WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.090 align:middle line:90% 00:00:00.090 --> 00:00:02.490 align:middle line:84% The following content is provided under a Creative 00:00:02.490 --> 00:00:04.030 align:middle line:90% Commons license. 00:00:04.030 --> 00:00:06.330 align:middle line:84% Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare 00:00:06.330 --> 00:00:10.690 align:middle line:84% continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. 00:00:10.690 --> 00:00:13.320 align:middle line:84% To make a donation, or view additional materials 00:00:13.320 --> 00:00:17.250 align:middle line:84% from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare 00:00:17.250 --> 00:00:19.335 align:middle line:90% at ocw.mit.edu. 00:00:19.335 --> 00:00:20.710 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: --have your attention. 00:00:20.710 --> 00:00:23.550 align:middle line:84% I'm just going to go into the lecture part. 00:00:23.550 --> 00:00:25.350 align:middle line:84% I was hoping to start with the pitches, 00:00:25.350 --> 00:00:27.320 align:middle line:84% but since so many people are missing, 00:00:27.320 --> 00:00:29.550 align:middle line:84% we'll wait and do the pitches after the lecture 00:00:29.550 --> 00:00:30.165 align:middle line:90% part of class. 00:00:30.165 --> 00:00:32.689 align:middle line:90% 00:00:32.689 --> 00:00:36.390 align:middle line:84% And then we'll end class with a chance for you 00:00:36.390 --> 00:00:38.430 align:middle line:84% to play games based on the lecture. 00:00:38.430 --> 00:00:43.410 align:middle line:84% So it's gonna be kind of a weird lecture, talk about your game, 00:00:43.410 --> 00:00:45.930 align:middle line:84% play games with it, or lecture, and then time 00:00:45.930 --> 00:00:48.320 align:middle line:84% for you to talk in your teams about your game again 00:00:48.320 --> 00:00:50.830 align:middle line:84% and to continue working on your projects. 00:00:50.830 --> 00:00:53.700 align:middle line:84% We'll bring in the prototype kits for that last bit, 00:00:53.700 --> 00:00:55.350 align:middle line:90% so you can start building stuff. 00:00:55.350 --> 00:00:58.600 align:middle line:90% 00:00:58.600 --> 00:01:00.656 align:middle line:84% So today's reading was [INAUDIBLE]-- 00:01:00.656 --> 00:01:02.612 align:middle line:90% where's my copy of [INAUDIBLE]? 00:01:02.612 --> 00:01:08.740 align:middle line:90% 00:01:08.740 --> 00:01:09.600 align:middle line:90% Hey folks. 00:01:09.600 --> 00:01:13.780 align:middle line:84% So today's reading was I think chapter 11 and 12, was 00:01:13.780 --> 00:01:16.070 align:middle line:90% that right? 00:01:16.070 --> 00:01:27.350 align:middle line:84% Space control and [INAUDIBLE] And the reason why 00:01:27.350 --> 00:01:28.995 align:middle line:84% I wanted you to take a look at these, 00:01:28.995 --> 00:01:32.989 align:middle line:84% is because it's got two sort of historical investigations-- 00:01:32.989 --> 00:01:35.405 align:middle line:84% well, it's got a whole bunch of historical investigations, 00:01:35.405 --> 00:01:36.530 align:middle line:90% a bunch of different games. 00:01:36.530 --> 00:01:39.780 align:middle line:84% But it kind of goes in depth into two particular games, 00:01:39.780 --> 00:01:41.250 align:middle line:90% one in each chapter. 00:01:41.250 --> 00:01:46.015 align:middle line:84% So people, remember which game is covered in the reading? 00:01:46.015 --> 00:01:47.350 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: No. 00:01:47.350 --> 00:01:48.800 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: No. 00:01:48.800 --> 00:01:52.060 align:middle line:84% Really close to that, but you're one letter off. 00:01:52.060 --> 00:01:52.986 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Go? 00:01:52.986 --> 00:01:53.912 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yes, Go. 00:01:53.912 --> 00:01:57.160 align:middle line:90% 00:01:57.160 --> 00:01:58.130 align:middle line:90% And the other one was-- 00:01:58.130 --> 00:02:00.170 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: A chase game-- 00:02:00.170 --> 00:02:01.740 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Chase game called-- 00:02:01.740 --> 00:02:03.284 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:02:03.284 --> 00:02:03.950 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Tafl. 00:02:03.950 --> 00:02:08.370 align:middle line:90% 00:02:08.370 --> 00:02:10.352 align:middle line:84% The second chapter that I had you read today 00:02:10.352 --> 00:02:12.560 align:middle line:84% starts with like fox and geese and a bunch of things, 00:02:12.560 --> 00:02:15.730 align:middle line:84% but it really goes in depth into tafl. 00:02:15.730 --> 00:02:21.330 align:middle line:84% And this is probably the most in-depth sort 00:02:21.330 --> 00:02:24.090 align:middle line:84% of historical research that you find in this entire book. 00:02:24.090 --> 00:02:27.390 align:middle line:84% Most of this book is like the stuff in between Go and tafl. 00:02:27.390 --> 00:02:32.450 align:middle line:84% Where it's like, four paragraphs at most on any particular game, 00:02:32.450 --> 00:02:36.130 align:middle line:84% and it's just talking about variants, right? 00:02:36.130 --> 00:02:38.737 align:middle line:84% He talks about reversi, which is, what, 200 years old? 00:02:38.737 --> 00:02:39.570 align:middle line:90% Something like that. 00:02:39.570 --> 00:02:41.760 align:middle line:84% I can't remember the exact number, 00:02:41.760 --> 00:02:46.280 align:middle line:84% but he only gives like maybe two or three paragraphs 00:02:46.280 --> 00:02:47.137 align:middle line:90% on this history. 00:02:47.137 --> 00:02:49.470 align:middle line:84% Everything else, is just this is how the game is played. 00:02:49.470 --> 00:02:50.990 align:middle line:90% These are the mechanics. 00:02:50.990 --> 00:02:54.340 align:middle line:84% And so that if you wanted to figure out how this game-- 00:02:54.340 --> 00:02:56.340 align:middle line:84% all the things that could come up from the game, 00:02:56.340 --> 00:02:58.710 align:middle line:84% you could recreate it, just based on the illustrations 00:02:58.710 --> 00:02:59.700 align:middle line:90% and the mechanics. 00:02:59.700 --> 00:03:01.950 align:middle line:84% But when it comes to Go, and when it comes to tafl, 00:03:01.950 --> 00:03:05.820 align:middle line:84% it's a little bit more about the culture surrounding 00:03:05.820 --> 00:03:06.870 align:middle line:90% these particular games. 00:03:06.870 --> 00:03:10.140 align:middle line:84% And that's a very different take, and an interesting take. 00:03:10.140 --> 00:03:13.070 align:middle line:84% So if you are interested in doing sort of academic research 00:03:13.070 --> 00:03:16.200 align:middle line:90% in games, that's one way. 00:03:16.200 --> 00:03:21.660 align:middle line:84% Kind of like game archeology, game historian work. 00:03:21.660 --> 00:03:24.960 align:middle line:84% One of our grad students, who's now 00:03:24.960 --> 00:03:26.570 align:middle line:84% doing his PhD, Jason [? Bakey, ?] 00:03:26.570 --> 00:03:28.920 align:middle line:84% he's kind of doing that for train games, 00:03:28.920 --> 00:03:30.540 align:middle line:90% and evolutional train games. 00:03:30.540 --> 00:03:33.300 align:middle line:84% Even though, obviously those couldn't have been 00:03:33.300 --> 00:03:36.000 align:middle line:90% invented before trains existed. 00:03:36.000 --> 00:03:38.500 align:middle line:84% So they're not that old, but there are tons of them. 00:03:38.500 --> 00:03:41.520 align:middle line:84% And he's again, tracking is the evolution, 00:03:41.520 --> 00:03:45.560 align:middle line:84% but also of the culture, the people who play these games. 00:03:45.560 --> 00:03:50.990 align:middle line:84% So let's see, how many of you play Go? 00:03:50.990 --> 00:03:53.840 align:middle line:90% OK, about five people. 00:03:53.840 --> 00:03:55.830 align:middle line:84% How many of you have played a version of tafl, 00:03:55.830 --> 00:03:58.850 align:middle line:84% enough to hitch [INAUDIBLE] tafl. 00:03:58.850 --> 00:04:02.117 align:middle line:84% I have no idea how to [INAUDIBLE]. 00:04:02.117 --> 00:04:02.825 align:middle line:90% You've played it? 00:04:02.825 --> 00:04:03.450 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Yeah. 00:04:03.450 --> 00:04:05.757 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: On paper, on iPad? 00:04:05.757 --> 00:04:06.590 align:middle line:90% [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:04:06.590 --> 00:04:10.530 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] I have a board, [INAUDIBLE]. 00:04:10.530 --> 00:04:11.440 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Oh, cool. 00:04:11.440 --> 00:04:13.020 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:04:13.020 --> 00:04:16.019 align:middle line:84% You can actually find craftsmen making 00:04:16.019 --> 00:04:18.240 align:middle line:90% these things, tafl boards. 00:04:18.240 --> 00:04:24.420 align:middle line:84% Even though the rules, as if you read the book, 00:04:24.420 --> 00:04:28.610 align:middle line:84% the rules aren't really well-understood. 00:04:28.610 --> 00:04:32.430 align:middle line:84% There's no canonical explanation of here are the pieces, 00:04:32.430 --> 00:04:34.869 align:middle line:84% and here are the rules, here's what you do with them. 00:04:34.869 --> 00:04:36.660 align:middle line:84% Because if you find a little bit about one, 00:04:36.660 --> 00:04:38.284 align:middle line:84% you find a little bit about the others. 00:04:38.284 --> 00:04:43.080 align:middle line:84% So there are some archaeological evidence for here 00:04:43.080 --> 00:04:46.920 align:middle line:84% are the different pieces for a full set of tafl, 00:04:46.920 --> 00:04:48.910 align:middle line:84% and they don't tell you what to do with it. 00:04:48.910 --> 00:04:49.970 align:middle line:84% And then there's another set that's 00:04:49.970 --> 00:04:51.969 align:middle line:84% just like, just what you do with all the pieces, 00:04:51.969 --> 00:04:55.730 align:middle line:84% but it seems to be describing a different set of pieces. 00:04:55.730 --> 00:05:00.660 align:middle line:84% Or a different number of pieces, and you're not quite sure. 00:05:00.660 --> 00:05:06.990 align:middle line:84% But you get a lot of stuff like poetic records 00:05:06.990 --> 00:05:09.660 align:middle line:84% of the significance of the pieces. 00:05:09.660 --> 00:05:13.050 align:middle line:84% That gives you a clue about what people thought of these pieces, 00:05:13.050 --> 00:05:15.050 align:middle line:84% and gives a clue of what these pieces can do. 00:05:15.050 --> 00:05:18.850 align:middle line:84% And again, there are some descriptions 00:05:18.850 --> 00:05:21.570 align:middle line:84% of particular plays of this game, which 00:05:21.570 --> 00:05:24.660 align:middle line:84% gives you an idea of how these pieces can be made. 00:05:24.660 --> 00:05:29.842 align:middle line:84% But viewed within sort of larger context of his asymmetric board 00:05:29.842 --> 00:05:36.870 align:middle line:84% game, that is largely involving one group 00:05:36.870 --> 00:05:41.240 align:middle line:84% of pieces trying to capture either 00:05:41.240 --> 00:05:46.500 align:middle line:84% all or a particular group of the other players. 00:05:46.500 --> 00:05:49.440 align:middle line:84% That's basically the whole genre of the chase game, 00:05:49.440 --> 00:05:52.150 align:middle line:90% of the fox and geese type game. 00:05:52.150 --> 00:05:54.925 align:middle line:84% And viewed from that context of here 00:05:54.925 --> 00:05:57.300 align:middle line:84% are all these other games that have survived a little bit 00:05:57.300 --> 00:06:00.060 align:middle line:84% better Like the English fox and geese, 00:06:00.060 --> 00:06:02.420 align:middle line:90% this is what we can intuit. 00:06:02.420 --> 00:06:06.551 align:middle line:84% It is kind of a siege game, where both sides have soldiers, 00:06:06.551 --> 00:06:08.800 align:middle line:84% but one of them is explicitly trying to kill the king. 00:06:08.800 --> 00:06:10.850 align:middle line:84% But one side doesn't have a king, 00:06:10.850 --> 00:06:12.190 align:middle line:90% and is trying to kill the king. 00:06:12.190 --> 00:06:14.627 align:middle line:84% And the other side has a king, and a bunch of bodyguards, 00:06:14.627 --> 00:06:16.210 align:middle line:84% and they're trying to defend the king. 00:06:16.210 --> 00:06:19.980 align:middle line:84% The whole idea is sometimes it's to get the king to an escape 00:06:19.980 --> 00:06:23.572 align:middle line:84% route, sometimes it's just survive 00:06:23.572 --> 00:06:26.370 align:middle line:84% a certain number of moves, or to get to a particular point 00:06:26.370 --> 00:06:28.980 align:middle line:90% on the board. 00:06:28.980 --> 00:06:32.880 align:middle line:84% And one thing that I would like you 00:06:32.880 --> 00:06:35.760 align:middle line:84% to think about, if you haven't read it, do 00:06:35.760 --> 00:06:37.830 align:middle line:84% read through these two chapters just 00:06:37.830 --> 00:06:41.714 align:middle line:84% to get a slightly better idea of what you can do with space. 00:06:41.714 --> 00:06:43.380 align:middle line:84% It's one thing that we've been noticing, 00:06:43.380 --> 00:06:46.990 align:middle line:84% that in some of the games that have been prototyped 00:06:46.990 --> 00:06:55.910 align:middle line:84% in this class, space isn't always used very creatively. 00:06:55.910 --> 00:06:58.950 align:middle line:84% We see games that are being played out on grids, 00:06:58.950 --> 00:07:04.530 align:middle line:84% we've been seeing games where you can move freely 00:07:04.530 --> 00:07:06.330 align:middle line:90% throughout the whole grid. 00:07:06.330 --> 00:07:10.680 align:middle line:84% But then, what does each individual square actually 00:07:10.680 --> 00:07:15.350 align:middle line:84% mean in relation to other pieces on the same board? 00:07:15.350 --> 00:07:18.570 align:middle line:84% It's something that these games actually do really well, 00:07:18.570 --> 00:07:22.480 align:middle line:84% both the games of territorial capture, which 00:07:22.480 --> 00:07:25.320 align:middle line:90% the goal was all about. 00:07:25.320 --> 00:07:29.640 align:middle line:84% And the chase games, which are these asymmetric games where 00:07:29.640 --> 00:07:31.750 align:middle line:84% you try to surround your opponent. 00:07:31.750 --> 00:07:34.330 align:middle line:90% 00:07:34.330 --> 00:07:37.440 align:middle line:84% Go and tafl are not the only two games that describe in here. 00:07:37.440 --> 00:07:39.750 align:middle line:84% There's a huge amount of variation and thought 00:07:39.750 --> 00:07:42.360 align:middle line:84% about what you can particularly do 00:07:42.360 --> 00:07:47.550 align:middle line:84% when it comes to manipulating space, being surrounded. 