980 --> 00:22:53.710 align:middle line:84% So, getting other people, who have money. 00:22:53.710 --> 00:22:55.100 align:middle line:90% Why even play the game? 00:22:55.100 --> 00:22:59.560 align:middle line:84% These are not [INAUDIBLE] to put money down on the investment 00:22:59.560 --> 00:23:02.270 align:middle line:84% that you are telling them to make. 00:23:02.270 --> 00:23:04.290 align:middle line:84% It is really what they whole game is about. 00:23:04.290 --> 00:23:06.530 align:middle line:84% There is a lot of detail about how that works. 00:23:06.530 --> 00:23:08.020 align:middle line:90% It is all about. 00:23:08.020 --> 00:23:09.880 align:middle line:90% speculative activity. 00:23:09.880 --> 00:23:14.380 align:middle line:84% Whereas things like the actual prices, and where 00:23:14.380 --> 00:23:16.600 align:middle line:90% the bubble decides to burst. 00:23:16.600 --> 00:23:20.260 align:middle line:84% Those things are simplified to the point where the players can 00:23:20.260 --> 00:23:22.360 align:middle line:84% make a decision about it in a way 00:23:22.360 --> 00:23:24.700 align:middle line:84% that maybe real people can't make a decision. 00:23:24.700 --> 00:23:27.630 align:middle line:90% 00:23:27.630 --> 00:23:30.860 align:middle line:84% OK, so hopefully that gives you ideas 00:23:30.860 --> 00:23:34.300 align:middle line:84% about the way-- how you can play around 00:23:34.300 --> 00:23:37.550 align:middle line:84% with the level of fidelity in your game. 00:23:37.550 --> 00:23:41.660 align:middle line:84% And now we're already down to the last half hour in class, 00:23:41.660 --> 00:23:46.820 align:middle line:84% so let's talk a little about your assignment 3. 00:23:46.820 --> 00:23:49.750 align:middle line:84% First of all, has anyone been thinking about this? 00:23:49.750 --> 00:23:54.126 align:middle line:84% I know you guys want to get back to your game. 00:23:54.126 --> 00:23:56.840 align:middle line:84% Has anyone got an idea about assignment 3 00:23:56.840 --> 00:23:59.720 align:middle line:84% that you want to pitch to your teams-- to the class now, 00:23:59.720 --> 00:24:01.060 align:middle line:90% to be able to form a team now? 00:24:01.060 --> 00:24:03.620 align:middle line:84% It's probably a good time to do it. 00:24:03.620 --> 00:24:06.800 align:middle line:84% It doesn't need to be fully fleshed out. 00:24:06.800 --> 00:24:14.176 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I have an idea for a board game based around 00:24:14.176 --> 00:24:16.810 align:middle line:84% the first triumvirate, where the players are on either 00:24:16.810 --> 00:24:19.830 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] And-- 00:24:19.830 --> 00:24:21.205 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: The Roman triumvirate. 00:24:21.205 --> 00:24:24.160 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: And basically, all the players 00:24:24.160 --> 00:24:27.130 align:middle line:84% just want to want to march on Rome and become dictator there. 00:24:27.130 --> 00:24:30.720 align:middle line:84% But there's other players in the way. 00:24:30.720 --> 00:24:34.650 align:middle line:84% And also the Roman establishment, 00:24:34.650 --> 00:24:37.210 align:middle line:84% the senate doesn't want a dictator. 00:24:37.210 --> 00:24:39.930 align:middle line:84% And so you are trying to campaign 00:24:39.930 --> 00:24:41.890 align:middle line:84% to acquire more soldiers, and more 00:24:41.890 --> 00:24:45.060 align:middle line:84% influence around so that you can overcome them. 00:24:45.060 --> 00:24:49.030 align:middle line:84% You are also pushing your luck and taking riskier plays, 00:24:49.030 --> 00:24:53.940 align:middle line:84% so you can do this back to the other players. 00:24:53.940 --> 00:25:01.370 align:middle line:84% And, eventually, someone gets far ahead of them. 00:25:01.370 --> 00:25:07.330 align:middle line:84% Or someone or something doesn't pay off and they get killed. 00:25:07.330 --> 00:25:12.046 align:middle line:84% And then the whole thing [INAUDIBLE] and the players 00:25:12.046 --> 00:25:13.940 align:middle line:90% start fighting each other. 00:25:13.940 --> 00:25:16.450 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So it's kind of tenuous cooperation. 00:25:16.450 --> 00:25:17.470 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Yes 00:25:17.470 --> 00:25:21.050 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So it's an interesting-- certainly a lot, 00:25:21.050 --> 00:25:24.280 align:middle line:84% a wealth of material to look at, when 00:25:24.280 --> 00:25:27.860 align:middle line:84% it comes to the fall of the Roman republic. 00:25:27.860 --> 00:25:32.470 align:middle line:84% Basically, if anyone points to people who-- 00:25:32.470 --> 00:25:34.680 align:middle line:84% the individual people caused the fall 00:25:34.680 --> 00:25:38.770 align:middle line:90% of the republic [INAUDIBLE]. 00:25:38.770 --> 00:25:40.066 align:middle line:90% Obviously, [INAUDIBLE]. 00:25:40.066 --> 00:25:42.640 align:middle line:90% 00:25:42.640 --> 00:25:44.690 align:middle line:84% That might be, if you are interested. 00:25:44.690 --> 00:25:47.200 align:middle line:84% Or if you don't actually know that much about ancient Romans 00:25:47.200 --> 00:25:51.750 align:middle line:84% and would like to, that is probably a good project 00:25:51.750 --> 00:25:53.446 align:middle line:90% to get into. 00:25:53.446 --> 00:25:57.040 align:middle line:84% I can't think of any better way to learn about a topic 00:25:57.040 --> 00:26:00.295 align:middle line:84% than to try to make a game about it. 00:26:00.295 --> 00:26:01.225 align:middle line:90% Anybody else? 00:26:01.225 --> 00:26:04.490 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So this isn't a complete idea at all, 00:26:04.490 --> 00:26:09.760 align:middle line:84% and I'm probably coming about it from the wrong direction, 00:26:09.760 --> 00:26:12.790 align:middle line:84% but I would be very interested in finding 00:26:12.790 --> 00:26:15.370 align:middle line:90% some historical event which-- 00:26:15.370 --> 00:26:18.530 align:middle line:90% 00:26:18.530 --> 00:26:22.630 align:middle line:84% or some role where the person consistently 00:26:22.630 --> 00:26:26.220 align:middle line:84% felt that things were out of their control, and kept getting 00:26:26.220 --> 00:26:27.500 align:middle line:90% pushed in the same direction. 00:26:27.500 --> 00:26:31.000 align:middle line:84% And then make it so that the game always does the same-- 00:26:31.000 --> 00:26:32.855 align:middle line:90% it always ends in the same way. 00:26:32.855 --> 00:26:39.400 align:middle line:84% So it is a deterministic game, apart from how you get there. 00:26:39.400 --> 00:26:44.930 align:middle line:84% So, make it so that, for example, there's two players. 00:26:44.930 --> 00:26:46.960 align:middle line:84% One of them is guaranteed to be the winner. 00:26:46.960 --> 00:26:50.020 align:middle line:84% So make it actually follow history, and then don't 00:26:50.020 --> 00:26:51.400 align:middle line:90% tell the people this. 00:26:51.400 --> 00:26:54.510 align:middle line:84% Just have a game where eventually people realise that 00:26:54.510 --> 00:27:01.240 align:middle line:84% this is a game where, hey, this turned out remarkably like 00:27:01.240 --> 00:27:02.420 align:middle line:90% actual history. 00:27:02.420 --> 00:27:04.780 align:middle line:84% And then they play it again, and it is still remarkably 00:27:04.780 --> 00:27:05.640 align:middle line:90% like actual history. 00:27:05.640 --> 00:27:10.030 align:middle line:84% And then they eventually realise that you are playing through 00:27:10.030 --> 00:27:11.075 align:middle line:90% the motions. 00:27:11.075 --> 00:27:15.730 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: You could certainly make a game where the governing 00:27:15.730 --> 00:27:20.620 align:middle line:84% forces are very powerful, so it's 00:27:20.620 --> 00:27:23.560 align:middle line:84% going to be playing out in pretty much the same way 00:27:23.560 --> 00:27:24.190 align:middle line:90% each time. 00:27:24.190 --> 00:27:26.500 align:middle line:84% But then, the question is, what is the agency 00:27:26.500 --> 00:27:27.750 align:middle line:90% that you have in there? 00:27:27.750 --> 00:27:30.720 align:middle line:84% What does [INAUDIBLE] take to be able to influence things. 00:27:30.720 --> 00:27:37.580 align:middle line:84% So even a game like [INAUDIBLE] is not a good example of this, 00:27:37.580 --> 00:27:41.140 align:middle line:84% but it's a game that's based on the events that are actually 00:27:41.140 --> 00:27:42.440 align:middle line:90% in a deck of cards. 00:27:42.440 --> 00:27:45.190 align:middle line:84% And so what you do to play out, these 00:27:45.190 --> 00:27:47.270 align:middle line:84% are things that actually happened in real history 00:27:47.270 --> 00:27:49.240 align:middle line:84% and they may not be in the right order, 00:27:49.240 --> 00:27:51.696 align:middle line:90% but they will always happen. 00:27:51.696 --> 00:27:53.770 align:middle line:84% So it ends up being what kinds of decisions 00:27:53.770 --> 00:27:57.460 align:middle line:84% you are to make in all of those circumstances. 00:27:57.460 --> 00:28:00.562 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] slightly different parameters. 00:28:00.562 --> 00:28:05.470 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Most operational-level war games do exactly that. 00:28:05.470 --> 00:28:09.550 align:middle line:84% The game is not about getting the Germans to win 00:28:09.550 --> 00:28:13.750 align:middle line:84% or winning Vietnam, it's more about 00:28:13.750 --> 00:28:17.960 align:middle line:84% what are the various strategies you have to use at the time. 00:28:17.960 --> 00:28:19.690 align:middle line:84% But more than likely, though, the game 00:28:19.690 --> 00:28:22.320 align:middle line:84% is set to end the way history does-- played out. 00:28:22.320 --> 00:28:24.850 align:middle line:90% 00:28:24.850 --> 00:28:27.720 align:middle line:84% So they're really complicated games. 00:28:27.720 --> 00:28:30.860 align:middle line:84% There's some less complicated ones, 00:28:30.860 --> 00:28:32.800 align:middle line:84% so if you end up going down that route, 00:28:32.800 --> 00:28:38.060 align:middle line:84% I might have some card-based versions of the game to show. 00:28:38.060 --> 00:28:41.490 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: You might also want to zoom in into the very-- 00:28:41.490 --> 00:28:45.000 align:middle line:84% instead of a wide swath of history, go really small. 00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:47.150 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Most board games about battles 00:28:47.150 --> 00:28:49.795 align:middle line:84% will allow you to have a battle a different way. 00:28:49.795 --> 00:28:51.920 align:middle line:84% But anything operational-level tend 00:28:51.920 --> 00:28:54.582 align:middle line:84% to be very much about you just exploring 00:28:54.582 --> 00:28:56.830 align:middle line:90% what is going to be in that. 00:28:56.830 --> 00:28:59.370 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: That's true. 00:28:59.370 --> 00:29:01.353 align:middle line:84% So you've had your hand up forever, 00:29:01.353 --> 00:29:02.750 align:middle line:90% and then we'll go back this way. 00:29:02.750 --> 00:29:04.125 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I have a separate idea, 00:29:04.125 --> 00:29:08.180 align:middle line:84% but just for that idea, maybe the Russian Revolution. 00:29:08.180 --> 00:29:11.590 align:middle line:84% Everyone was just caught up in all this craziness. 00:29:11.590 --> 00:29:14.325 align:middle line:84% It's like-- the game is basically forcing you 00:29:14.325 --> 00:29:15.875 align:middle line:84% that your revolution is going to lose 00:29:15.875 --> 00:29:17.926 align:middle line:84% and another one is going to come in. 00:29:17.926 --> 00:29:21.800 align:middle line:84% But along the way you are trying to set up your perfect table. 00:29:21.800 --> 00:29:24.220 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: You could imagine a game 00:29:24.220 --> 00:29:26.910 align:middle line:84% where there's already this tidal wave of change happening. 00:29:26.910 --> 00:29:32.080 align:middle line:84% You don't stop the wave, but how well can you ride that wave. 00:29:32.080 --> 00:29:33.940 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: But an idea I was thinking of 00:29:33.940 --> 00:29:37.930 align:middle line:84% was the dot-com bubble, back in the late '90s, 00:29:37.930 --> 00:29:41.500 align:middle line:84% where you would be some startup with a ridiculous business 00:29:41.500 --> 00:29:44.950 align:middle line:84% plan who is trying to acquire as many users 00:29:44.950 --> 00:29:46.800 align:middle line:84% as you can in a short amount of time. 00:29:46.800 --> 00:29:49.470 align:middle line:84% Get an IPO, got a lot of money from VCs, 00:29:49.470 --> 00:29:52.990 align:middle line:84% and then get out before everything crashes. 00:29:52.990 --> 00:29:57.160 align:middle line:84% So, I guess, about a bubble like Tulipmania is, but 00:29:57.160 --> 00:29:59.196 align:middle line:84% a little different in terms of the mechanics. 