00:07:47.550 --> 00:07:50.880 align:middle line:84% What does it mean to have two of your opposing 00:07:50.880 --> 00:07:54.810 align:middle line:84% pieces on either side of you, or at the l-shape of you. 00:07:54.810 --> 00:07:58.050 align:middle line:84% What does it mean to be on a square grid? 00:07:58.050 --> 00:08:01.440 align:middle line:84% Especially in a game like in Go, it's 00:08:01.440 --> 00:08:04.980 align:middle line:90% a game that's played on squares. 00:08:04.980 --> 00:08:08.160 align:middle line:84% On the corners of all squares, in particular. 00:08:08.160 --> 00:08:10.689 align:middle line:84% And it's very, very important that what's to the top, 00:08:10.689 --> 00:08:11.730 align:middle line:90% and what's to the bottom. 00:08:11.730 --> 00:08:13.860 align:middle line:84% And what's towards the left, and to the right of every piece 00:08:13.860 --> 00:08:15.026 align:middle line:90% is really, really important. 00:08:15.026 --> 00:08:18.870 align:middle line:84% But what's to the diagonals isn't really so important, 00:08:18.870 --> 00:08:21.820 align:middle line:84% until you consider meta strategy. 00:08:21.820 --> 00:08:24.870 align:middle line:84% What's the effect of a clump of pieces, 00:08:24.870 --> 00:08:27.750 align:middle line:90% rather than a single piece. 00:08:27.750 --> 00:08:30.370 align:middle line:84% The other thing about the section on Go, 00:08:30.370 --> 00:08:33.750 align:middle line:84% in particular, is that you get this huge amount of vocabulary. 00:08:33.750 --> 00:08:42.080 align:middle line:84% Words like liberties, the way how scores are being added up. 00:08:42.080 --> 00:08:43.600 align:middle line:90% Words from different languages. 00:08:43.600 --> 00:08:47.680 align:middle line:84% Korean, and Chinese, and Japanese. 00:08:47.680 --> 00:08:50.240 align:middle line:84% But most of the research in this particular book 00:08:50.240 --> 00:08:52.560 align:middle line:84% refer specifically to the Japanese tradition. 00:08:52.560 --> 00:08:56.200 align:middle line:84% So most of the terms are used in Japanese. 00:08:56.200 --> 00:08:59.490 align:middle line:90% How many of you heard of Atari? 00:08:59.490 --> 00:09:00.263 align:middle line:90% Come on. 00:09:00.263 --> 00:09:03.120 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: You said Atari? 00:09:03.120 --> 00:09:04.410 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK, all right. 00:09:04.410 --> 00:09:07.830 align:middle line:84% That's actually supposed to be a derivation of atari, 00:09:07.830 --> 00:09:11.910 align:middle line:90% which is a Go term. 00:09:11.910 --> 00:09:14.810 align:middle line:84% Don't ask me what it means, I don't actually play Go. 00:09:14.810 --> 00:09:17.820 align:middle line:84% But these words have kind of worked its way 00:09:17.820 --> 00:09:24.480 align:middle line:84% into even cultures that don't play Go that much, like in much 00:09:24.480 --> 00:09:27.320 align:middle line:90% of the Western world. 00:09:27.320 --> 00:09:31.100 align:middle line:84% In the same way [INAUDIBLE] has made its way 00:09:31.100 --> 00:09:34.260 align:middle line:84% into talking about games of chance, 00:09:34.260 --> 00:09:37.820 align:middle line:84% because that means dice in Latin. 00:09:37.820 --> 00:09:42.030 align:middle line:90% Die, specifically, in Latin. 00:09:42.030 --> 00:09:44.760 align:middle line:84% It's in the same way that sometimes we 00:09:44.760 --> 00:09:47.280 align:middle line:84% talk about being checkmated, even 00:09:47.280 --> 00:09:51.180 align:middle line:84% when you're not playing a chess game. 00:09:51.180 --> 00:09:54.260 align:middle line:84% I'm trying to think of other chess terminology that 00:09:54.260 --> 00:09:57.895 align:middle line:84% tends to make its way into common English parlance. 00:09:57.895 --> 00:10:01.130 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:10:01.130 --> 00:10:02.046 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: [INAUDIBLE] 00:10:02.046 --> 00:10:03.444 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Yeah, [INAUDIBLE]. 00:10:03.444 --> 00:10:06.674 align:middle line:90% 00:10:06.674 --> 00:10:08.007 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: The least worst move. 00:10:08.007 --> 00:10:12.870 align:middle line:90% 00:10:12.870 --> 00:10:15.410 align:middle line:90% That's a new tone. 00:10:15.410 --> 00:10:17.870 align:middle line:84% I don't know if they're specifically from chess. 00:10:17.870 --> 00:10:20.132 align:middle line:84% I'm thinking more about like in-- 00:10:20.132 --> 00:10:22.824 align:middle line:90% 00:10:22.824 --> 00:10:25.240 align:middle line:84% It's a concept that applies to chess in particular, a lot. 00:10:25.240 --> 00:10:25.739 align:middle line:90% But not-- 00:10:25.739 --> 00:10:27.497 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] it's probably 00:10:27.497 --> 00:10:31.490 align:middle line:84% a term that derives elsewhere that's [INAUDIBLE] in chess. 00:10:31.490 --> 00:10:33.190 align:middle line:84% But do you think about tempo in games? 00:10:33.190 --> 00:10:35.307 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Well, I think about tempo in games. 00:10:35.307 --> 00:10:36.890 align:middle line:84% I don't really think about it in chess 00:10:36.890 --> 00:10:39.250 align:middle line:84% so much, because I don't play chess. 00:10:39.250 --> 00:10:43.280 align:middle line:84% But I've heard chess commentators 00:10:43.280 --> 00:10:44.927 align:middle line:90% talk about that a lot. 00:10:44.927 --> 00:10:47.385 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: This isn't really specifically chess necessarily, 00:10:47.385 --> 00:10:51.680 align:middle line:84% but a lot of [INAUDIBLE] can say your move, after you're 00:10:51.680 --> 00:10:52.970 align:middle line:90% doing something, anything. 00:10:52.970 --> 00:10:53.595 align:middle line:90% Usually moving. 00:10:53.595 --> 00:10:56.090 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 00:10:56.090 --> 00:10:59.030 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: There's still a general cheating the world 00:10:59.030 --> 00:10:59.585 align:middle line:90% as a game. 00:10:59.585 --> 00:11:04.720 align:middle line:84% Very Sherlock Holmes-y kind of, I have such a high intellect 00:11:04.720 --> 00:11:07.560 align:middle line:84% that the world is a game to me, and this crime is a game to me. 00:11:07.560 --> 00:11:08.500 align:middle line:90% Something like that. 00:11:08.500 --> 00:11:11.285 align:middle line:90% 00:11:11.285 --> 00:11:13.410 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] I'm just thinking [INAUDIBLE] 00:11:13.410 --> 00:11:16.010 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I'm just trying to think of all the chess-- 00:11:16.010 --> 00:11:21.190 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] material. 00:11:21.190 --> 00:11:32.695 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] the word material, as a concept of [INAUDIBLE]. 00:11:32.695 --> 00:11:34.195 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] position where 00:11:34.195 --> 00:11:38.685 align:middle line:84% you're kind of engaging, but you probably [INAUDIBLE] 00:11:38.685 --> 00:11:40.060 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Yeah, I think that was 00:11:40.060 --> 00:11:41.810 align:middle line:84% a terminology that came from outside chess 00:11:41.810 --> 00:11:45.140 align:middle line:90% and that applied into chess. 00:11:45.140 --> 00:11:48.140 align:middle line:84% But I've definitely heard checkmate being used 00:11:48.140 --> 00:11:49.442 align:middle line:90% outside of chess specifically. 00:11:49.442 --> 00:11:50.900 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Oh, what about stalemate? 00:11:50.900 --> 00:11:52.250 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Oh yeah, stalemate. 00:11:52.250 --> 00:11:54.560 align:middle line:84% Stalemate is a situation I generally 00:11:54.560 --> 00:11:58.790 align:middle line:84% do associate with chess more than any other game. 00:11:58.790 --> 00:12:01.125 align:middle line:84% But a stalemate that happens in a business situation, 00:12:01.125 --> 00:12:06.320 align:middle line:84% or in a negotiation, both of us have no way 00:12:06.320 --> 00:12:09.410 align:middle line:84% to be able to gain an advantage upon each other. 00:12:09.410 --> 00:12:12.950 align:middle line:84% So that's a good way that terminology from something 00:12:12.950 --> 00:12:17.030 align:middle line:84% that's been as old as chess, has been as old as Go, 00:12:17.030 --> 00:12:20.440 align:middle line:84% we haven't preserved much from tafl unfortunately. 00:12:20.440 --> 00:12:24.440 align:middle line:84% But it can work its way into sort of common parlance, 00:12:24.440 --> 00:12:26.850 align:middle line:84% and that's something that he does in the analysis of Go 00:12:26.850 --> 00:12:29.630 align:middle line:84% that I don't see in any other analysis inside this one 00:12:29.630 --> 00:12:30.350 align:middle line:90% particular book. 00:12:30.350 --> 00:12:33.814 align:middle line:84% But you do find it in other people's writing. 00:12:33.814 --> 00:12:36.540 align:middle line:90% 00:12:36.540 --> 00:12:41.870 align:middle line:84% There's also a lot of talk about who play Go. 00:12:41.870 --> 00:12:44.780 align:middle line:84% Right now, what is the difference 00:12:44.780 --> 00:12:48.940 align:middle line:84% between the Japanese culture of masters. 00:12:48.940 --> 00:12:54.410 align:middle line:84% Are like few, almost more scholarly than scholars, 00:12:54.410 --> 00:12:59.300 align:middle line:84% kind of rarefied elite, who are assumed to be the absolute best 00:12:59.300 --> 00:13:01.460 align:middle line:90% players of all, of Go. 00:13:01.460 --> 00:13:02.690 align:middle line:90% At least in Japan. 00:13:02.690 --> 00:13:05.150 align:middle line:84% Although, that [INAUDIBLE] the best player of Go in Japan, 00:13:05.150 --> 00:13:07.150 align:middle line:84% you're kind of the best player of Go in general. 00:13:07.150 --> 00:13:11.090 align:middle line:84% But then, in Korea, you have exactly a 100 person 00:13:11.090 --> 00:13:12.252 align:middle line:90% professional association. 00:13:12.252 --> 00:13:14.210 align:middle line:84% Professional, as in you are going to make money 00:13:14.210 --> 00:13:15.960 align:middle line:90% playing this thing. 00:13:15.960 --> 00:13:18.140 align:middle line:84% There's like a broadcast culture around it, 00:13:18.140 --> 00:13:21.220 align:middle line:84% kind of like e-sports before the e. 00:13:21.220 --> 00:13:23.070 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] game on TV, right? 00:13:23.070 --> 00:13:28.850 align:middle line:84% And there's a lot of hype, there's money involved in it. 00:13:28.850 --> 00:13:33.020 align:middle line:84% And becomes this rarefied, grand master class 00:13:33.020 --> 00:13:34.700 align:middle line:90% that you're trying to get into. 00:13:34.700 --> 00:13:36.200 align:middle line:84% Because once you're into that class, 00:13:36.200 --> 00:13:40.526 align:middle line:84% then you get to make the big bucks, a TV personality. 00:13:40.526 --> 00:13:43.430 align:middle line:90% 00:13:43.430 --> 00:13:46.460 align:middle line:84% In Chinese culture, it's a little bit more 00:13:46.460 --> 00:13:49.790 align:middle line:90% of a very historic thing. 00:13:49.790 --> 00:13:51.650 align:middle line:84% It's this thing that you could play, 00:13:51.650 --> 00:13:54.050 align:middle line:84% but you're playing it for historical reasons. 00:13:54.050 --> 00:13:59.090 align:middle line:84% It's not a concept at quite as contemporary a game as mahjong, 00:13:59.090 --> 00:13:59.930 align:middle line:90% for instance. 00:13:59.930 --> 00:14:02.170 align:middle line:84% Which is very much a social game, 00:14:02.170 --> 00:14:03.920 align:middle line:84% this is a game that you play with friends. 00:14:03.920 --> 00:14:05.461 align:middle line:84% It's like a game of poker when you're 00:14:05.461 --> 00:14:07.900 align:middle line:90% playing a game of mahjong. 00:14:07.900 --> 00:14:11.120 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] doesn't have that kind of cultural resonance. 00:14:11.120 --> 00:14:13.330 align:middle line:84% Even though, it's the same physical-- more or less, 00:14:13.330 --> 00:14:14.570 align:middle line:90% the same physical game as Go. 00:14:14.570 --> 00:14:16.670 align:middle line:84% I think there's some minor scoring changes, 00:14:16.670 --> 00:14:19.820 align:middle line:84% but otherwise the play of the game is the same. 00:14:19.820 --> 00:14:25.700 align:middle line:84% So the evolution of how this game started off 00:14:25.700 --> 00:14:29.730 align:middle line:90% as almost a spiritual activity. 00:14:29.730 --> 00:14:33.700 align:middle line:84% It was something that was promoted by monks, as something 00:14:33.700 --> 00:14:35.810 align:middle line:90% that helped meditation. 00:14:35.810 --> 00:14:39.390 align:middle line:84% And then moved its way from that into royal courts, 00:14:39.390 --> 00:14:41.390 align:middle line:84% and then eventually, the rest of the population. 00:14:41.390 --> 00:14:45.690 align:middle line:84% For people who aspire to those kinds of high, lofty, social 00:14:45.690 --> 00:14:46.190 align:middle line:90% positions. 00:14:46.190 --> 00:14:47.750 align:middle line:84% It was seen to be a sort of activity 00:14:47.750 --> 00:14:49.294 align:middle line:84% that really smart people will do. 00:14:49.294 --> 00:14:51.710 align:middle line:84% And then, if you can demonstrate that you're really smart, 00:14:51.710 --> 00:14:54.810 align:middle line:84% then you can get jobs for really smart people. 00:14:54.810 --> 00:14:58.870 align:middle line:84% Which apparently pay pretty well in Asia. 00:14:58.870 --> 00:15:05.732 align:middle line:90% 00:15:05.732 --> 00:15:07.440 align:middle line:84% Then if you've got the actual description 00:15:07.440 --> 00:15:09.370 align:middle line:90% of how the game is played. 00:15:09.370 --> 00:15:11.880 align:middle line:84% But even in this particular write up, 00:15:11.880 --> 00:15:16.140 align:middle line:84% the way how they describe the play of the game 00:15:16.140 --> 00:15:18.340 align:middle line:84% goes beyond the mechanics very, very quickly. 00:15:18.340 --> 00:15:22.140 align:middle line:84% Because the nice thing about Go, is that the actual rules of Go 00:15:22.140 --> 00:15:24.330 align:middle line:90% are pretty darn simple. 00:15:24.330 --> 00:15:29.100 align:middle line:84% The idea of Go is pretty darn simple. 00:15:29.100 --> 00:15:31.060 align:middle line:84% There are black and white stones, 00:15:31.060 --> 00:15:33.900 align:middle line:84% each player plays all black or all white stones. 