00:29:59.196 --> 00:30:00.830 align:middle line:90% How do you deal with the bubble? 00:30:00.830 --> 00:30:03.788 align:middle line:90% 00:30:03.788 --> 00:30:06.260 align:middle line:84% TEACHING ASSISTANT: For that one, 00:30:06.260 --> 00:30:09.435 align:middle line:84% think about what the people who are going through that. 00:30:09.435 --> 00:30:11.430 align:middle line:84% What do they actually know about the bubble. 00:30:11.430 --> 00:30:14.010 align:middle line:84% Did they know that the bubble was going to happen or not. 00:30:14.010 --> 00:30:15.690 align:middle line:90% At least for this assignment. 00:30:15.690 --> 00:30:19.820 align:middle line:84% It's about being in the perspective of the person 00:30:19.820 --> 00:30:21.850 align:middle line:90% at that time, in that real time. 00:30:21.850 --> 00:30:24.920 align:middle line:84% What about it is hindsight versus what 00:30:24.920 --> 00:30:26.650 align:middle line:90% they thought at the time. 00:30:26.650 --> 00:30:29.820 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Yeah it's easy to make a game-- we have had games 00:30:29.820 --> 00:30:32.370 align:middle line:84% in this class that were also about the dot-com bubble 00:30:32.370 --> 00:30:36.900 align:middle line:84% A lot of it was making fun of how ridiculous it looks 00:30:36.900 --> 00:30:38.320 align:middle line:90% like now, in hindsight. 00:30:38.320 --> 00:30:42.910 align:middle line:84% But it's good to try to think, what information did they 00:30:42.910 --> 00:30:44.220 align:middle line:90% have at the time? 00:30:44.220 --> 00:30:46.410 align:middle line:84% It looks like-- did this look like it 00:30:46.410 --> 00:30:49.800 align:middle line:90% was going to go on forever? 00:30:49.800 --> 00:30:53.870 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I have three different ideas. 00:30:53.870 --> 00:30:57.300 align:middle line:84% Most of what I think is I want to make 00:30:57.300 --> 00:31:00.335 align:middle line:84% a two-player game, where one person is 00:31:00.335 --> 00:31:03.000 align:middle line:84% in a position of power and the other person is 00:31:03.000 --> 00:31:06.480 align:middle line:84% working for them and otherwise subversive to them. 00:31:06.480 --> 00:31:09.380 align:middle line:84% And the person in the position of power 00:31:09.380 --> 00:31:12.070 align:middle line:84% has the ability to [INAUDIBLE] the other person. 00:31:12.070 --> 00:31:15.130 align:middle line:84% And what the other person can do is-- 00:31:15.130 --> 00:31:16.784 align:middle line:84% should they try to overthrow them? 00:31:16.784 --> 00:31:18.700 align:middle line:84% Does this-- How does this describe their life? 00:31:18.700 --> 00:31:24.924 align:middle line:90% 00:31:24.924 --> 00:31:29.272 align:middle line:84% Another idea I had was a love affair thing, 00:31:29.272 --> 00:31:32.500 align:middle line:90% a three-player game. 00:31:32.500 --> 00:31:38.900 align:middle line:84% I'm not sure that a three-player with 12 pairs. 00:31:38.900 --> 00:31:42.505 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Maybe you can identify a specific three 00:31:42.505 --> 00:31:43.005 align:middle line:90% people 00:31:43.005 --> 00:31:46.390 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Yes, maybe like Yoko and all the Beatles 00:31:46.390 --> 00:31:47.946 align:middle line:90% or something 00:31:47.946 --> 00:31:50.844 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah, that would go. 00:31:50.844 --> 00:31:56.650 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: And then another one, [INAUDIBLE] 00:31:56.650 --> 00:32:00.430 align:middle line:84% A game about feminist actions, on how they're all not 00:32:00.430 --> 00:32:04.886 align:middle line:84% quite the same thing but they are arguably minor points. 00:32:04.886 --> 00:32:07.256 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 00:32:07.256 --> 00:32:11.482 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: [INAUDIBLE] by in time, because will be 00:32:11.482 --> 00:32:14.055 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 00:32:14.055 --> 00:32:16.875 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Cool, so I have two vague ideas. 00:32:16.875 --> 00:32:20.990 align:middle line:84% The first one, I am really interested in technology 00:32:20.990 --> 00:32:24.550 align:middle line:84% that changes the way people live their daily lives. 00:32:24.550 --> 00:32:27.620 align:middle line:84% So, when you look at 20th century, 00:32:27.620 --> 00:32:32.630 align:middle line:84% we had personal computers, so it could be like you're trying 00:32:32.630 --> 00:32:35.650 align:middle line:84% to hack things together in garages in Silicon Valley 00:32:35.650 --> 00:32:37.172 align:middle line:90% in the 1970's. 00:32:37.172 --> 00:32:41.120 align:middle line:84% Another idea is being Henry Ford, and building cars 00:32:41.120 --> 00:32:42.640 align:middle line:90% or bringing cars to the masses. 00:32:42.640 --> 00:32:47.300 align:middle line:84% Maybe you are a plant overseer and you 00:32:47.300 --> 00:32:49.420 align:middle line:90% are a line or something. 00:32:49.420 --> 00:32:51.640 align:middle line:84% Another one could be you are the Wright Brothers, 00:32:51.640 --> 00:32:52.524 align:middle line:90% inventing airplanes. 00:32:52.524 --> 00:32:56.510 align:middle line:84% It could be an experimental game. 00:32:56.510 --> 00:32:59.000 align:middle line:84% Another idea I had was that you are 00:32:59.000 --> 00:33:01.180 align:middle line:84% in the 1500's or the 1600's, and you are a merchant. 00:33:01.180 --> 00:33:03.920 align:middle line:84% You've got your ship, and you need to go buy stuff 00:33:03.920 --> 00:33:05.450 align:middle line:90% and bring it home and sell it. 00:33:05.450 --> 00:33:07.400 align:middle line:84% But the complication is there is-- 00:33:07.400 --> 00:33:11.430 align:middle line:84% you know how those old-time maps had sea monsters all over them, 00:33:11.430 --> 00:33:14.070 align:middle line:84% because the ships would disappear? 00:33:14.070 --> 00:33:18.820 align:middle line:84% But to a sea monster that ship is really good, am I right? 00:33:18.820 --> 00:33:21.160 align:middle line:84% That was the only rational explanation. 00:33:21.160 --> 00:33:26.400 align:middle line:84% I'm thinking that, [INAUDIBLE] What's that? 00:33:26.400 --> 00:33:28.676 align:middle line:90% When you go off the Earth. 00:33:28.676 --> 00:33:30.620 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: This is after 1492. 00:33:30.620 --> 00:33:31.590 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: What's that? 00:33:31.590 --> 00:33:32.610 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: This is after the circumnavigation, 00:33:32.610 --> 00:33:34.440 align:middle line:90% and the world is actually round. 00:33:34.440 --> 00:33:37.634 align:middle line:90% But they could be [INAUDIBLE] 00:33:37.634 --> 00:33:42.940 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] Here's your home, 00:33:42.940 --> 00:33:45.900 align:middle line:84% here's the place where all the resources are, and you 00:33:45.900 --> 00:33:47.550 align:middle line:90% have to get the resources back. 00:33:47.550 --> 00:33:49.258 align:middle line:84% But there is a sea monster in the middle. 00:33:49.258 --> 00:33:51.275 align:middle line:84% It's a path-building game, where there 00:33:51.275 --> 00:33:54.061 align:middle line:84% is a random aspect of the sea monster and if you [INAUDIBLE], 00:33:54.061 --> 00:33:54.560 align:middle line:90% you're dead. 00:33:54.560 --> 00:33:55.810 align:middle line:84% But if you can survive, you will profit. 00:33:55.810 --> 00:33:57.320 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So you're a ship captain. 00:33:57.320 --> 00:34:00.790 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Yeah, you are a merchant ship captain. 00:34:00.790 --> 00:34:06.506 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Everyone had a chance to say, who had their hand up? 00:34:06.506 --> 00:34:10.370 align:middle line:90% 00:34:10.370 --> 00:34:19.767 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] you're getting 00:34:19.767 --> 00:34:21.460 align:middle line:84% data on which sensor is appearing, 00:34:21.460 --> 00:34:23.513 align:middle line:84% and you're trying to figure out where 00:34:23.513 --> 00:34:24.679 align:middle line:90% the monsters are on the map. 00:34:24.679 --> 00:34:28.620 align:middle line:84% So you're getting this information that-- 00:34:28.620 --> 00:34:33.960 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] really make it obvious 00:34:33.960 --> 00:34:35.710 align:middle line:84% that that's not actually what's going on 00:34:35.710 --> 00:34:37.719 align:middle line:90% by rolling dice or something. 00:34:37.719 --> 00:34:43.260 align:middle line:84% Or doing something very clearly random for whether-- 00:34:43.260 --> 00:34:45.846 align:middle line:84% which ships out of a particular set come back 00:34:45.846 --> 00:34:48.710 align:middle line:84% and which don't, based on where they were going. 00:34:48.710 --> 00:34:50.690 align:middle line:84% And then somehow you are supposed 00:34:50.690 --> 00:34:55.060 align:middle line:84% to make your case that, this is exactly where the monsters are. 00:34:55.060 --> 00:34:59.555 align:middle line:84% My map matches the data, and these other players maps don't. 00:34:59.555 --> 00:35:00.930 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: You want to be looking 00:35:00.930 --> 00:35:04.655 align:middle line:84% at cartography technology that was out there, 00:35:04.655 --> 00:35:09.000 align:middle line:84% or what sea-going timepieces look like at that time. 00:35:09.000 --> 00:35:14.440 align:middle line:84% Navigation, but also how does society of information 00:35:14.440 --> 00:35:15.840 align:middle line:90% ran at that time. 00:35:15.840 --> 00:35:18.210 align:middle line:84% Was it all just the royal society of blah, 00:35:18.210 --> 00:35:21.230 align:middle line:90% or was it more entrepreneurial? 00:35:21.230 --> 00:35:22.730 align:middle line:84% TEACHING ASSISTANT: So for that one, 00:35:22.730 --> 00:35:24.340 align:middle line:84% possible primary sources if you wanted 00:35:24.340 --> 00:35:26.450 align:middle line:84% to keep the fantastical element, but still 00:35:26.450 --> 00:35:29.600 align:middle line:84% make a little bit more of realistic of the time 00:35:29.600 --> 00:35:32.210 align:middle line:84% Umberto Eco wrote a book, Baudolino, 00:35:32.210 --> 00:35:36.830 align:middle line:84% about the mystery of Prester John, 00:35:36.830 --> 00:35:42.450 align:middle line:84% the Prester John who went from Europe to bring Christianity 00:35:42.450 --> 00:35:46.010 align:middle line:90% to the Orient. 00:35:46.010 --> 00:35:48.080 align:middle line:84% But it is a book about the Orient 00:35:48.080 --> 00:35:50.060 align:middle line:84% It is a book about map making, cartography, 00:35:50.060 --> 00:35:52.370 align:middle line:90% that kind of knowledge sharing. 00:35:52.370 --> 00:35:56.090 align:middle line:84% And the idea that if you just say something existed, 00:35:56.090 --> 00:35:57.305 align:middle line:90% it existed for real. 00:35:57.305 --> 00:35:59.860 align:middle line:84% Enough people believed it, the people in power 00:35:59.860 --> 00:36:02.300 align:middle line:84% believed it, so that it might as well have been real. 00:36:02.300 --> 00:36:03.400 align:middle line:90% And that's the kind of-- 00:36:03.400 --> 00:36:04.600 align:middle line:84% that's the weird kind of world they 00:36:04.600 --> 00:36:06.910 align:middle line:84% were working in the 13th and 14th century in Europe. 00:36:06.910 --> 00:36:11.090 align:middle line:84% It was that you had these itinerants come around and say, 00:36:11.090 --> 00:36:16.010 align:middle line:84% yes, I met Prester John, here's this map, and by the way, 00:36:16.010 --> 00:36:19.520 align:middle line:84% here's a relic of Jesus, or here is a relic of some other saint. 00:36:19.520 --> 00:36:21.870 align:middle line:84% And just by saying that made it-- 00:36:21.870 --> 00:36:25.040 align:middle line:84% gave those objects power, gave the person power. 00:36:25.040 --> 00:36:28.030 align:middle line:84% At least for a little while within that little burg 00:36:28.030 --> 00:36:31.154 align:middle line:90% that he was traveling through. 00:36:31.154 --> 00:36:33.040 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I was also going to suggest 00:36:33.040 --> 00:36:35.770 align:middle line:84% a cartography kind of game, or an explorer trying 00:36:35.770 --> 00:36:40.162 align:middle line:90% to map out something. 00:36:40.162 --> 00:36:45.906 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So map making before modern technology is scary 00:36:45.906 --> 00:36:50.240 align:middle line:84% seeing that one of two things could proceed. 00:36:50.240 --> 00:36:51.590 align:middle line:90% Anybody else have ideas? 00:36:51.590 --> 00:36:54.660 align:middle line:84% It doesn't necessarily need to be game mechanic ideas, 00:36:54.660 --> 00:36:57.630 align:middle line:84% it could be just time period and person ideas. 00:36:57.630 --> 00:37:00.910 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So I don't know if I want to do this 00:37:00.910 --> 00:37:04.170 align:middle line:84% or not, because it is really controversial. 