00:15:33.900 --> 00:15:36.972 align:middle line:90% 00:15:36.972 --> 00:15:38.130 align:middle line:90% You play on the grid. 00:15:38.130 --> 00:15:44.050 align:middle line:90% 00:15:44.050 --> 00:15:48.180 align:middle line:84% I'm not going to draw the exact number of lines, but-- 00:15:48.180 --> 00:15:49.180 align:middle line:90% it's that sort of thing. 00:15:49.180 --> 00:15:52.470 align:middle line:90% You play on the intersections. 00:15:52.470 --> 00:15:56.530 align:middle line:84% And if you've got a situation like this, where you've 00:15:56.530 --> 00:15:58.300 align:middle line:84% got one colored completely surrounded 00:15:58.300 --> 00:16:04.280 align:middle line:84% by the other color on all four sides, 00:16:04.280 --> 00:16:05.710 align:middle line:90% this piece is eliminated. 00:16:05.710 --> 00:16:08.620 align:middle line:84% It's captured, it's taken off the board. 00:16:08.620 --> 00:16:13.530 align:middle line:84% And you can't repeat the same board [INAUDIBLE] immediately. 00:16:13.530 --> 00:16:16.920 align:middle line:84% Like if I have a weird situation where 00:16:16.920 --> 00:16:19.920 align:middle line:84% I've got a black piece here, I've got a black piece here, 00:16:19.920 --> 00:16:21.622 align:middle line:90% I've got a black piece here. 00:16:21.622 --> 00:16:25.060 align:middle line:90% 00:16:25.060 --> 00:16:26.590 align:middle line:90% I think that's right. 00:16:26.590 --> 00:16:29.080 align:middle line:84% And then I immediately place a black piece here, 00:16:29.080 --> 00:16:31.680 align:middle line:90% so I captured this piece. 00:16:31.680 --> 00:16:34.602 align:middle line:84% Your opponent can't then put a white piece here, 00:16:34.602 --> 00:16:35.560 align:middle line:90% and capture that piece. 00:16:35.560 --> 00:16:38.320 align:middle line:84% Because that returns the board back to the state 00:16:38.320 --> 00:16:42.350 align:middle line:84% that it was just a couple of seconds ago. 00:16:42.350 --> 00:16:44.529 align:middle line:90% That's basically the rules. 00:16:44.529 --> 00:16:47.070 align:middle line:84% There's a whole chunk of rules on how you figure out who won, 00:16:47.070 --> 00:16:48.920 align:middle line:90% by basically scoring things. 00:16:48.920 --> 00:16:52.420 align:middle line:84% And I've seen students show me many different ways of scoring 00:16:52.420 --> 00:16:55.360 align:middle line:84% that, some of them pretty elegant, some of them 00:16:55.360 --> 00:16:59.290 align:middle line:84% pretty clumsy, but they all add up to the same numbers. 00:16:59.290 --> 00:17:03.040 align:middle line:84% So it's basically a lot of different algorithms 00:17:03.040 --> 00:17:06.970 align:middle line:84% to get the same result. But in the end, 00:17:06.970 --> 00:17:10.450 align:middle line:84% the basic idea is just surround your opponent. 00:17:10.450 --> 00:17:15.210 align:middle line:84% But once you get from that into all of the higher level 00:17:15.210 --> 00:17:16.300 align:middle line:90% strategies of the-- 00:17:16.300 --> 00:17:20.920 align:middle line:84% OK, out of this game mechanic, what are all of the things 00:17:20.920 --> 00:17:24.345 align:middle line:84% that you have to do to be able to play out this game 00:17:24.345 --> 00:17:25.579 align:middle line:90% to your own advantage. 00:17:25.579 --> 00:17:27.040 align:middle line:84% You start going into things like, 00:17:27.040 --> 00:17:29.950 align:middle line:84% how important is it to be able to capture 00:17:29.950 --> 00:17:32.330 align:middle line:84% the corners of the board, for instance. 00:17:32.330 --> 00:17:33.940 align:middle line:84% What are the typical opening moves 00:17:33.940 --> 00:17:36.580 align:middle line:90% that you see in this game? 00:17:36.580 --> 00:17:39.865 align:middle line:84% Where in his same analysis, in the same chapter of reversi 00:17:39.865 --> 00:17:43.300 align:middle line:84% in Othello, it just largely comes down to, 00:17:43.300 --> 00:17:47.281 align:middle line:84% are you playing your pieces like this. 00:17:47.281 --> 00:17:52.489 align:middle line:84% Or are you playing your pieces like this. 00:17:52.489 --> 00:17:54.030 align:middle line:84% Or do you not have the choice at all, 00:17:54.030 --> 00:17:55.800 align:middle line:84% because you're playing Othello, and that's 00:17:55.800 --> 00:17:57.480 align:middle line:90% what you started with. 00:17:57.480 --> 00:18:00.340 align:middle line:84% That's basically the entire analysis of your opening moves 00:18:00.340 --> 00:18:02.010 align:middle line:90% of Othello that he gives. 00:18:02.010 --> 00:18:04.380 align:middle line:84% But then when you're go into Go, there's 00:18:04.380 --> 00:18:08.610 align:middle line:84% a whole section on why the opening moves have 00:18:08.610 --> 00:18:11.510 align:middle line:90% such a long term impact. 00:18:11.510 --> 00:18:14.500 align:middle line:84% And like chess, there is an opening game, 00:18:14.500 --> 00:18:16.410 align:middle line:84% there's a mid-game, there's an endgame. 00:18:16.410 --> 00:18:19.980 align:middle line:84% The end game is kind of like, no real surprises at that point. 00:18:19.980 --> 00:18:21.490 align:middle line:84% You're just kind of rounding up what 00:18:21.490 --> 00:18:22.740 align:middle line:90% was developed in the mid game. 00:18:22.740 --> 00:18:25.530 align:middle line:84% The mid game is where all the really 00:18:25.530 --> 00:18:28.410 align:middle line:84% sort of strike from behind, caught you 00:18:28.410 --> 00:18:30.500 align:middle line:90% by surprise stuff happens. 00:18:30.500 --> 00:18:32.720 align:middle line:84% And the beginning of the game is just 00:18:32.720 --> 00:18:35.970 align:middle line:84% setting up those situations so that that kind of thing 00:18:35.970 --> 00:18:36.500 align:middle line:90% can happen. 00:18:36.500 --> 00:18:41.130 align:middle line:90% 00:18:41.130 --> 00:18:46.110 align:middle line:84% I think it is nice to be able to try to imagine what a game that 00:18:46.110 --> 00:18:49.960 align:middle line:84% has been around that long, that can develop all that richness. 00:18:49.960 --> 00:18:54.860 align:middle line:84% This cultural richness, its game mechanic and strategy richness. 00:18:54.860 --> 00:18:57.510 align:middle line:84% That sort of linguistic richness-- 00:18:57.510 --> 00:19:00.090 align:middle line:84% how nice it will be to be like the person who 00:19:00.090 --> 00:19:01.410 align:middle line:90% designs the game like that. 00:19:01.410 --> 00:19:05.570 align:middle line:84% Except no one will ever remember you, which is kind of sad. 00:19:05.570 --> 00:19:12.760 align:middle line:84% But also, what would that kind of game have to have? 00:19:12.760 --> 00:19:15.640 align:middle line:84% And I like also indulge in a little brainstorming. 00:19:15.640 --> 00:19:19.890 align:middle line:84% It's like, if you wanted to-- if it's explicitly your goal 00:19:19.890 --> 00:19:22.830 align:middle line:84% to work with a team, to try to develop a game that people 00:19:22.830 --> 00:19:27.090 align:middle line:84% will be playing 1,000 years from now. 00:19:27.090 --> 00:19:28.720 align:middle line:90% What would a game have to have? 00:19:28.720 --> 00:19:30.875 align:middle line:90% What do they need to be? 00:19:30.875 --> 00:19:34.592 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: It really has to be just like chess 00:19:34.592 --> 00:19:37.440 align:middle line:84% or go, in the sense that it has to be simple to learn, 00:19:37.440 --> 00:19:39.401 align:middle line:90% and infinite strategy. 00:19:39.401 --> 00:19:42.263 align:middle line:90% 00:19:42.263 --> 00:19:45.012 align:middle line:84% It has to be entirely unbreakable. 00:19:45.012 --> 00:19:45.970 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Unbreakable? 00:19:45.970 --> 00:19:47.533 align:middle line:90% As in-- 00:19:47.533 --> 00:19:51.780 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: As in no computer could ever solve Go. 00:19:51.780 --> 00:19:53.275 align:middle line:84% In the history of humanity, it'll 00:19:53.275 --> 00:19:54.734 align:middle line:90% just probably never happen. 00:19:54.734 --> 00:19:58.350 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Well, no computer's solved it, yet. 00:19:58.350 --> 00:20:00.830 align:middle line:84% I'm not sure if anyone's proven that it can't be solved. 00:20:00.830 --> 00:20:01.510 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: No, [INAUDIBLE] 00:20:01.510 --> 00:20:02.176 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah. 00:20:02.176 --> 00:20:03.350 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Probably can. 00:20:03.350 --> 00:20:06.900 align:middle line:90% The numbers are astronomical. 00:20:06.900 --> 00:20:08.880 align:middle line:84% The chess numbers are astronomical. 00:20:08.880 --> 00:20:09.830 align:middle line:90% [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:20:09.830 --> 00:20:12.570 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: The test numbers are huge. 00:20:12.570 --> 00:20:16.070 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] no way to simplify the problem. 00:20:16.070 --> 00:20:19.916 align:middle line:84% If you're saying [INAUDIBLE] can't be solved, [INAUDIBLE]. 00:20:19.916 --> 00:20:27.190 align:middle line:90% 00:20:27.190 --> 00:20:30.585 align:middle line:84% Rubik's cube can be solved [INAUDIBLE]-- 00:20:30.585 --> 00:20:33.010 align:middle line:84% any Rubik's cube can be solved in 20 or fewer intervals. 00:20:33.010 --> 00:20:40.800 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 00:20:40.800 --> 00:20:46.366 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: They actually sort of just figured out [INAUDIBLE] 00:20:46.366 --> 00:20:47.740 align:middle line:84% and then solved all those pieces. 00:20:47.740 --> 00:20:49.410 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 00:20:49.410 --> 00:20:54.060 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So again, that's hard to reduce into a simple form, 00:20:54.060 --> 00:20:55.590 align:middle line:90% which then can be solved. 00:20:55.590 --> 00:20:57.900 align:middle line:84% It gives you an idea that there's always 00:20:57.900 --> 00:21:01.564 align:middle line:84% going to be at least a minimum a level of complexity. 00:21:01.564 --> 00:21:16.190 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:21:16.190 --> 00:21:17.900 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Yeah, I can imagine that. 00:21:17.900 --> 00:21:19.649 align:middle line:84% But there are sports that have been around 00:21:19.649 --> 00:21:22.610 align:middle line:84% for a real long time, and you know, 00:21:22.610 --> 00:21:26.880 align:middle line:84% I try to think of one that's been around for 1,000 years. 00:21:26.880 --> 00:21:29.600 align:middle line:84% I'm thinking javelin probably has been around at least that 00:21:29.600 --> 00:21:32.015 align:middle line:90% long? 00:21:32.015 --> 00:21:34.860 align:middle line:90% Those are dexterous games. 00:21:34.860 --> 00:21:36.740 align:middle line:84% But [INAUDIBLE] make a board game, 00:21:36.740 --> 00:21:39.650 align:middle line:84% you're gonna make a board game to last the length of time, 00:21:39.650 --> 00:21:44.195 align:middle line:84% it can't be something like a flicking game. 00:21:44.195 --> 00:21:46.820 align:middle line:84% I've played flicking games that have been around, but maybe not 00:21:46.820 --> 00:21:48.068 align:middle line:90% 1,000 years. 00:21:48.068 --> 00:21:49.750 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:21:49.750 --> 00:21:51.890 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: How long has chess been around? 00:21:51.890 --> 00:21:54.350 align:middle line:84% Someone with Wikipedia should answer that question. 00:21:54.350 --> 00:21:58.510 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:21:58.510 --> 00:22:02.380 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: It has gone through several different versions. 00:22:02.380 --> 00:22:04.970 align:middle line:84% Like there's a time where the queen was a vizier. 00:22:04.970 --> 00:22:07.520 align:middle line:90% 00:22:07.520 --> 00:22:09.740 align:middle line:84% We're talking about versions of the game that 00:22:09.740 --> 00:22:12.650 align:middle line:84% existed in India, and in the Middle East. 00:22:12.650 --> 00:22:13.650 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Sixth century. 00:22:13.650 --> 00:22:14.941 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Sixth century, yeah. 00:22:14.941 --> 00:22:17.870 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:22:17.870 --> 00:22:21.860 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I think the most recent version-- 00:22:21.860 --> 00:22:23.720 align:middle line:84% the most recent change I think, would 00:22:23.720 --> 00:22:26.200 align:middle line:90% be the power of the queen. 00:22:26.200 --> 00:22:29.020 align:middle line:90% And that was Queen Isabella? 00:22:29.020 --> 00:22:36.140 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Kind of, it's like mid 1400s, early 1500s in Spain. 00:22:36.140 --> 00:22:45.400 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] but that's about when she gets the-- 00:22:45.400 --> 00:22:47.599 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: The zoom right across the board thing. 00:22:47.599 --> 00:22:53.664 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:22:53.664 --> 00:22:54.330 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah. 00:22:54.330 --> 00:22:57.690 align:middle line:90% And I'm not so sure. 00:22:57.690 --> 00:23:00.700 align:middle line:84% There are a lot of iterations over how 00:23:00.700 --> 00:23:04.710 align:middle line:84% a tournament needs to be played out, the long details. 00:23:04.710 --> 00:23:06.400 align:middle line:90% But then things like-- 00:23:06.400 --> 00:23:08.380 align:middle line:84% basic things, like how does a piece move. 00:23:08.380 --> 00:23:12.240 align:middle line:84% I think the biggest change was probably the queen's. 00:23:12.240 --> 00:23:16.070 align:middle line:84% So I was talking about like 1400s or 1600s, 00:23:16.070 --> 00:23:18.515 align:middle line:90% but then that's a 200 period. 00:23:18.515 --> 00:23:20.890 align:middle line:84% When you have a bunch of really powerful European queens, 00:23:20.890 --> 00:23:21.640 align:middle line:90% right? 00:23:21.640 --> 00:23:23.856 align:middle line:90% That inspires this. 00:23:23.856 --> 00:23:27.939 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: The game has to be very, very, very balanced. 00:23:27.939 --> 00:23:28.980 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Very balanced? 00:23:28.980 --> 00:23:32.260 align:middle line:84% As in, both sides has a good chance of succeeding? 00:23:32.260 --> 00:23:32.898 align:middle line:90% Yeah. 00:23:32.898 --> 00:23:41.720 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] but it's not like-- 00:23:41.720 --> 00:23:43.970 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I don't think [INAUDIBLE] is saying that it 00:23:43.970 --> 00:23:46.510 align:middle line:90% has to be exactly balanced. 00:23:46.510 --> 00:23:48.070 align:middle line:90% Just pretty darn close. 00:23:48.070 --> 00:23:51.052 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:23:51.052 --> 00:23:52.760 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: The 55-45 is not close at all. 00:23:52.760 --> 00:23:53.380 align:middle line:90% I [INAUDIBLE]. 00:23:53.380 --> 00:24:03.510 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:24:03.510 --> 00:24:04.830 align:middle line:90% [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:24:04.830 --> 00:24:07.626 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Play a [INAUDIBLE] 00:24:07.626 --> 00:24:10.564 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So consider the concept of grand master play 00:24:10.564 --> 00:24:12.300 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] in tournaments where they're 00:24:12.300 --> 00:24:16.846 align:middle line:84% playing [INAUDIBLE] they're not going to play 00:24:16.846 --> 00:24:18.010 align:middle line:90% to win every single game. 00:24:18.010 --> 00:24:20.885 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] something along the lines 00:24:20.885 --> 00:24:24.390 align:middle line:84% of like, right now, a vast majority of games are 00:24:24.390 --> 00:24:25.200 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE]. 00:24:25.200 --> 00:24:28.110 align:middle line:90% 00:24:28.110 --> 00:24:30.860 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So think of the people behind chess games, 00:24:30.860 --> 00:24:35.290 align:middle line:84% why would that be [INAUDIBLE] against [INAUDIBLE]. 00:24:35.290 --> 00:24:38.153 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Go being black is supposed 00:24:38.153 --> 00:24:40.210 align:middle line:90% to be a six point advantage. 00:24:40.210 --> 00:24:42.774 align:middle line:90% 00:24:42.774 --> 00:24:45.400 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I wondered, does this game have 00:24:45.400 --> 00:24:46.915 align:middle line:90% to be competitive in nature? 00:24:46.915 --> 00:24:48.880 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Does it has to be competitive? 00:24:48.880 --> 00:24:50.840 align:middle line:84% Can you make a cooperative game that-- 00:24:50.840 --> 00:24:52.206 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Think are competitive. 00:24:52.206 --> 00:24:58.776 align:middle line:84% We still don't know the rules for [INAUDIBLE] Ur 00:24:58.776 --> 00:25:00.370 align:middle line:90% is before senet. 00:25:00.370 --> 00:25:01.870 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: All we have is the board. 00:25:01.870 --> 00:25:04.040 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Senet, I think, was solitaire, 00:25:04.040 --> 00:25:06.029 align:middle line:90% in one version of it. 00:25:06.029 --> 00:25:07.112 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: No rules exist. 00:25:07.112 --> 00:25:14.790 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] I was wondering if the game happened 00:25:14.790 --> 00:25:20.020 align:middle line:90% to be two players [INAUDIBLE] 00:25:20.020 --> 00:25:24.070 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Again, let's think, not necessarily Go 00:25:24.070 --> 00:25:27.690 align:middle line:84% and chess, but also things like athletics, sports, right? 00:25:27.690 --> 00:25:30.160 align:middle line:84% All these things that we associate with games, 00:25:30.160 --> 00:25:33.200 align:middle line:84% rather than just a pure test of strength. 00:25:33.200 --> 00:25:34.950 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Sorry, but I thought each course 00:25:34.950 --> 00:25:38.280 align:middle line:84% it tends to be [INAUDIBLE] so that's sort of an abstraction. 00:25:38.280 --> 00:25:42.660 align:middle line:90% But not necessarily [INAUDIBLE] 00:25:42.660 --> 00:25:45.130 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I'm thinking, what's the oldest team 00:25:45.130 --> 00:25:47.476 align:middle line:90% game that we can think of. 00:25:47.476 --> 00:25:48.050 align:middle line:90% Hurling? 00:25:48.050 --> 00:25:55.330 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: The one [INAUDIBLE] balls, [INAUDIBLE] 00:25:55.330 --> 00:25:59.292 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Is that what people associate that with basketball? 00:25:59.292 --> 00:26:01.250 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I don't know, [INAUDIBLE] basketball, 00:26:01.250 --> 00:26:05.721 align:middle line:90% I just [INAUDIBLE] 00:26:05.721 --> 00:26:09.010 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:26:09.010 --> 00:26:11.680 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Yeah, I think rolling on the ground-- 00:26:11.680 --> 00:26:14.400 align:middle line:84% balls rolling on the ground are a little bit more common. 00:26:14.400 --> 00:26:16.190 align:middle line:90% So I'm gonna get [INAUDIBLE] 00:26:16.190 --> 00:26:21.100 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So I was gonna say, sort of based off [INAUDIBLE], 00:26:21.100 --> 00:26:23.730 align:middle line:84% it seems like it's helpful if it's 00:26:23.730 --> 00:26:25.390 align:middle line:84% the sort of game where you can build up 00:26:25.390 --> 00:26:30.200 align:middle line:84% a culture of competition around it. 00:26:30.200 --> 00:26:32.867 align:middle line:84% It seems that seems to help keep things rolling. 00:26:32.867 --> 00:26:35.200 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So it implies that there's some type of skill 00:26:35.200 --> 00:26:36.616 align:middle line:84% that you can develop, and then you 00:26:36.616 --> 00:26:38.075 align:middle line:84% can compete against other people. 00:26:38.075 --> 00:26:41.030 align:middle line:90% 00:26:41.030 --> 00:26:48.870 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:26:48.870 --> 00:26:50.286 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Let me get Laura first. 00:26:50.286 --> 00:26:53.686 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] look at any evaluation 00:26:53.686 --> 00:26:56.585 align:middle line:90% six and a half points. 00:26:56.585 --> 00:26:57.210 align:middle line:90% LAURA: So for-- 00:26:57.210 --> 00:26:58.510 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:26:58.510 --> 00:27:02.169 align:middle line:84% LAURA: According to what [INAUDIBLE] percent for white. 00:27:02.169 --> 00:27:04.950 align:middle line:84% But it said that, and this kind of makes sense, 00:27:04.950 --> 00:27:10.010 align:middle line:84% if you're like novice players, it's pretty much [INAUDIBLE]. 00:27:10.010 --> 00:27:11.616 align:middle line:90% It's much closer. 00:27:11.616 --> 00:27:12.740 align:middle line:90% Which makes a lot of sense. 00:27:12.740 --> 00:27:16.726 align:middle line:84% And it also means it does affect people 00:27:16.726 --> 00:27:20.709 align:middle line:84% in some way to like try to learn strategy, because [INAUDIBLE]. 00:27:20.709 --> 00:27:23.549 align:middle line:90% 00:27:23.549 --> 00:27:25.340 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: The more you know, the better it 00:27:25.340 --> 00:27:27.423 align:middle line:84% is for you when you start off as white, as opposed 00:27:27.423 --> 00:27:30.650 align:middle line:84% to it being just like a completely [INAUDIBLE] thing. 00:27:30.650 --> 00:27:34.320 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: For a lot of these, I think a cultural incentive 00:27:34.320 --> 00:27:35.180 align:middle line:90% can help a lot. 00:27:35.180 --> 00:27:39.152 align:middle line:84% So for both these games, you were basically 00:27:39.152 --> 00:27:42.250 align:middle line:84% considered intelligent if you could play it well. 00:27:42.250 --> 00:27:46.424 align:middle line:84% And then for a lot of the sports, you were-- 00:27:46.424 --> 00:27:49.245 align:middle line:84% if you won the Olympics in ancient Greece, or something. 00:27:49.245 --> 00:27:50.522 align:middle line:90% That was a huge deal. 00:27:50.522 --> 00:27:52.646 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] cultural significance could really help 00:27:52.646 --> 00:27:54.520 align:middle line:90% you develop more of a-- 00:27:54.520 --> 00:27:58.699 align:middle line:84% an entire population might try as opposed 00:27:58.699 --> 00:28:00.240 align:middle line:84% to a game that doesn't really matter. 00:28:00.240 --> 00:28:02.690 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So what I'm hearing is either 00:28:02.690 --> 00:28:05.004 align:middle line:84% you'll end a war by playing a game, that's 00:28:05.004 --> 00:28:07.420 align:middle line:84% one way to get somewhere, like real cultural significance. 00:28:07.420 --> 00:28:10.730 align:middle line:84% And a lot of athletic events, the Olympics 00:28:10.730 --> 00:28:13.480 align:middle line:84% are kind of about that sort of thing right. 00:28:13.480 --> 00:28:16.143 align:middle line:84% Or you get a king to play that game. 00:28:16.143 --> 00:28:22.550 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] Which could work, definitely chess 00:28:22.550 --> 00:28:24.820 align:middle line:90% has had intellectual leaders. 00:28:24.820 --> 00:28:27.272 align:middle line:90% You know, artists for instance. 00:28:27.272 --> 00:28:30.630 align:middle line:84% I try to remember which authors were really, really into chess. 00:28:30.630 --> 00:28:33.590 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:28:33.590 --> 00:28:34.940 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah. 00:28:34.940 --> 00:28:37.610 align:middle line:84% I wouldn't be surprised if military leadership 00:28:37.610 --> 00:28:38.517 align:middle line:90% were into that. 00:28:38.517 --> 00:28:40.400 align:middle line:84% I'm actually thinking that maybe instead 00:28:40.400 --> 00:28:42.080 align:middle line:84% of balance, what we're going to say 00:28:42.080 --> 00:28:46.780 align:middle line:84% is that each side has a fighting chance. 00:28:46.780 --> 00:28:50.660 align:middle line:84% It's not so off balance that games often 00:28:50.660 --> 00:28:55.000 align:middle line:90% end in foregone conclusions. 00:28:55.000 --> 00:29:02.142 align:middle line:84% Even when black has a disadvantage in chess, 00:29:02.142 --> 00:29:03.100 align:middle line:90% black can do something. 00:29:03.100 --> 00:29:05.290 align:middle line:90% Like force a stalemate. 00:29:05.290 --> 00:29:08.320 align:middle line:84% And that gets that both player's agency 00:29:08.320 --> 00:29:09.897 align:middle line:84% over the outcome of the game, even 00:29:09.897 --> 00:29:11.980 align:middle line:84% if what they're trying to accomplish is different. 00:29:11.980 --> 00:29:13.180 align:middle line:84% White is trying to accomplish victory, 00:29:13.180 --> 00:29:14.867 align:middle line:84% black is just trying to prevent it. 00:29:14.867 --> 00:29:19.397 align:middle line:90% 00:29:19.397 --> 00:29:21.522 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: In chess, actually, the most recent rules 00:29:21.522 --> 00:29:23.160 align:middle line:90% changed [INAUDIBLE] 2001. 00:29:23.160 --> 00:29:24.700 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: 2001? 00:29:24.700 --> 00:29:26.636 align:middle line:90% That's a while ago. 00:29:26.636 --> 00:29:27.770 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:29:27.770 --> 00:29:30.550 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Yeah, it's pretty stable. 00:29:30.550 --> 00:29:33.040 align:middle line:84% I will say that once you've been around that long, 00:29:33.040 --> 00:29:36.445 align:middle line:84% you've had enough tweaks to your rules that things can work out. 00:29:36.445 --> 00:29:38.320 align:middle line:84% People are still changing the rules of things 00:29:38.320 --> 00:29:39.900 align:middle line:90% like American football. 00:29:39.900 --> 00:29:41.374 align:middle line:90% That's-- 00:29:41.374 --> 00:29:43.690 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] 00:29:43.690 --> 00:29:46.757 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Sometimes those rules changes are for things like, 00:29:46.757 --> 00:29:48.340 align:middle line:84% well, we need to make it easier for us 00:29:48.340 --> 00:29:50.790 align:middle line:90% to insert ads into this game. 00:29:50.790 --> 00:29:54.430 align:middle line:84% And in football and such, it was just like that. 00:29:54.430 --> 00:30:00.490 align:middle line:84% So whether that makes it have longevity, I don't know. 00:30:00.490 --> 00:30:02.740 align:middle line:84% But it certainly [INAUDIBLE] the current health of it, 00:30:02.740 --> 00:30:07.420 align:middle line:84% it works with the current economics of times. 00:30:07.420 --> 00:30:09.640 align:middle line:84% I don't know if Go and chess ever did that, 00:30:09.640 --> 00:30:13.930 align:middle line:84% but but maybe that's why the intellectual-- if you 00:30:13.930 --> 00:30:16.620 align:middle line:84% can go into the actual cultural value, 00:30:16.620 --> 00:30:19.470 align:middle line:90% you can go for commercial value. 00:30:19.470 --> 00:30:21.310 align:middle line:90% That works too, right? 00:30:21.310 --> 00:30:24.970 align:middle line:90% 00:30:24.970 --> 00:30:27.260 align:middle line:84% And you know the idea is, if you want 00:30:27.260 --> 00:30:29.287 align:middle line:84% to make a game that is really, really 00:30:29.287 --> 00:30:30.620 align:middle line:90% going to stand the test of time. 00:30:30.620 --> 00:30:35.320 align:middle line:84% Either as a full game, or a sport, or a board game, 00:30:35.320 --> 00:30:37.915 align:middle line:90% card game. 00:30:37.915 --> 00:30:39.290 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I guess now, it doesn't 00:30:39.290 --> 00:30:41.700 align:middle line:84% have to be simple learned, but it should also 00:30:41.700 --> 00:30:44.390 align:middle line:90% help make it simple to teach. 00:30:44.390 --> 00:30:46.492 align:middle line:90% Pass on the game really easily. 00:30:46.492 --> 00:30:49.910 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: You've got to get generations to pick it up 00:30:49.910 --> 00:30:50.710 align:middle line:90% over time. 00:30:50.710 --> 00:30:54.170 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Especially where it's a board, then 00:30:54.170 --> 00:30:55.990 align:middle line:90% two different colored rocks. 00:30:55.990 --> 00:30:59.420 align:middle line:84% So even if you don't have manufactured board, 00:30:59.420 --> 00:31:00.790 align:middle line:90% you could teach someone. 