00:37:04.170 --> 00:37:08.160 align:middle line:84% I'm from North Dakota and I have seen 00:37:08.160 --> 00:37:10.290 align:middle line:84% a lot of the Native Americans struggle 00:37:10.290 --> 00:37:12.840 align:middle line:84% and I've read a lot of their history. 00:37:12.840 --> 00:37:15.830 align:middle line:84% So I was thinking about making a satire, 00:37:15.830 --> 00:37:17.580 align:middle line:84% Like one person is the Native Americans 00:37:17.580 --> 00:37:19.950 align:middle line:84% and one person is the United States. 00:37:19.950 --> 00:37:23.230 align:middle line:84% And just to illustrate the crazy injustices. 00:37:23.230 --> 00:37:25.140 align:middle line:84% But that is kind of heavy, and I don't 00:37:25.140 --> 00:37:27.287 align:middle line:90% know if I want to explore it. 00:37:27.287 --> 00:37:29.120 align:middle line:84% But there are ridiculous things that happen. 00:37:29.120 --> 00:37:32.250 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Well it's not that far off from of the ideas 00:37:32.250 --> 00:37:36.480 align:middle line:84% you had about two very different levels of power, right? 00:37:36.480 --> 00:37:38.960 align:middle line:84% And that also goes to very different levels of access 00:37:38.960 --> 00:37:40.890 align:middle line:90% to information. 00:37:40.890 --> 00:37:44.090 align:middle line:84% So, maybe you should your group and see 00:37:44.090 --> 00:37:45.743 align:middle line:90% if those ideas work out. 00:37:45.743 --> 00:37:52.866 align:middle line:90% 00:37:52.866 --> 00:37:54.240 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Not really fleshed out, 00:37:54.240 --> 00:37:58.594 align:middle line:84% but I was thinking about looking at a mass murder in history. 00:37:58.594 --> 00:37:59.562 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK 00:37:59.562 --> 00:38:01.982 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Just any one of them. 00:38:01.982 --> 00:38:04.402 align:middle line:90% Trying to make a game out of it. 00:38:04.402 --> 00:38:06.580 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: OK, so mass murders on the scale 00:38:06.580 --> 00:38:09.240 align:middle line:90% of armed conflict-- 00:38:09.240 --> 00:38:13.480 align:middle line:84% armed public conflict, and mass murders of the serial killers 00:38:13.480 --> 00:38:16.152 align:middle line:90% sort, where it is a mystery. 00:38:16.152 --> 00:38:17.500 align:middle line:90% Do you have a preference? 00:38:17.500 --> 00:38:19.055 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I'm thinking serial killers 00:38:19.055 --> 00:38:22.629 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: All right, there are a couple of famous ones. 00:38:22.629 --> 00:38:23.420 align:middle line:90% What sort of roles? 00:38:23.420 --> 00:38:25.120 align:middle line:84% Like the investigation part of it, 00:38:25.120 --> 00:38:27.050 align:middle line:84% or the try to get away with it kind of thing? 00:38:27.050 --> 00:38:29.341 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I think the trying to get away with it thing. 00:38:29.341 --> 00:38:31.630 align:middle line:90% All right? 00:38:31.630 --> 00:38:34.374 align:middle line:84% TEACHING ASSISTANT: I think you might get visited by the FBI. 00:38:34.374 --> 00:38:38.880 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Have people watched the Meet the Team videos 00:38:38.880 --> 00:38:42.650 align:middle line:90% for Team Fortress 2? 00:38:42.650 --> 00:38:46.758 align:middle line:84% STUDENT: So one of these videos is about the pyro, 00:38:46.758 --> 00:38:49.230 align:middle line:90% he's one of the characters. 00:38:49.230 --> 00:38:54.730 align:middle line:84% And in that video it shows the pyro's worldview as Candy Land, 00:38:54.730 --> 00:38:55.650 align:middle line:90% basically. 00:38:55.650 --> 00:38:59.200 align:middle line:84% And this is a guy who goes around and burns everything. 00:38:59.200 --> 00:39:03.860 align:middle line:84% And I'm thinking something-- just in response 00:39:03.860 --> 00:39:06.010 align:middle line:84% to what you are saying about a mass murderer. 00:39:06.010 --> 00:39:09.570 align:middle line:84% If you can find a mass murderer who is historically known 00:39:09.570 --> 00:39:12.250 align:middle line:90% to be crazy [INAUDIBLE]. 00:39:12.250 --> 00:39:14.430 align:middle line:90% And then you make-- 00:39:14.430 --> 00:39:17.370 align:middle line:84% you could have two different boards the way 00:39:17.370 --> 00:39:19.120 align:middle line:84% that there were for the [? feed ?] 00:39:19.120 --> 00:39:21.370 align:middle line:90% game, with the last project. 00:39:21.370 --> 00:39:23.160 align:middle line:84% And you could have one of the boards 00:39:23.160 --> 00:39:26.130 align:middle line:90% be very clearly fantasy land. 00:39:26.130 --> 00:39:28.185 align:middle line:84% This guy is going after something, 00:39:28.185 --> 00:39:29.820 align:middle line:90% he's trying to find something. 00:39:29.820 --> 00:39:34.746 align:middle line:84% I don't know, trying to kill women or something. 00:39:34.746 --> 00:39:36.830 align:middle line:84% So he's going around slaughtering them, 00:39:36.830 --> 00:39:40.272 align:middle line:84% and on the other map it is the real view 00:39:40.272 --> 00:39:43.340 align:middle line:90% of what has happened there. 00:39:43.340 --> 00:39:46.080 align:middle line:84% And then you can have whomever is 00:39:46.080 --> 00:39:49.190 align:middle line:84% trying to stop see the completely different view 00:39:49.190 --> 00:39:52.445 align:middle line:90% on the situation. 00:39:52.445 --> 00:39:57.024 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So similarly related to that idea, a good example 00:39:57.024 --> 00:40:03.490 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] but it [INAUDIBLE] There is a book called 00:40:03.490 --> 00:40:05.760 align:middle line:90% Devil in the White City. 00:40:05.760 --> 00:40:08.780 align:middle line:84% At the Chicago World's Fair, they 00:40:08.780 --> 00:40:10.915 align:middle line:84% were building this beautiful city, 00:40:10.915 --> 00:40:15.570 align:middle line:84% they wanted to show off to the world what America could do. 00:40:15.570 --> 00:40:20.330 align:middle line:84% There was all this modernization, and showing off 00:40:20.330 --> 00:40:24.062 align:middle line:84% the electric lights, and how exciting that was. 00:40:24.062 --> 00:40:27.780 align:middle line:84% They built this beautiful, huge white building. 00:40:27.780 --> 00:40:30.450 align:middle line:90% They put up the whole thing. 