00:31:00.790 --> 00:31:02.914 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Like a [INAUDIBLE] or on the whiteboard. 00:31:02.914 --> 00:31:05.120 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Or like, pennies and quarters. 00:31:05.120 --> 00:31:06.830 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah, exactly. 00:31:06.830 --> 00:31:09.330 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: And I was going to say basically it also helps 00:31:09.330 --> 00:31:12.830 align:middle line:90% a lot where it's simple. 00:31:12.830 --> 00:31:15.066 align:middle line:84% Because obviously that means that 00:31:15.066 --> 00:31:21.776 align:middle line:84% you [INAUDIBLE], and that it adds extreme amounts of value, 00:31:21.776 --> 00:31:23.267 align:middle line:90% the ability to pass it on. 00:31:23.267 --> 00:31:26.700 align:middle line:90% 00:31:26.700 --> 00:31:29.920 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: In sports, you are sort of like it's-- 00:31:29.920 --> 00:31:32.640 align:middle line:84% you are sort of constrained to essentially having 00:31:32.640 --> 00:31:34.500 align:middle line:84% a large enough space, flat space, 00:31:34.500 --> 00:31:37.270 align:middle line:90% that you can play a game. 00:31:37.270 --> 00:31:39.060 align:middle line:84% But assuming that's something that's 00:31:39.060 --> 00:31:41.580 align:middle line:84% fairly easy to find around the world, 00:31:41.580 --> 00:31:46.160 align:middle line:84% maybe increasingly hard as time goes on. 00:31:46.160 --> 00:31:47.910 align:middle line:84% Something like soccer is very easy, right? 00:31:47.910 --> 00:31:50.190 align:middle line:84% You know, it's like you don't really need a goal, 00:31:50.190 --> 00:31:54.120 align:middle line:84% you just need things to mark goalposts, and corners. 00:31:54.120 --> 00:31:55.140 align:middle line:90% And then you can play. 00:31:55.140 --> 00:31:56.880 align:middle line:84% It's probably a little bit harder 00:31:56.880 --> 00:31:59.850 align:middle line:84% to do something like baseball, where not only 00:31:59.850 --> 00:32:04.560 align:middle line:84% do you need to be able to mark out the playing space, 00:32:04.560 --> 00:32:08.280 align:middle line:84% but you've also got to have all the right-- 00:32:08.280 --> 00:32:12.040 align:middle line:84% a stick and thing that you can throw without hurting anybody. 00:32:12.040 --> 00:32:14.070 align:middle line:84% And theoretically, you could play baseball 00:32:14.070 --> 00:32:16.350 align:middle line:84% with a rock and a stick, but you know, 00:32:16.350 --> 00:32:18.485 align:middle line:84% that game's probably not going to catch on. 00:32:18.485 --> 00:32:21.010 align:middle line:90% 00:32:21.010 --> 00:32:23.779 align:middle line:90% Maybe it does. 00:32:23.779 --> 00:32:32.478 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Building off of [INAUDIBLE] old objects 00:32:32.478 --> 00:32:36.832 align:middle line:90% and simple the game [INAUDIBLE] 00:32:36.832 --> 00:32:38.290 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: It is amazing how that's 00:32:38.290 --> 00:32:41.850 align:middle line:84% worked with chess, because chess has so many different pieces. 00:32:41.850 --> 00:32:45.460 align:middle line:84% But you know, you've seen boards being 00:32:45.460 --> 00:32:50.080 align:middle line:84% made by people who were basically hermits, 00:32:50.080 --> 00:32:53.920 align:middle line:90% handcrafted stuff. 00:32:53.920 --> 00:32:58.180 align:middle line:84% And pieces that just like made out of like-- 00:32:58.180 --> 00:33:03.580 align:middle line:84% people who were like survivors of a plane crash [INAUDIBLE] 00:33:03.580 --> 00:33:06.330 align:middle line:84% waiting to be rescued, and things like that. 00:33:06.330 --> 00:33:11.090 align:middle line:84% You can actually reproduce the border pretty easily. 00:33:11.090 --> 00:33:13.790 align:middle line:84% So it can just use pieces to be able to reproduce that. 00:33:13.790 --> 00:33:21.400 align:middle line:90% 00:33:21.400 --> 00:33:25.180 align:middle line:84% I wonder at what point complex becomes too complex. 00:33:25.180 --> 00:33:30.340 align:middle line:84% Because if chess is just on the right side of just 00:33:30.340 --> 00:33:33.327 align:middle line:84% easy enough to reproduce, I can't imagine 00:33:33.327 --> 00:33:35.410 align:middle line:84% it gets much harder, much more complex than chess, 00:33:35.410 --> 00:33:40.748 align:middle line:84% to get to the point where we just can't reproduce anymore. 00:33:40.748 --> 00:33:44.010 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Mahjong or shogi. 00:33:44.010 --> 00:33:45.330 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Oh, mahjong pieces. 00:33:45.330 --> 00:33:46.510 align:middle line:90% Oh, good Lord. 00:33:46.510 --> 00:33:49.396 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: There's something about them that's going on. 00:33:49.396 --> 00:33:50.520 align:middle line:90% Chess piece doesn't quite-- 00:33:50.520 --> 00:33:51.520 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 00:33:51.520 --> 00:33:57.410 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Chess is kind of nice [INAUDIBLE] 00:33:57.410 --> 00:33:58.846 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: This is sort of like-- 00:33:58.846 --> 00:34:03.042 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: There's like an accepted aesthetic for it, 00:34:03.042 --> 00:34:05.914 align:middle line:84% but you could play it with cut out pieces of paper 00:34:05.914 --> 00:34:06.830 align:middle line:90% into different shapes. 00:34:06.830 --> 00:34:09.060 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Right. 00:34:09.060 --> 00:34:12.000 align:middle line:84% Or you just draw the icons on it. 00:34:12.000 --> 00:34:13.590 align:middle line:84% Or you can do the Lord of the Rings 00:34:13.590 --> 00:34:16.380 align:middle line:84% chess set for instance, where instead of a king, 00:34:16.380 --> 00:34:21.409 align:middle line:84% you've got Gandalf, or something like that. 00:34:21.409 --> 00:34:25.520 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Another game as an example is mancala. 00:34:25.520 --> 00:34:29.804 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] century. 00:34:29.804 --> 00:34:33.300 align:middle line:84% Another one that you can play with rocks. 00:34:33.300 --> 00:34:35.400 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Mancala's a great one. 00:34:35.400 --> 00:34:37.255 align:middle line:84% I think I [INAUDIBLE] lot about mechanics, 00:34:37.255 --> 00:34:40.474 align:middle line:84% but I wonder if it's a cultural or symbolic ritualistic that 00:34:40.474 --> 00:34:41.820 align:middle line:90% is also required? 00:34:41.820 --> 00:34:44.120 align:middle line:84% So like mancala, you've got cultural [INAUDIBLE], 00:34:44.120 --> 00:34:45.800 align:middle line:90% or so it seems. 00:34:45.800 --> 00:34:50.405 align:middle line:84% I learned how to play it in Bible study school as a kid. 00:34:50.405 --> 00:34:53.371 align:middle line:84% I forget exactly what the message was, but it was 00:34:53.371 --> 00:34:53.870 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 00:34:53.870 --> 00:34:58.920 align:middle line:90% [LAUGHTER] 00:34:58.920 --> 00:35:03.800 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Something seems to [INAUDIBLE] 00:35:03.800 --> 00:35:08.043 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: It's that [INAUDIBLE] cultural stuff that 00:35:08.043 --> 00:35:10.880 align:middle line:90% is built into religion there. 00:35:10.880 --> 00:35:13.770 align:middle line:90% I mean, chess kind of has war. 00:35:13.770 --> 00:35:15.440 align:middle line:90% We really saw that in the '70s. 00:35:15.440 --> 00:35:20.429 align:middle line:84% But what is go got-- what does this say? 00:35:20.429 --> 00:35:21.220 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] Taoism? 00:35:21.220 --> 00:35:24.530 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Yeah it's this sort of Taoist monk's kind of thing. 00:35:24.530 --> 00:35:27.650 align:middle line:84% So there's a certain amount of spirituality 00:35:27.650 --> 00:35:30.350 align:middle line:90% that's associated with Go. 00:35:30.350 --> 00:35:32.060 align:middle line:84% There's a lot more spiritual writing 00:35:32.060 --> 00:35:36.130 align:middle line:84% that I've seen on Go than on say, military strategy writing. 00:35:36.130 --> 00:35:41.000 align:middle line:84% Whereas chess, is very much a military strategy thing. 00:35:41.000 --> 00:35:44.680 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: The Egyptian game of senet. 00:35:44.680 --> 00:35:48.437 align:middle line:84% You put the board into the Pharaoh's tomb for the Pharaoh 00:35:48.437 --> 00:35:52.591 align:middle line:84% to play after going into the afterlife. 00:35:52.591 --> 00:35:53.590 align:middle line:90% It's not played anymore. 00:35:53.590 --> 00:35:55.720 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: How do you know? 00:35:55.720 --> 00:35:58.345 align:middle line:90% Maybe they are still playing it. 00:35:58.345 --> 00:36:02.220 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: But there's no current cultural significance. 00:36:02.220 --> 00:36:04.470 align:middle line:84% At one point, it stopped having cultural significance, 00:36:04.470 --> 00:36:06.614 align:middle line:90% so it stopped being played. 00:36:06.614 --> 00:36:07.280 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah. 00:36:07.280 --> 00:36:09.670 align:middle line:84% I mean, that's a game that people 00:36:09.670 --> 00:36:13.000 align:middle line:84% have theorized is actually about a journey into the afterlife. 00:36:13.000 --> 00:36:16.630 align:middle line:84% So it has cultural resonance for a society 00:36:16.630 --> 00:36:20.140 align:middle line:84% that thinks very heavily about what happens after I die, 00:36:20.140 --> 00:36:21.490 align:middle line:90% right. 00:36:21.490 --> 00:36:25.480 align:middle line:84% And chess makes sense for a society 00:36:25.480 --> 00:36:30.730 align:middle line:84% that's either constantly in battle, or offered in battle. 00:36:30.730 --> 00:36:33.760 align:middle line:84% And there was a resurgence in the '60's and '70's 00:36:33.760 --> 00:36:35.479 align:middle line:90% here in the US. 00:36:35.479 --> 00:36:37.866 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Probably had to do with Bobby Fischer. 00:36:37.866 --> 00:36:38.740 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Also that. 00:36:38.740 --> 00:36:39.480 align:middle line:90% Also that. 00:36:39.480 --> 00:36:42.177 align:middle line:90% 00:36:42.177 --> 00:36:43.930 align:middle line:84% Celebrities, again-- it's nice to have 00:36:43.930 --> 00:36:45.401 align:middle line:90% a king play your game game. 00:36:45.401 --> 00:36:48.190 align:middle line:90% 00:36:48.190 --> 00:36:48.690 align:middle line:90% All right. 00:36:48.690 --> 00:36:51.690 align:middle line:84% So a couple of things just to think about, 00:36:51.690 --> 00:36:56.490 align:middle line:84% we've been talking in class a lot about [INAUDIBLE] games. 00:36:56.490 --> 00:36:58.137 align:middle line:84% And you know, especially the discussion 00:36:58.137 --> 00:36:59.220 align:middle line:90% about the Parker Brothers. 00:36:59.220 --> 00:37:02.364 align:middle line:84% And what it will take to be able to make 00:37:02.364 --> 00:37:03.530 align:middle line:90% a game that's going to sell. 00:37:03.530 --> 00:37:05.700 align:middle line:84% The last time, we had a guest in here 00:37:05.700 --> 00:37:09.480 align:middle line:84% to talk about Kickstarter, or Patreon, and Crowdfunding. 00:37:09.480 --> 00:37:13.280 align:middle line:84% How to put a game in a box and ship it to people. 00:37:13.280 --> 00:37:15.440 align:middle line:84% But then also, the other direction 00:37:15.440 --> 00:37:17.490 align:middle line:84% of what if you just try to make a bigger 00:37:17.490 --> 00:37:20.100 align:middle line:90% set of rules that anybody can-- 00:37:20.100 --> 00:37:24.420 align:middle line:84% with a ball and a field, or a chunk of wood 00:37:24.420 --> 00:37:25.590 align:middle line:90% that had a good curve. 00:37:25.590 --> 00:37:28.770 align:middle line:84% A bunch of different colored stones, or holes in the ground 00:37:28.770 --> 00:37:29.920 align:middle line:90% could reproduce. 00:37:29.920 --> 00:37:35.360 align:middle line:84% And what's the design process around designing 00:37:35.360 --> 00:37:36.510 align:middle line:90% those kind of games? 00:37:36.510 --> 00:37:41.130 align:middle line:84% It might be that's a perfectly legitimate application of game 00:37:41.130 --> 00:37:42.570 align:middle line:90% design. 00:37:42.570 --> 00:37:46.530 align:middle line:84% And so you might want to think about that. 00:37:46.530 --> 00:37:54.055 align:middle line:84% And now that everybody's here, let's hear about your games. 00:37:54.055 --> 00:38:00.060 align:middle line:84% Who needs to use the projector today for the pictures? 00:38:00.060 --> 00:38:04.870 align:middle line:84% You don't have to, we can turn it off. 00:38:04.870 --> 00:38:05.660 align:middle line:90% No? 00:38:05.660 --> 00:38:06.160 align:middle line:90% OK. 00:38:06.160 --> 00:38:06.660 align:middle line:90% All right. 00:38:06.660 --> 00:38:08.830 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] shut the projector off. 00:38:08.830 --> 00:38:14.420 align:middle line:84% And can the ship racing team come up here? 00:38:14.420 --> 00:38:17.099 align:middle line:84% And we're going to give you feedback on your pitch. 00:38:17.099 --> 00:38:18.640 align:middle line:84% We're also going to give you feedback 00:38:18.640 --> 00:38:23.967 align:middle line:84% on ideas about tips on the game that you're pitching. 00:38:23.967 --> 00:38:28.165 align:middle line:90% 00:38:28.165 --> 00:38:32.950 align:middle line:84% So imagine that Rick and I are the decision 00:38:32.950 --> 00:38:34.780 align:middle line:84% makers of the publisher that you're 00:38:34.780 --> 00:38:37.230 align:middle line:90% trying to get money from. 00:38:37.230 --> 00:38:39.250 align:middle line:84% You're trying to get seed money to be 00:38:39.250 --> 00:38:40.882 align:middle line:84% able to finish designing this game 00:38:40.882 --> 00:38:42.580 align:middle line:90% that you're currently designing. 00:38:42.580 --> 00:38:45.760 align:middle line:84% Maybe even employees in our company. 00:38:45.760 --> 00:38:47.530 align:middle line:90% We're the heads of Hasbro. 00:38:47.530 --> 00:38:50.252 align:middle line:90% You're all designers in Hasbro. 00:38:50.252 --> 00:38:51.960 align:middle line:84% And you're going to say, this is the game 00:38:51.960 --> 00:38:53.870 align:middle line:90% we all want to work on next. 00:38:53.870 --> 00:38:54.670 align:middle line:90% All right? 00:38:54.670 --> 00:38:57.420 align:middle line:84% Everybody else is kind of like your competition 00:38:57.420 --> 00:38:59.240 align:middle line:90% in the company. 00:38:59.240 --> 00:39:01.660 align:middle line:84% Yes, but we're not really doing that. 00:39:01.660 --> 00:39:04.674 align:middle line:90% They all want something too. 00:39:04.674 --> 00:39:05.590 align:middle line:90% So give us that pitch. 00:39:05.590 --> 00:39:11.710 align:middle line:90% 00:39:11.710 --> 00:39:13.660 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Let's do it. 00:39:13.660 --> 00:39:16.240 align:middle line:90% So as you know-- 00:39:16.240 --> 00:39:19.390 align:middle line:84% well first of all, thanks for having us. 00:39:19.390 --> 00:39:23.230 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] run through the team real quick. [? Fro, ?] Jory, 00:39:23.230 --> 00:39:23.980 align:middle line:90% Matt and Joan. 00:39:23.980 --> 00:39:27.076 align:middle line:90% And we are team ship racing. 00:39:27.076 --> 00:39:28.450 align:middle line:84% And so we're here to tell you why 00:39:28.450 --> 00:39:33.607 align:middle line:84% ship racing is going to be the number one game for Phil Rick 00:39:33.607 --> 00:39:34.107 align:middle line:90% Studios. 00:39:34.107 --> 00:39:37.000 align:middle line:90% 00:39:37.000 --> 00:39:42.490 align:middle line:84% And as you know, games like Agricola and Tsuro 00:39:42.490 --> 00:39:48.580 align:middle line:84% are some of the top grossing games in recent history. 00:39:48.580 --> 00:39:51.970 align:middle line:84% So since we're passionate about Euro style games, 00:39:51.970 --> 00:39:54.280 align:middle line:84% and we love path building games, why 00:39:54.280 --> 00:39:57.930 align:middle line:84% not do a mash-up of the two kinds of games? 00:39:57.930 --> 00:40:00.730 align:middle line:84% So that's for-- enter ship racing. 00:40:00.730 --> 00:40:03.600 align:middle line:90% A mash-up of Tsuro and Agricola. 00:40:03.600 --> 00:40:07.000 align:middle line:84% So let me walk you through our vision for this game. 00:40:07.000 --> 00:40:14.650 align:middle line:84% There's gonna be a common board that looks something like this. 00:40:14.650 --> 00:40:16.840 align:middle line:84% We're experimenting with [INAUDIBLE] size, 00:40:16.840 --> 00:40:25.343 align:middle line:84% but right now, five by five is pretty fun in early prototypes. 00:40:25.343 --> 00:40:27.291 align:middle line:90% And this is the common. 00:40:27.291 --> 00:40:30.220 align:middle line:90% 00:40:30.220 --> 00:40:36.970 align:middle line:84% And then you have tiles that go on the spaces. 00:40:36.970 --> 00:40:42.760 align:middle line:84% And each tile-- here, I'll blow it up for you-- 00:40:42.760 --> 00:40:48.766 align:middle line:90% has two nodes on each side. 00:40:48.766 --> 00:40:51.350 align:middle line:84% And there will be multiple permutations 00:40:51.350 --> 00:40:55.220 align:middle line:90% of paths like this one. 00:40:55.220 --> 00:40:59.020 align:middle line:90% 00:40:59.020 --> 00:41:00.990 align:middle line:84% You've got you guys that played Tsuro? 00:41:00.990 --> 00:41:01.740 align:middle line:90% Tsuro [INAUDIBLE]? 00:41:01.740 --> 00:41:10.940 align:middle line:84% A So these tiles will go together 00:41:10.940 --> 00:41:12.340 align:middle line:84% and will help navigate your ship. 00:41:12.340 --> 00:41:17.660 align:middle line:90% 00:41:17.660 --> 00:41:21.827 align:middle line:84% Your ship starts here, and you play this tile, 00:41:21.827 --> 00:41:23.020 align:middle line:90% and it ends up here. 00:41:23.020 --> 00:41:28.310 align:middle line:84% So the idea of the game is to start here. 00:41:28.310 --> 00:41:32.010 align:middle line:90% It's a race to the finish. 00:41:32.010 --> 00:41:34.401 align:middle line:84% First person that can go from the left side of the board 00:41:34.401 --> 00:41:36.880 align:middle line:84% to the right side of the board is the winner. 00:41:36.880 --> 00:41:41.940 align:middle line:84% The cool part is that each player is gonna have-- 00:41:41.940 --> 00:41:44.667 align:middle line:84% this is gonna be a zoomed in view of the ship. 00:41:44.667 --> 00:41:47.800 align:middle line:90% 00:41:47.800 --> 00:41:51.250 align:middle line:84% So this is where the worker placement Euro-style turn 00:41:51.250 --> 00:41:53.065 align:middle line:90% based game comes into play. 00:41:53.065 --> 00:41:55.649 align:middle line:84% So on your ship, it will be a simulation. 00:41:55.649 --> 00:41:57.940 align:middle line:84% You're going to get a really good understanding of what 00:41:57.940 --> 00:41:59.492 align:middle line:90% it's like to be a ship captain. 00:41:59.492 --> 00:42:04.320 align:middle line:84% You're going to be able to steer the ship, man the sails, 00:42:04.320 --> 00:42:10.120 align:middle line:84% act as a navigation using the sun sky horizon as tools. 00:42:10.120 --> 00:42:11.740 align:middle line:84% You can populate the crow's nest, 00:42:11.740 --> 00:42:14.929 align:middle line:84% you can be the cook, swab the deck, 00:42:14.929 --> 00:42:16.720 align:middle line:84% you could retreat to the captain's quarters 00:42:16.720 --> 00:42:20.230 align:middle line:84% to sit with [INAUDIBLE], fish off the side of the boat 00:42:20.230 --> 00:42:23.790 align:middle line:90% to get food for your crew. 00:42:23.790 --> 00:42:29.450 align:middle line:84% And we're not quite sure how, but these are the two elements 00:42:29.450 --> 00:42:34.220 align:middle line:84% of game-play that we want to mash together to really crush 00:42:34.220 --> 00:42:37.021 align:middle line:90% it for you guys next year. 00:42:37.021 --> 00:42:38.270 align:middle line:90% Is there anything I'm missing? 00:42:38.270 --> 00:42:41.860 align:middle line:90% 00:42:41.860 --> 00:42:43.680 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Focus groups loved in tests. 00:42:43.680 --> 00:42:45.964 align:middle line:90% 00:42:45.964 --> 00:42:47.672 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: We have 100 pre-orders already. 00:42:47.672 --> 00:42:51.710 align:middle line:90% 00:42:51.710 --> 00:42:53.437 align:middle line:90% We'd love to hear your feedback. 00:42:53.437 --> 00:42:57.175 align:middle line:90% 00:42:57.175 --> 00:42:58.690 align:middle line:90% Let's see. 00:42:58.690 --> 00:43:01.270 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I'm just going to give you feedback not playing 00:43:01.270 --> 00:43:08.526 align:middle line:84% the character that I [INAUDIBLE] I think that being ship captain 00:43:08.526 --> 00:43:10.792 align:middle line:84% is actually the center point of this. 00:43:10.792 --> 00:43:12.250 align:middle line:84% That's the whole [INAUDIBLE] trying 00:43:12.250 --> 00:43:15.070 align:middle line:90% to get people excited about. 00:43:15.070 --> 00:43:16.870 align:middle line:84% The actual game mechanic of everything, 00:43:16.870 --> 00:43:20.520 align:middle line:84% like putting the tiles together, intellectually and designerly 00:43:20.520 --> 00:43:22.320 align:middle line:90% very interesting. 00:43:22.320 --> 00:43:29.380 align:middle line:84% But it's not the same [INAUDIBLE] to get [INAUDIBLE] 00:43:29.380 --> 00:43:31.390 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So there's like a hole in the market, 00:43:31.390 --> 00:43:33.400 align:middle line:84% you can't be a ship captain in any other game, 00:43:33.400 --> 00:43:35.430 align:middle line:84% but we're going to give you a chance to. 00:43:35.430 --> 00:43:37.513 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I think you don't even have to do that. 00:43:37.513 --> 00:43:41.560 align:middle line:84% I think to sell the fantasy, to sell the fantasy of this 00:43:41.560 --> 00:43:44.140 align:middle line:84% is the age of sails, or something like that. 00:43:44.140 --> 00:43:48.710 align:middle line:84% You are a ship captain for the East India Company. 00:43:48.710 --> 00:43:51.340 align:middle line:84% Sort of create the fantasy that [INAUDIBLE]. 00:43:51.340 --> 00:43:56.210 align:middle line:84% Like Ticket to Ride, you are the globe, continent trotting, 00:43:56.210 --> 00:43:58.900 align:middle line:90% aristocrat, basically. 00:43:58.900 --> 00:44:01.268 align:middle line:84% Even though really the game is nothing about that. 00:44:01.268 --> 00:44:03.393 align:middle line:84% But that is the fantasy that they're trying to sell 00:44:03.393 --> 00:44:05.950 align:middle line:84% would be try to sell you the box. 00:44:05.950 --> 00:44:10.000 align:middle line:84% And of course, that is a focus you will need to better flesh 00:44:10.000 --> 00:44:10.970 align:middle line:90% out-- 00:44:10.970 --> 00:44:14.364 align:middle line:84% what the decision that you're doing 00:44:14.364 --> 00:44:19.910 align:middle line:84% on the road, how that influences your progress on the map. 00:44:19.910 --> 00:44:22.250 align:middle line:90% Because it was unclear. 00:44:22.250 --> 00:44:25.710 align:middle line:84% It looked like the tile assembling thing, 00:44:25.710 --> 00:44:28.280 align:middle line:84% it's already game all by itself, like Tsuro. 00:44:28.280 --> 00:44:31.960 align:middle line:90% 00:44:31.960 --> 00:44:35.059 align:middle line:84% You didn't make it very clear what drives what. 00:44:35.059 --> 00:44:37.350 align:middle line:84% Is it the map-building that drives the ship [INAUDIBLE] 00:44:37.350 --> 00:44:39.976 align:middle line:84% directions, or do the ship [INAUDIBLE] 00:44:39.976 --> 00:44:43.066 align:middle line:84% give you the ability to use on the map of [INAUDIBLE]. 00:44:43.066 --> 00:44:43.940 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: I hear you. 00:44:43.940 --> 00:44:52.626 align:middle line:90% 00:44:52.626 --> 00:44:56.220 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I'm curious, what are the primary and secondary 00:44:56.220 --> 00:45:01.660 align:middle line:84% sources you're using for how ship captaining works. 00:45:01.660 --> 00:45:03.350 align:middle line:90% Why is it that this is-- 00:45:03.350 --> 00:45:04.930 align:middle line:84% how do you know that you're actually 00:45:04.930 --> 00:45:06.785 align:middle line:84% showing the experience that this is 00:45:06.785 --> 00:45:09.290 align:middle line:84% from the perspecive of this person? 00:45:09.290 --> 00:45:10.440 align:middle line:90% What's the date? 00:45:10.440 --> 00:45:13.911 align:middle line:90% What's the range of dates? 00:45:13.911 --> 00:45:16.410 align:middle line:84% What's material you're using, the background material you're 00:45:16.410 --> 00:45:18.864 align:middle line:90% using to [INAUDIBLE] 00:45:18.864 --> 00:45:20.530 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: These are questions that we're 00:45:20.530 --> 00:45:23.040 align:middle line:90% asking ourselves, too. 00:45:23.040 --> 00:45:25.600 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] making it explicit, because we really 00:45:25.600 --> 00:45:28.542 align:middle line:90% need to dive into the research. 00:45:28.542 --> 00:45:31.000 align:middle line:84% We had a lot of game ideas and now we're just choosing this 00:45:31.000 --> 00:45:32.350 align:middle line:90% and we're gonna run with it. 00:45:32.350 --> 00:45:35.270 align:middle line:84% So I think that's a good next step, thanks for helping us 00:45:35.270 --> 00:45:35.960 align:middle line:90% with that. 00:45:35.960 --> 00:45:46.374 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] I think so. 00:45:46.374 --> 00:45:48.100 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] I think [INAUDIBLE] would 00:45:48.100 --> 00:45:55.427 align:middle line:84% be [INAUDIBLE] You could do a lot worse than just saying, 00:45:55.427 --> 00:45:56.260 align:middle line:90% that sounds awesome. 00:45:56.260 --> 00:46:02.390 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] British navy, you are 00:46:02.390 --> 00:46:04.662 align:middle line:84% one of the boats that has carried cargo 00:46:04.662 --> 00:46:08.770 align:middle line:84% at the same time [INAUDIBLE] It helps 00:46:08.770 --> 00:46:10.455 align:middle line:84% that every one of those boats has a map, 00:46:10.455 --> 00:46:13.840 align:middle line:84% has a cross section of the ship, [INAUDIBLE] 00:46:13.840 --> 00:46:17.340 align:middle line:84% explains [INAUDIBLE] rest of the book is just use of terms. 00:46:17.340 --> 00:46:23.770 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] which symbol [INAUDIBLE] 00:46:23.770 --> 00:46:26.870 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: We're going to have to beef up our research. 00:46:26.870 --> 00:46:28.739 align:middle line:84% Never been on a sailboat, personally. 00:46:28.739 --> 00:46:30.780 align:middle line:84% The fantasy is something that people can relate-- 00:46:30.780 --> 00:46:33.540 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] guys. 00:46:33.540 --> 00:46:35.090 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Great competitions. 00:46:35.090 --> 00:46:41.520 align:middle line:90% [SIDE CONVERSATION] 00:46:41.520 --> 00:46:44.200 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Thank you, thanks for your feedback. 00:46:44.200 --> 00:46:47.630 align:middle line:90% [APPLAUSE] 00:46:47.630 --> 00:46:49.590 align:middle line:90% [SIDE CONVERSATION] 00:46:49.590 --> 00:47:14.280 align:middle line:90% 00:47:14.280 --> 00:47:18.190 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I want you to close your eyes for a second. 00:47:18.190 --> 00:47:19.960 align:middle line:90% Rick. 00:47:19.960 --> 00:47:23.710 align:middle line:90% May 28, 1953. 00:47:23.710 --> 00:47:26.710 align:middle line:84% Your name is Sir Edmund Hillary and you are 00:47:26.710 --> 00:47:31.480 align:middle line:90% 300 feet on top of the world. 00:47:31.480 --> 00:47:32.080 align:middle line:90% Philip. 00:47:32.080 --> 00:47:33.610 align:middle line:90% Same date. 00:47:33.610 --> 00:47:36.520 align:middle line:90% Your name is [INAUDIBLE]. 00:47:36.520 --> 00:47:39.396 align:middle line:84% You have walked-- looked at this mountain your entire life, 00:47:39.396 --> 00:47:40.770 align:middle line:84% and wondered what was at the top. 00:47:40.770 --> 00:47:44.330 align:middle line:84% For the first time in the history of your people, 00:47:44.330 --> 00:47:49.390 align:middle line:84% you're going to actually [INAUDIBLE] by your face. 00:47:49.390 --> 00:47:52.000 align:middle line:84% You spent the last week climbing this thing. 00:47:52.000 --> 00:47:53.530 align:middle line:90% You're finally at the top. 00:47:53.530 --> 00:47:55.685 align:middle line:90% You can open your eyes now. 00:47:55.685 --> 00:47:57.310 align:middle line:84% This is the experience that we're going 00:47:57.310 --> 00:47:59.740 align:middle line:90% to create with Tenzing Norgay. 