00:40:30.450 --> 00:40:32.330 align:middle line:84% Then, in the shadow of this, there 00:40:32.330 --> 00:40:36.690 align:middle line:84% was a serial killer who was exploiting the fact that there 00:40:36.690 --> 00:40:40.040 align:middle line:84% were migrant workers there all the time trying to build this. 00:40:40.040 --> 00:40:44.760 align:middle line:84% Which helped obfuscate his very criminal activities. 00:40:44.760 --> 00:40:47.072 align:middle line:90% 00:40:47.072 --> 00:40:49.030 align:middle line:84% TEACHING ASSISTANT: That's a great [INAUDIBLE]. 00:40:49.030 --> 00:40:51.966 align:middle line:84% It also keeps in the spirit of the assignment, too. 00:40:51.966 --> 00:40:54.215 align:middle line:84% Just thinking about how you've got this new situation, 00:40:54.215 --> 00:40:56.180 align:middle line:84% you've got these new systems involved, 00:40:56.180 --> 00:41:01.140 align:middle line:84% and how are you exploiting the system various ways. 00:41:01.140 --> 00:41:03.630 align:middle line:84% For anything [INAUDIBLE] I would be really, really cautious 00:41:03.630 --> 00:41:04.200 align:middle line:90% about. 00:41:04.200 --> 00:41:07.600 align:middle line:84% And even with the Native American aspect, or any kind 00:41:07.600 --> 00:41:09.500 align:middle line:84% of system of oppression, be really 00:41:09.500 --> 00:41:14.110 align:middle line:84% cautious about representing the person being oppressed. 00:41:14.110 --> 00:41:20.490 align:middle line:84% If you're putting it in a point of view of the oppressor, 00:41:20.490 --> 00:41:22.240 align:middle line:84% just be really, really careful about that. 00:41:22.240 --> 00:41:23.615 align:middle line:84% Actually, I personally think it's 00:41:23.615 --> 00:41:25.406 align:middle line:84% more interesting to be in the point of view 00:41:25.406 --> 00:41:27.620 align:middle line:84% of the person being oppressed, and how they're 00:41:27.620 --> 00:41:30.730 align:middle line:90% responding to that situation. 00:41:30.730 --> 00:41:34.010 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: That's a group [INAUDIBLE] 00:41:34.010 --> 00:41:36.500 align:middle line:84% who has done a couple of games on systemic oppression. 00:41:36.500 --> 00:41:41.690 align:middle line:84% That every time there-- if you look at any historical case 00:41:41.690 --> 00:41:42.640 align:middle line:90% of human-- 00:41:42.640 --> 00:41:45.380 align:middle line:84% a period of human oppression, you can always 00:41:45.380 --> 00:41:47.260 align:middle line:90% find a system underneath it. 00:41:47.260 --> 00:41:52.970 align:middle line:84% That system actually enables people to more easily inhumane 00:41:52.970 --> 00:41:54.610 align:middle line:90% to each other. 00:41:54.610 --> 00:41:57.200 align:middle line:84% Both as game designers systems are very practical tool 00:41:57.200 --> 00:41:58.970 align:middle line:90% and look at that. 00:41:58.970 --> 00:42:04.910 align:middle line:84% But just be aware that exploiting 00:42:04.910 --> 00:42:08.990 align:middle line:84% the history of people, who are oppressed, by the way, 00:42:08.990 --> 00:42:11.840 align:middle line:84% by taking their culture away from them. 00:42:11.840 --> 00:42:14.240 align:middle line:90% Try to do it with some respect. 00:42:14.240 --> 00:42:17.580 align:middle line:84% Try to bring some empathy into it. 00:42:17.580 --> 00:42:19.780 align:middle line:90% This is what it was like. 00:42:19.780 --> 00:42:22.520 align:middle line:84% And the limits that that they had on the kinds of decisions 00:42:22.520 --> 00:42:24.050 align:middle line:84% that you could make, for instance. 00:42:24.050 --> 00:42:34.590 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: A lot of historical games are very asymmetrical. 00:42:34.590 --> 00:42:38.966 align:middle line:84% Are the ones that are [INAUDIBLE] I don't know 00:42:38.966 --> 00:42:45.480 align:middle line:84% of any simple historical games [INAUDIBLE] 00:42:45.480 --> 00:42:48.045 align:middle line:84% All those historic games that are good, and simple, 00:42:48.045 --> 00:42:54.350 align:middle line:84% don't have these imbalances in power between the players 00:42:54.350 --> 00:42:57.960 align:middle line:84% because that requires very complicated rules 00:42:57.960 --> 00:43:01.990 align:middle line:90% make sure that it works. 00:43:01.990 --> 00:43:04.680 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: It is a huge design challenge, for sure. 00:43:04.680 --> 00:43:07.840 align:middle line:90% It is not going to be easy. 00:43:07.840 --> 00:43:09.864 align:middle line:90% It's 00:43:09.864 --> 00:43:12.900 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Is The Apprentice, Irish game, asymmetric? 00:43:12.900 --> 00:43:16.020 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Yeah that is an example. 00:43:16.020 --> 00:43:18.630 align:middle line:84% That's an interesting game because-- 00:43:18.630 --> 00:43:25.050 align:middle line:84% so there is a game [INAUDIBLE] Romero. 00:43:25.050 --> 00:43:28.500 align:middle line:84% Has the designer of many many famous computer 00:43:28.500 --> 00:43:30.150 align:middle line:84% games, including the Wizardry series 00:43:30.150 --> 00:43:33.780 align:middle line:90% all the way back in the '80s. 00:43:33.780 --> 00:43:36.907 align:middle line:84% But what she's more often known for nowadays 00:43:36.907 --> 00:43:38.490 align:middle line:84% is a series of games that she designed 00:43:38.490 --> 00:43:43.926 align:middle line:84% for museums on various systems for human oppression. 00:43:43.926 --> 00:43:47.110 align:middle line:90% Trail of Tears. 00:43:47.110 --> 00:43:48.900 align:middle line:90% She did Train. 00:43:48.900 --> 00:43:54.270 align:middle line:84% She did a game about he English occupation of Ireland. 00:43:54.270 --> 00:43:57.780 align:middle line:84% The way that game deals with it is that all the players 00:43:57.780 --> 00:43:58.560 align:middle line:90% are symmetric. 00:43:58.560 --> 00:44:01.130 align:middle line:84% All players are different Irish armies. 00:44:01.130 --> 00:44:03.380 align:middle line:84% But the system is playing against you. 00:44:03.380 --> 00:44:07.440 align:middle line:84% The system is basically this mechanical influx 00:44:07.440 --> 00:44:09.840 align:middle line:84% of the English taking more and more Irish land 00:44:09.840 --> 00:44:12.280 align:middle line:84% and cramming all of the Irish into smaller lumps of land. 00:44:12.280 --> 00:44:15.030 align:middle line:84% And people get pushed off the island-- 00:44:15.030 --> 00:44:16.500 align:middle line:90% forced immigration, basically. 00:44:16.500 --> 00:44:18.374 align:middle line:84% But that's another way to approach it, right? 