00:47:59.740 --> 00:48:03.550 align:middle line:84% We want to show people what it was like for these two men that 00:48:03.550 --> 00:48:04.901 align:middle line:90% had no idea what was going on. 00:48:04.901 --> 00:48:06.400 align:middle line:84% There was a second attempt to climb, 00:48:06.400 --> 00:48:08.920 align:middle line:84% the first two died in the attempt. 00:48:08.920 --> 00:48:13.970 align:middle line:84% And after 12 days of climbing, they 00:48:13.970 --> 00:48:17.590 align:middle line:84% set up base camp in each spot, and reached the top. 00:48:17.590 --> 00:48:20.760 align:middle line:84% We're going to make a three-dimensional board 00:48:20.760 --> 00:48:22.340 align:middle line:90% with 12 different base camps. 00:48:22.340 --> 00:48:23.895 align:middle line:90% 00:48:23.895 --> 00:48:26.020 align:middle line:84% I'm not gonna draw 12 base camps right now, that'll 00:48:26.020 --> 00:48:27.910 align:middle line:90% take a little bit. 00:48:27.910 --> 00:48:29.760 align:middle line:84% But each level essentially is a base camp. 00:48:29.760 --> 00:48:31.862 align:middle line:84% If you've ever played the game Deception-- 00:48:31.862 --> 00:48:37.600 align:middle line:84% Descent, there is one kind of dungeon master type player. 00:48:37.600 --> 00:48:39.710 align:middle line:84% Who, it's not like Dungeons and Dragons 00:48:39.710 --> 00:48:41.830 align:middle line:84% dungeon master, who creates an entire game. 00:48:41.830 --> 00:48:44.950 align:middle line:84% But he controls the monsters, controls tracks, how 00:48:44.950 --> 00:48:46.710 align:middle line:90% they track, stuff like that. 00:48:46.710 --> 00:48:50.220 align:middle line:84% We're gonna have a similar element with the environment. 00:48:50.220 --> 00:48:53.440 align:middle line:84% The environment challenge that you face various equipment 00:48:53.440 --> 00:48:57.820 align:middle line:84% failures, and just the unplanned for things 00:48:57.820 --> 00:49:01.690 align:middle line:84% that happen during the climb, will be laid out 00:49:01.690 --> 00:49:04.270 align:middle line:90% by this environment master. 00:49:04.270 --> 00:49:07.030 align:middle line:84% It will be him against the two climbers 00:49:07.030 --> 00:49:09.580 align:middle line:90% on their way to the top. 00:49:09.580 --> 00:49:12.940 align:middle line:84% There will be different boundaries 00:49:12.940 --> 00:49:14.720 align:middle line:84% placed on you, based on the stuff 00:49:14.720 --> 00:49:17.840 align:middle line:90% that they had to fight for. 00:49:17.840 --> 00:49:21.630 align:middle line:84% The last two base camps, you have to ascend in 24 hours. 00:49:21.630 --> 00:49:26.070 align:middle line:84% If you don't, you will die of oxygen asphyxiation. 00:49:26.070 --> 00:49:27.980 align:middle line:84% By the same logic, when these players 00:49:27.980 --> 00:49:30.470 align:middle line:84% pass the [INAUDIBLE] base camp, they 00:49:30.470 --> 00:49:33.040 align:middle line:90% will have called three turns. 00:49:33.040 --> 00:49:35.980 align:middle line:84% We'll have to work on the details to reach the top. 00:49:35.980 --> 00:49:38.380 align:middle line:84% Things like this can make the experience realistic, 00:49:38.380 --> 00:49:42.010 align:middle line:84% make them feel like they're actually on the climb, 00:49:42.010 --> 00:49:43.790 align:middle line:84% on the mountain, trying to reach the top. 00:49:43.790 --> 00:49:47.420 align:middle line:84% Become the first person in the world to make it. 00:49:47.420 --> 00:49:51.910 align:middle line:84% Simple enough, if you make it to the top and get down alive, 00:49:51.910 --> 00:49:52.910 align:middle line:90% you win. 00:49:52.910 --> 00:49:54.710 align:middle line:84% You go down this street, you get knighted. 00:49:54.710 --> 00:49:59.620 align:middle line:90% 00:49:59.620 --> 00:50:02.110 align:middle line:90% Sounds good? 00:50:02.110 --> 00:50:04.970 align:middle line:84% That, my friends, that is [INAUDIBLE] 00:50:04.970 --> 00:50:08.600 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Source material that you're looking at right now? 00:50:08.600 --> 00:50:12.290 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I found a couple websites on just the climb. 00:50:12.290 --> 00:50:15.410 align:middle line:84% I also read a book two years ago, 00:50:15.410 --> 00:50:17.450 align:middle line:84% not necessarily about this climb, 00:50:17.450 --> 00:50:21.230 align:middle line:84% but on the 1996 Everest disaster. 00:50:21.230 --> 00:50:23.320 align:middle line:84% Which goes into a lot of detail on what it takes 00:50:23.320 --> 00:50:25.430 align:middle line:90% for a pair to climb Everest. 00:50:25.430 --> 00:50:27.140 align:middle line:84% The challenges that people face, how they 00:50:27.140 --> 00:50:29.170 align:middle line:90% feel while they're climbing. 00:50:29.170 --> 00:50:31.130 align:middle line:84% And then, obviously, the worst case scenario 00:50:31.130 --> 00:50:33.825 align:middle line:84% of what can happen, when you get caught on base camp four 00:50:33.825 --> 00:50:36.375 align:middle line:84% in the middle of a blizzard and 15 people die. 00:50:36.375 --> 00:50:44.558 align:middle line:90% 00:50:44.558 --> 00:50:50.831 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: [INAUDIBLE] 00:50:50.831 --> 00:50:52.914 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I planned on doing that the entire time, 00:50:52.914 --> 00:50:54.428 align:middle line:90% and then you said [INAUDIBLE] 00:50:54.428 --> 00:51:00.229 align:middle line:90% [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:51:00.229 --> 00:51:02.020 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: If you have a strategy going in, 00:51:02.020 --> 00:51:04.460 align:middle line:90% always volunteer to go first. 00:51:04.460 --> 00:51:08.987 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE], about your style of pitch, and more 00:51:08.987 --> 00:51:10.820 align:middle line:84% about the things that you said in the pitch. 00:51:10.820 --> 00:51:12.920 align:middle line:84% 3-D board-- Really, really think about how 00:51:12.920 --> 00:51:15.420 align:middle line:84% you're going to be handing that in on [INAUDIBLE]. 00:51:15.420 --> 00:51:17.492 align:middle line:84% Come in with a box that can actually fit this, 00:51:17.492 --> 00:51:19.325 align:middle line:84% give us instruction about how we're supposed 00:51:19.325 --> 00:51:21.100 align:middle line:90% to assemble this thing. 00:51:21.100 --> 00:51:23.450 align:middle line:84% Make sure that it will hold up to repeated assembly 00:51:23.450 --> 00:51:26.120 align:middle line:90% and disassembly. 00:51:26.120 --> 00:51:30.040 align:middle line:84% Possibly something that may not be essential for your game, 00:51:30.040 --> 00:51:36.787 align:middle line:84% something that [INAUDIBLE] which is a really interesting-- 00:51:36.787 --> 00:51:38.620 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: We met yesterday to talk about it, 00:51:38.620 --> 00:51:40.901 align:middle line:84% and I said I was thinking about a 3-D board, 00:51:40.901 --> 00:51:41.900 align:middle line:90% if that would look cool. 00:51:41.900 --> 00:51:44.220 align:middle line:84% And both Matt and Eddy both said they 00:51:44.220 --> 00:51:45.605 align:middle line:90% had the exact same thought. 00:51:45.605 --> 00:51:47.000 align:middle line:90% So I was like, OK. 00:51:47.000 --> 00:51:48.050 align:middle line:90% Then we have to do it. 00:51:48.050 --> 00:51:49.466 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: You might actually want 00:51:49.466 --> 00:51:51.550 align:middle line:84% to incorporate the board in your box 00:51:51.550 --> 00:51:54.560 align:middle line:84% somehow, so that the box becomes something that can actually 00:51:54.560 --> 00:51:56.680 align:middle line:90% be used to support the board. 00:51:56.680 --> 00:52:02.992 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] it's up to you, really. 00:52:02.992 --> 00:52:10.380 align:middle line:84% But do consider things like cost and time, [INAUDIBLE] 00:52:10.380 --> 00:52:17.090 align:middle line:84% There is actually a genre of mountain climbing games that 00:52:17.090 --> 00:52:22.460 align:middle line:84% looks like two [INAUDIBLE] with ropes [INAUDIBLE] straight from 00:52:22.460 --> 00:52:26.810 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] attached to the-- 00:52:26.810 --> 00:52:29.390 align:middle line:84% and they both attach to one weight. 00:52:29.390 --> 00:52:32.250 align:middle line:84% The board itself, [INAUDIBLE] quarter 00:52:32.250 --> 00:52:34.530 align:middle line:84% of the board are slightly inclined and are [INAUDIBLE] 00:52:34.530 --> 00:52:36.310 align:middle line:90% there [INAUDIBLE]. 00:52:36.310 --> 00:52:38.880 align:middle line:84% So the whole idea is get from point A to the top, 00:52:38.880 --> 00:52:41.510 align:middle line:84% to the other side, without falling into the hole. 00:52:41.510 --> 00:52:44.330 align:middle line:84% And each player holds onto to a different rope. 00:52:44.330 --> 00:52:45.270 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 00:52:45.270 --> 00:52:48.750 align:middle line:90% 00:52:48.750 --> 00:53:05.920 align:middle line:90% A couple of ideas [INAUDIBLE] 00:53:05.920 --> 00:53:10.480 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I think for me, if it is Tenzing Norgay, 00:53:10.480 --> 00:53:12.500 align:middle line:90% I would've wanted-- 00:53:12.500 --> 00:53:15.000 align:middle line:84% hinted a little bit towards this character [INAUDIBLE] 00:53:15.000 --> 00:53:16.770 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Mainly, just put that out there 00:53:16.770 --> 00:53:19.390 align:middle line:84% because it was the first name that came to mind. 00:53:19.390 --> 00:53:20.650 align:middle line:90% [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:53:20.650 --> 00:53:22.290 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So be very clear if that's 00:53:22.290 --> 00:53:22.920 align:middle line:90% what you're going to go for. 00:53:22.920 --> 00:53:24.836 align:middle line:84% There's actually some really interesting stuff 00:53:24.836 --> 00:53:31.813 align:middle line:84% going on there, [INAUDIBLE] He's Tibetan, [INAUDIBLE]. 00:53:31.813 --> 00:53:35.214 align:middle line:90% 00:53:35.214 --> 00:53:37.880 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: He's a local Sherpa, I have I have his Wikipedia page. 00:53:37.880 --> 00:53:43.950 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: He's a local Sherpa, he's supporting a European-- 00:53:43.950 --> 00:53:45.176 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Nepalese. 00:53:45.176 --> 00:53:48.720 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: To support European climber. 00:53:48.720 --> 00:53:50.220 align:middle line:84% Europeans coming in with money, he's 00:53:50.220 --> 00:53:53.546 align:middle line:84% coming in with knowledge of the area, how to survive, 00:53:53.546 --> 00:53:55.470 align:middle line:90% and things like that. 00:53:55.470 --> 00:53:59.940 align:middle line:84% A really rich amount of material to dive into, 00:53:59.940 --> 00:54:04.320 align:middle line:84% that may or may not be useful to the game you want to make. 00:54:04.320 --> 00:54:06.430 align:middle line:84% So just choose which-- if you're going to do that, 00:54:06.430 --> 00:54:07.920 align:middle line:90% choose why you're doing that. 00:54:07.920 --> 00:54:14.060 align:middle line:84% So an alternative would be [INAUDIBLE] for the North 00:54:14.060 --> 00:54:18.750 align:middle line:90% Pole, South Pole, [INAUDIBLE] 00:54:18.750 --> 00:54:21.330 align:middle line:84% Basically, two European guys are going 00:54:21.330 --> 00:54:25.010 align:middle line:84% to find the North Pole, or South Pole [INAUDIBLE]. 00:54:25.010 --> 00:54:28.530 align:middle line:84% They are competitors trying to get there first. 00:54:28.530 --> 00:54:31.650 align:middle line:84% Is your game to competitors trying to get there first? 00:54:31.650 --> 00:54:33.121 align:middle line:90% [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:54:33.121 --> 00:54:34.620 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Two situations and the one 00:54:34.620 --> 00:54:37.500 align:middle line:84% we decided we liked was two people working together 00:54:37.500 --> 00:54:38.792 align:middle line:90% against one environment person. 00:54:38.792 --> 00:54:39.625 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Great, OK. 00:54:39.625 --> 00:54:40.200 align:middle line:90% Cool. 00:54:40.200 --> 00:54:43.110 align:middle line:84% I just wasn't quite sure about that, so that's really great. 00:54:43.110 --> 00:54:46.775 align:middle line:90% That's really interesting. 00:54:46.775 --> 00:54:49.550 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: I like the idea of playing up exactly 00:54:49.550 --> 00:54:50.910 align:middle line:90% who these two people were. 00:54:50.910 --> 00:54:58.580 align:middle line:84% Rather than two [INAUDIBLE] this is offset. 00:54:58.580 --> 00:55:00.124 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] can buy things. 00:55:00.124 --> 00:55:01.665 align:middle line:84% Maybe not in the middle the mountain. 00:55:01.665 --> 00:55:03.232 align:middle line:90% [LAUGHTER] 00:55:03.232 --> 00:55:05.190 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Actually, that's a really good thing. 00:55:05.190 --> 00:55:05.900 align:middle line:90% How much of this [INAUDIBLE]. 00:55:05.900 --> 00:55:07.210 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: You can start the game off 00:55:07.210 --> 00:55:08.501 align:middle line:90% at the base camp, or something. 00:55:08.501 --> 00:55:10.980 align:middle line:84% And you'd start out with a certain amount of money. 00:55:10.980 --> 00:55:13.316 align:middle line:84% And have to buy the various materials or something 00:55:13.316 --> 00:55:14.120 align:middle line:90% like that. 00:55:14.120 --> 00:55:17.600 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: There's a lot of stuff you can go in there. 00:55:17.600 --> 00:55:20.377 align:middle line:84% The 24 hour limit for oxygen asphyxiation, really 00:55:20.377 --> 00:55:21.460 align:middle line:90% interesting little detail. 00:55:21.460 --> 00:55:24.315 align:middle line:84% So really think about the levels of abstraction you're using, 00:55:24.315 --> 00:55:29.310 align:middle line:84% and how much you're abstracting away, how much [INAUDIBLE] Some 00:55:29.310 --> 00:55:33.090 align:middle line:84% of this, if you're going to do this 24 hour limit, then that 00:55:33.090 --> 00:55:35.589 align:middle line:84% might mean that you're focusing on the climb itself. 00:55:35.589 --> 00:55:37.380 align:middle line:84% You're not worried about how you got there. 