00:44:18.374 --> 00:44:21.510 align:middle line:84% It's asymmetric but in a way it's easier to design, 00:44:21.510 --> 00:44:24.570 align:middle line:84% because it's the game system versus the players. 00:44:24.570 --> 00:44:26.688 align:middle line:84% And the games that those actually get the games 00:44:26.688 --> 00:44:29.146 align:middle line:84% is that is forcing the players to conflict with each other, 00:44:29.146 --> 00:44:31.604 align:middle line:84% because there are less and less resources for more and more 00:44:31.604 --> 00:44:36.191 align:middle line:90% people in the small space. 00:44:36.191 --> 00:44:37.440 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: I'm trying to think. 00:44:37.440 --> 00:44:40.580 align:middle line:90% 00:44:40.580 --> 00:44:41.910 align:middle line:90% Yeah, you're right. 00:44:41.910 --> 00:44:45.000 align:middle line:84% All the card-based two-player games that GMT puts out, 00:44:45.000 --> 00:44:49.259 align:middle line:84% like Twilight Struggle, they a lot of complex-- 00:44:49.259 --> 00:44:51.425 align:middle line:84% there's a lot of complex things going on underneath, 00:44:51.425 --> 00:44:52.883 align:middle line:84% and a lot of it is buried in cards. 00:44:52.883 --> 00:44:57.415 align:middle line:90% 00:44:57.415 --> 00:44:59.440 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Well, I can think of games 00:44:59.440 --> 00:45:04.450 align:middle line:84% that are highly asymmetric but not incredibly complicated, 00:45:04.450 --> 00:45:07.270 align:middle line:90% and a lot of it [INAUDIBLE]. 00:45:07.270 --> 00:45:09.940 align:middle line:84% For instance, which is not historically-based, but 00:45:09.940 --> 00:45:11.410 align:middle line:90% whatever. 00:45:11.410 --> 00:45:14.480 align:middle line:84% It is about alien races, and each alien race basically 00:45:14.480 --> 00:45:18.260 align:middle line:84% has a rule they can work in a very interesting way. 00:45:18.260 --> 00:45:21.160 align:middle line:84% But everybody starts with the same core rules, plus this one 00:45:21.160 --> 00:45:23.256 align:middle line:90% thing that you get to break. 00:45:23.256 --> 00:45:25.630 align:middle line:84% Tammany Hall, which we didn't get a chance to play today, 00:45:25.630 --> 00:45:29.070 align:middle line:84% is another one where it actually comes out to every round 00:45:29.070 --> 00:45:31.370 align:middle line:84% that you play in a game, there is a particular rule 00:45:31.370 --> 00:45:33.470 align:middle line:84% that you can break because you are occupying 00:45:33.470 --> 00:45:36.432 align:middle line:90% a position in city government. 00:45:36.432 --> 00:45:38.640 align:middle line:84% They can think of it as that break on special ability 00:45:38.640 --> 00:45:39.930 align:middle line:90% and execute. 00:45:39.930 --> 00:45:43.150 align:middle line:84% That is another way to be able to think about it. 00:45:43.150 --> 00:45:46.690 align:middle line:84% So, we've already had The [INAUDIBLE] 00:45:46.690 --> 00:45:50.190 align:middle line:84% which was really more like two different games that are 00:45:50.190 --> 00:45:53.180 align:middle line:90% being played simultaneously. 00:45:53.180 --> 00:45:55.519 align:middle line:84% So if any of you were on that team, 00:45:55.519 --> 00:45:57.310 align:middle line:84% you already have a perspective on what it's 00:45:57.310 --> 00:46:00.510 align:middle line:84% like to design a game with magic information, 00:46:00.510 --> 00:46:02.170 align:middle line:90% and magic abilities for-- 00:46:02.170 --> 00:46:04.200 align:middle line:90% in different goals. 00:46:04.200 --> 00:46:05.830 align:middle line:84% It has been done in this class before. 00:46:05.830 --> 00:46:09.851 align:middle line:84% It is a design challenge, but you can do it. 00:46:09.851 --> 00:46:11.600 align:middle line:84% TEACHING ASSISTANT: The original Netrunner 00:46:11.600 --> 00:46:13.900 align:middle line:84% is still a little complicated in that, 00:46:13.900 --> 00:46:16.090 align:middle line:84% there are a ton of different cards 00:46:16.090 --> 00:46:18.650 align:middle line:84% that are carrying a lot of the stuff. 00:46:18.650 --> 00:46:25.137 align:middle line:84% But [INAUDIBLE] it is closer to what you do in this class. 00:46:25.137 --> 00:46:26.595 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: It's not like you've got 00:46:26.595 --> 00:46:28.386 align:middle line:84% a game that has different goals you already 00:46:28.386 --> 00:46:34.857 align:middle line:90% enjoy using [INAUDIBLE] 00:46:34.857 --> 00:46:38.954 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] Cosmic Encounters, 00:46:38.954 --> 00:46:41.042 align:middle line:90% but it's not balanced at all. 00:46:41.042 --> 00:46:42.000 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: No it's not. 00:46:42.000 --> 00:46:42.330 align:middle line:90% It doesn't need to be. 00:46:42.330 --> 00:46:44.390 align:middle line:84% That's not a requirement of this class. 00:46:44.390 --> 00:46:48.210 align:middle line:84% The class is something playable and engaging. 00:46:48.210 --> 00:46:52.470 align:middle line:90% I never asked for balancing. 00:46:52.470 --> 00:46:54.412 align:middle line:84% First of all, the time frames that we're 00:46:54.412 --> 00:46:56.203 align:middle line:84% giving you to completely finish these games 00:46:56.203 --> 00:46:58.370 align:middle line:84% is a little bit unrealistic for balance. 00:46:58.370 --> 00:46:59.620 align:middle line:90% TEACHING ASSISTANT: Iteration. 00:46:59.620 --> 00:47:01.140 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Visibility-- 00:47:01.140 --> 00:47:02.580 align:middle line:84% TEACHING ASSISTANT: Iteration gets 00:47:02.580 --> 00:47:04.205 align:middle line:90% more balanced as time passes. 00:47:04.205 --> 00:47:05.244 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yes 00:47:05.244 --> 00:47:07.410 align:middle line:84% TEACHING ASSISTANT: But at the end, we still don't-- 00:47:07.410 --> 00:47:09.006 align:middle line:84% we're not really grading on balance 00:47:09.006 --> 00:47:12.102 align:middle line:84% as much as we're grading on iteration and-- 00:47:12.102 --> 00:47:15.870 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I think these like usability is something 00:47:15.870 --> 00:47:17.130 align:middle line:90% that we are going to look at. 00:47:17.130 --> 00:47:19.254 align:middle line:84% Do understand your rules is more important than how 00:47:19.254 --> 00:47:20.950 align:middle line:90% well your rules look. 00:47:20.950 --> 00:47:23.670 align:middle line:84% If your rules completely break, that's a problem. 00:47:23.670 --> 00:47:26.580 align:middle line:84% But if your numbers are off, sorry. 00:47:26.580 --> 00:47:28.080 align:middle line:84% A few percentage points or a couple 00:47:28.080 --> 00:47:30.930 align:middle line:84% of [INAUDIBLE] or a couple of [INAUDIBLE] even. 00:47:30.930 --> 00:47:33.200 align:middle line:84% But I don't understand how your rules work, 00:47:33.200 --> 00:47:35.875 align:middle line:90% that means a lot more to me. 00:47:35.875 --> 00:47:38.960 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Just throwing an idea out there. 00:47:38.960 --> 00:47:42.154 align:middle line:90% The role of the-- 00:47:42.154 --> 00:47:46.122 align:middle line:90% 00:47:46.122 --> 00:47:49.821 align:middle line:84% one of the people who really founded the board game 00:47:49.821 --> 00:47:50.320 align:middle line:90% industry. 00:47:50.320 --> 00:47:53.740 align:middle line:90% 00:47:53.740 --> 00:47:56.216 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Do you mean the Parker brothers? 00:47:56.216 --> 00:47:59.090 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So from the perspective of a game 00:47:59.090 --> 00:48:01.710 align:middle line:84% designer or someone who is really 00:48:01.710 --> 00:48:05.530 align:middle line:84% trying to make this business a business. 00:48:05.530 --> 00:48:07.140 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Or you could be something 00:48:07.140 --> 00:48:08.752 align:middle line:84% like a Hasbro, that's just trying beat 00:48:08.752 --> 00:48:09.960 align:middle line:90% other people to the business. 00:48:09.960 --> 00:48:13.900 align:middle line:84% Or you can be something like the independent Richie Branson, 00:48:13.900 --> 00:48:16.646 align:middle line:90% trying to [INAUDIBLE]. 00:48:16.646 --> 00:48:19.677 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I figure that will be closer to people's hearts, too. 00:48:19.677 --> 00:48:21.510 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: You have to do a little research, 00:48:21.510 --> 00:48:24.410 align:middle line:84% because we obviously haven't covered a lot of them. 00:48:24.410 --> 00:48:27.070 align:middle line:84% But it would be interesting research. 00:48:27.070 --> 00:48:32.395 align:middle line:84% That would fit in nicely with the time period that John 00:48:32.395 --> 00:48:35.410 align:middle line:84% was talking about, the 20th century, 00:48:35.410 --> 00:48:38.510 align:middle line:84% the mass productization of America. 00:48:38.510 --> 00:48:42.950 align:middle line:84% But also you probably do need to limit that 00:48:42.950 --> 00:48:45.876 align:middle line:90% to one country's industry. 00:48:45.876 --> 00:48:48.061 align:middle line:90% America is probably easy to do. 00:48:48.061 --> 00:48:51.340 align:middle line:84% It's a bit difficult to look at the whole world. 00:48:51.340 --> 00:48:56.340 align:middle line:90% 00:48:56.340 --> 00:49:00.550 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] The rest of class today, 00:49:00.550 --> 00:49:02.940 align:middle line:84% I know this group wants to get back to the game, 00:49:02.940 --> 00:49:03.990 align:middle line:90% you can do it. 00:49:03.990 --> 00:49:09.022 align:middle line:84% But time for you to talk around with your ideas. 00:49:09.022 --> 00:49:11.490 align:middle line:84% TEACHING ASSISTANT: Feel free to email 00:49:11.490 --> 00:49:15.685 align:middle line:84% your ideas the game design mailing list. 00:49:15.685 --> 00:49:17.810 align:middle line:84% If you need to find other people, we'll do another. 00:49:17.810 --> 00:49:20.351 align:middle line:84% We will do this again at the end of the day Wednesday, right? 00:49:20.351 --> 00:49:21.610 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Wednesday. 00:49:21.610 --> 00:49:23.292 align:middle line:84% TEACHING ASSISTANT: And then, teams 00:49:23.292 --> 00:49:24.750 align:middle line:84% should be formed by Monday, because 00:49:24.750 --> 00:49:29.146 align:middle line:84% on Wednesday the 16th, that's the first presentation 00:49:29.146 --> 00:49:30.270 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah, the pitch. 00:49:30.270 --> 00:49:31.780 align:middle line:90% TEACHING ASSISTANT: The pitch. 00:49:31.780 --> 00:49:33.690 align:middle line:84% So for a reminder about that, we want 00:49:33.690 --> 00:49:36.480 align:middle line:84% to know about what primary and secondary sources you're 00:49:36.480 --> 00:49:39.540 align:middle line:84% using as your inspiration, what kind of game you think you 00:49:39.540 --> 00:49:40.730 align:middle line:90% might be making. 00:49:40.730 --> 00:49:43.220 align:middle line:84% Nothing set in stone, it's much more about, 00:49:43.220 --> 00:49:44.760 align:middle line:84% give us a pitch of why this thing-- 00:49:44.760 --> 00:49:47.280 align:middle line:84% this game idea is interesting, and what 00:49:47.280 --> 00:49:50.250 align:middle line:84% is the source of information you using to make sure 00:49:50.250 --> 00:49:51.976 align:middle line:90% that the game is realistic. 00:49:51.976 --> 00:49:55.510 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: But let me make sure that we get this April. 00:49:55.510 --> 00:49:59.106 align:middle line:84% 14th, no, April 16th is when you do the pitch part. 00:49:59.106 --> 00:50:01.955 align:middle line:90% 00:50:01.955 --> 00:50:03.330 align:middle line:84% On April 14th, you should already 00:50:03.330 --> 00:50:05.389 align:middle line:84% be able to talk a little bit about, 00:50:05.389 --> 00:50:07.180 align:middle line:84% this is the idea that we want to work with. 00:50:07.180 --> 00:50:08.130 align:middle line:84% These are the people in my group, 00:50:08.130 --> 00:50:09.963 align:middle line:84% these are some of the sources of information 00:50:09.963 --> 00:50:13.560 align:middle line:84% that we're looking at, because we'll have guests, 00:50:13.560 --> 00:50:18.080 align:middle line:84% and they will be able to give you some feedback on that. 00:50:18.080 --> 00:50:22.430 align:middle line:84% Both in the pitch and in the guests we're 00:50:22.430 --> 00:50:27.400 align:middle line:84% not actually so much grading you on the quality of your pitch. 00:50:27.400 --> 00:50:30.330 align:middle line:84% But we are going to provide you feedback 00:50:30.330 --> 00:50:32.580 align:middle line:84% on how you're pitching, so that if you have 00:50:32.580 --> 00:50:37.230 align:middle line:84% to do pitching in real life, in your career after graduation 00:50:37.230 --> 00:50:41.410 align:middle line:84% you can get some feedback on how you present yourself. 00:50:41.410 --> 00:50:51.803 align:middle line:90%