00:55:37.380 --> 00:55:40.665 align:middle line:84% You're just setting the player up with all the materials 00:55:40.665 --> 00:55:43.200 align:middle line:90% they need to do it. 00:55:43.200 --> 00:55:45.290 align:middle line:84% Just be consistent throughout the game. 00:55:45.290 --> 00:55:48.257 align:middle line:84% What level of abstraction are you looking at? 00:55:48.257 --> 00:55:50.762 align:middle line:90% 00:55:50.762 --> 00:55:52.720 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: It's interesting that you brought up 00:55:52.720 --> 00:55:55.690 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] because that implies not only 00:55:55.690 --> 00:55:58.780 align:middle line:84% do you have to get to the top, you have to [INAUDIBLE] down. 00:55:58.780 --> 00:56:02.428 align:middle line:84% And possibly getting up to the top isn't the end of the game. 00:56:02.428 --> 00:56:06.740 align:middle line:90% 00:56:06.740 --> 00:56:09.637 align:middle line:84% And that again, comes back to [INAUDIBLE]. 00:56:09.637 --> 00:56:11.470 align:middle line:84% One of the things that he does, is make sure 00:56:11.470 --> 00:56:13.616 align:middle line:90% that this thing gets published. 00:56:13.616 --> 00:56:30.490 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] The environment does not necessarily need to be 00:56:30.490 --> 00:56:35.700 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] it could be another player. 00:56:35.700 --> 00:56:38.526 align:middle line:84% You could make it a two player versus one player game. 00:56:38.526 --> 00:56:41.050 align:middle line:90% [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:56:41.050 --> 00:56:45.000 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So when you said when you're positioning as a GM, 00:56:45.000 --> 00:56:47.790 align:middle line:84% the way we understand it, is that the GM's 00:56:47.790 --> 00:56:50.410 align:middle line:90% really disinterested. 00:56:50.410 --> 00:56:51.555 align:middle line:90% [INTERPOSING VOICES] 00:56:51.555 --> 00:56:53.930 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I compared it to the set where you're playing-- 00:56:53.930 --> 00:56:57.394 align:middle line:84% you're actually playing against the other person. 00:56:57.394 --> 00:56:59.560 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: There's more than rules enforcement then. 00:56:59.560 --> 00:57:02.550 align:middle line:84% Then you're actually working against-- 00:57:02.550 --> 00:57:05.940 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: There's a set of rules that everyone has to learn. 00:57:05.940 --> 00:57:08.232 align:middle line:84% Specified not like Dungeons and Dragons dungeon master, 00:57:08.232 --> 00:57:09.773 align:middle line:84% but where you're actually competitive 00:57:09.773 --> 00:57:11.070 align:middle line:90% against the other player. 00:57:11.070 --> 00:57:13.065 align:middle line:84% And there's a set of rules that you both have to work with. 00:57:13.065 --> 00:57:14.281 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: You might as well call that Dungeons 00:57:14.281 --> 00:57:15.263 align:middle line:90% and Mountains. 00:57:15.263 --> 00:57:18.670 align:middle line:90% 00:57:18.670 --> 00:57:20.472 align:middle line:90% Thank you, thank you. 00:57:20.472 --> 00:57:24.264 align:middle line:90% [APPLAUSE] 00:57:24.264 --> 00:57:39.574 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: [INAUDIBLE] of which [INAUDIBLE] 00:57:39.574 --> 00:57:43.067 align:middle line:90% [SIDE CONVERSATION] 00:57:43.067 --> 00:57:54.651 align:middle line:90% 00:57:54.651 --> 00:57:55.400 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: I'm Liz. 00:57:55.400 --> 00:57:56.233 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: I'm Laura. 00:57:56.233 --> 00:57:57.110 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Michael 00:57:57.110 --> 00:58:00.900 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: And we're pitching [INAUDIBLE] game [INAUDIBLE]. 00:58:00.900 --> 00:58:05.180 align:middle line:84% So a very relevant problem in modern day, 00:58:05.180 --> 00:58:08.720 align:middle line:84% is the lack of women in the tech industries. 00:58:08.720 --> 00:58:11.530 align:middle line:84% And how they're being generally harassed, 00:58:11.530 --> 00:58:14.090 align:middle line:84% and gaming culture, and things that 00:58:14.090 --> 00:58:16.910 align:middle line:90% are heavy tech-wise in general. 00:58:16.910 --> 00:58:22.040 align:middle line:84% And we're trying to address that by exploring that boss employee 00:58:22.040 --> 00:58:24.650 align:middle line:84% dynamic that women in the tech industry 00:58:24.650 --> 00:58:26.540 align:middle line:90% currently have to deal with. 00:58:26.540 --> 00:58:30.050 align:middle line:84% And very much the reason why women 00:58:30.050 --> 00:58:31.810 align:middle line:84% are averting the tech industry every day, 00:58:31.810 --> 00:58:34.860 align:middle line:84% 'cause it's just easier to do other things. 00:58:34.860 --> 00:58:36.710 align:middle line:84% So we're planning to do a live action role 00:58:36.710 --> 00:58:40.640 align:middle line:84% play to explore this relationship, where 00:58:40.640 --> 00:58:42.320 align:middle line:90% one player plays as the boss. 00:58:42.320 --> 00:58:47.180 align:middle line:84% And he has the ability to create a new rule every minute, 00:58:47.180 --> 00:58:48.650 align:middle line:90% or something like that. 00:58:48.650 --> 00:58:50.330 align:middle line:84% And one player plays as the employee, 00:58:50.330 --> 00:58:54.830 align:middle line:84% and she has to follow all the rules that the boss says. 00:58:54.830 --> 00:59:00.770 align:middle line:84% And maybe her ability to be productive 00:59:00.770 --> 00:59:04.370 align:middle line:84% is affected by certain phrases that the boss says. 00:59:04.370 --> 00:59:08.380 align:middle line:84% Which he's required to say, but he isn't sure-- 00:59:08.380 --> 00:59:12.630 align:middle line:84% he doesn't know that they might affect the person in this way. 00:59:12.630 --> 00:59:15.620 align:middle line:84% They are just on the character sheet. 00:59:15.620 --> 00:59:20.630 align:middle line:84% It would probably be a minimally re-playable game, 00:59:20.630 --> 00:59:23.060 align:middle line:84% unless we introduce new characters and new scenarios. 00:59:23.060 --> 00:59:30.710 align:middle line:84% And they'd be modular conditions on rules, introductions, 00:59:30.710 --> 00:59:33.020 align:middle line:90% and the way they respond. 00:59:33.020 --> 00:59:36.800 align:middle line:84% And both players will have goals that require the other player 00:59:36.800 --> 00:59:39.112 align:middle line:84% to cooperate in order to succeed. 00:59:39.112 --> 00:59:41.570 align:middle line:84% So they're going to have to learn to work together in order 00:59:41.570 --> 00:59:44.499 align:middle line:90% to accomplish their goals. 00:59:44.499 --> 00:59:46.040 align:middle line:84% So they have to learn to communicate, 00:59:46.040 --> 00:59:52.510 align:middle line:84% despite the rules making it hard for them to do so. 00:59:52.510 --> 00:59:54.760 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: In terms of search source material, 00:59:54.760 --> 00:59:57.370 align:middle line:84% there's currently a wealth of information 00:59:57.370 --> 00:59:59.230 align:middle line:84% on the internet about people bringing up 00:59:59.230 --> 01:00:01.806 align:middle line:84% this issue in the tech community. 01:00:01.806 --> 01:00:03.430 align:middle line:84% It's also something that's particularly 01:00:03.430 --> 01:00:07.630 align:middle line:84% relevant on MIT'S campus, just because so many people here 01:00:07.630 --> 01:00:09.940 align:middle line:90% will go into tech. 01:00:09.940 --> 01:00:12.940 align:middle line:84% And so for source material, we're looking at a lot of-- 01:00:12.940 --> 01:00:15.520 align:middle line:84% there have been a lot of recent articles written 01:00:15.520 --> 01:00:17.470 align:middle line:90% on the subject. 01:00:17.470 --> 01:00:20.050 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Also, I have a survey that I sent out 01:00:20.050 --> 01:00:23.950 align:middle line:84% for another project that I did, that's basically 01:00:23.950 --> 01:00:27.290 align:middle line:84% asking for women and the problems they 01:00:27.290 --> 01:00:28.660 align:middle line:90% encounter every day at work. 01:00:28.660 --> 01:00:30.505 align:middle line:84% And a lot of these are in the tech industry. 01:00:30.505 --> 01:00:32.380 align:middle line:84% And even if they're not in the tech industry, 01:00:32.380 --> 01:00:34.200 align:middle line:84% there's still boss-employee dynamics 01:00:34.200 --> 01:00:38.590 align:middle line:84% that we can use to further explore that topic. 01:00:38.590 --> 01:00:40.540 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So if we have the time, 01:00:40.540 --> 01:00:43.530 align:middle line:84% there's an alternative idea that we haven't had as much 01:00:43.530 --> 01:00:45.450 align:middle line:90% of a chance to discuss. 01:00:45.450 --> 01:00:49.450 align:middle line:84% It's a little less on the side of something 01:00:49.450 --> 01:00:53.020 align:middle line:84% that's an educational tool that's minimally re-playable, 01:00:53.020 --> 01:00:54.680 align:middle line:84% and you just play it once to try-- 01:00:54.680 --> 01:00:56.280 align:middle line:90% end up cooperating. 01:00:56.280 --> 01:01:00.690 align:middle line:84% And more for like, maybe toning down the message a little bit 01:01:00.690 --> 01:01:03.800 align:middle line:84% for the sake of making it more of a game. 01:01:03.800 --> 01:01:08.790 align:middle line:84% And the idea is similar, where the boss 01:01:08.790 --> 01:01:12.550 align:middle line:84% is in charge of the rules, as far as the employee goes. 01:01:12.550 --> 01:01:14.340 align:middle line:84% So that all of the rules that are 01:01:14.340 --> 01:01:16.740 align:middle line:84% in play for a particular section, 01:01:16.740 --> 01:01:21.270 align:middle line:84% are going to be given to the boss at the beginning, 01:01:21.270 --> 01:01:23.610 align:middle line:90% or over the course of the game. 01:01:23.610 --> 01:01:26.625 align:middle line:84% And the employee would be told only 01:01:26.625 --> 01:01:29.520 align:middle line:84% whatever the boss tells them, and penalized 01:01:29.520 --> 01:01:33.400 align:middle line:84% for whatever the boss decides to penalize them for. 01:01:33.400 --> 01:01:38.190 align:middle line:84% And there would be some sort of inadequate system 01:01:38.190 --> 01:01:46.970 align:middle line:90% for the employee to disagree. 01:01:46.970 --> 01:01:51.150 align:middle line:84% And overall, goals might be less cooperative, and more directly 01:01:51.150 --> 01:01:51.720 align:middle line:90% opposing. 01:01:51.720 --> 01:01:53.940 align:middle line:84% Where, for example, the employee's goal 01:01:53.940 --> 01:01:58.380 align:middle line:84% might be to get the boss fired without getting 01:01:58.380 --> 01:02:00.540 align:middle line:90% fired themselves first. 01:02:00.540 --> 01:02:02.820 align:middle line:84% And that's something that they might 01:02:02.820 --> 01:02:05.370 align:middle line:90% do that would let them do that. 01:02:05.370 --> 01:02:08.550 align:middle line:84% Like finding out things about the rules, 01:02:08.550 --> 01:02:11.760 align:middle line:84% might take their focus off of being productive, 01:02:11.760 --> 01:02:14.790 align:middle line:84% which would generally lead them to get fired. 01:02:14.790 --> 01:02:18.870 align:middle line:84% Whereas the boss's job, boss's goal, 01:02:18.870 --> 01:02:23.910 align:middle line:84% could be to end up with a golden parachute. 01:02:23.910 --> 01:02:28.350 align:middle line:84% End up being profitable, end up exploiting the employee, 01:02:28.350 --> 01:02:31.230 align:middle line:84% enough to live happily ever after on their own, 01:02:31.230 --> 01:02:33.300 align:middle line:90% and quit themselves. 01:02:33.300 --> 01:02:35.910 align:middle line:84% At a time where they have enough to just like, 01:02:35.910 --> 01:02:37.065 align:middle line:90% coast by for the rest-- 01:02:37.065 --> 01:02:40.810 align:middle line:90% 01:02:40.810 --> 01:02:45.250 align:middle line:84% If they get enough out of the employee 01:02:45.250 --> 01:02:47.310 align:middle line:84% before having to either fire them, 01:02:47.310 --> 01:02:51.120 align:middle line:84% or ending up in trouble themselves, 01:02:51.120 --> 01:02:53.085 align:middle line:84% that would be the other side that would 01:02:53.085 --> 01:02:54.342 align:middle line:90% be the success for the boss. 01:02:54.342 --> 01:03:01.650 align:middle line:90% 01:03:01.650 --> 01:03:02.530 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: OK. 01:03:02.530 --> 01:03:04.126 align:middle line:84% So is there anything else you want 01:03:04.126 --> 01:03:10.492 align:middle line:84% to get in [INAUDIBLE] Couple of things. 01:03:10.492 --> 01:03:17.790 align:middle line:84% It's [INAUDIBLE] nice to have the clarity of this is-- 01:03:17.790 --> 01:03:20.900 align:middle line:84% if you can specify your audience [INAUDIBLE]. 01:03:20.900 --> 01:03:26.478 align:middle line:90% 01:03:26.478 --> 01:03:28.386 align:middle line:84% You mention minimally re-playable. 01:03:28.386 --> 01:03:32.730 align:middle line:84% I'm wondering whether there's some value in playing it twice 01:03:32.730 --> 01:03:34.836 align:middle line:90% with inverted roles. 01:03:34.836 --> 01:03:36.160 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: That was considered. 01:03:36.160 --> 01:03:39.010 align:middle line:90% We meant that it's just-- 01:03:39.010 --> 01:03:40.645 align:middle line:84% if you keep playing as the employee, 01:03:40.645 --> 01:03:43.560 align:middle line:84% and you already know that you're being lied to. 01:03:43.560 --> 01:03:46.780 align:middle line:84% And even worse, if the rules stay the same, 01:03:46.780 --> 01:03:48.700 align:middle line:84% and you already know the rules, then that's 01:03:48.700 --> 01:03:50.315 align:middle line:84% completely defeating the purpose. 01:03:50.315 --> 01:03:51.690 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I mean, you could still 01:03:51.690 --> 01:03:56.290 align:middle line:84% play it to explore the relationship further, and maybe 01:03:56.290 --> 01:03:58.130 align:middle line:84% see what else you could have done. 01:03:58.130 --> 01:03:59.140 align:middle line:90% But fundamentally, 01:03:59.140 --> 01:04:03.835 align:middle line:90% [INTERPOSING VOICES] 01:04:03.835 --> 01:04:06.400 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE] because it's live action, 01:04:06.400 --> 01:04:08.810 align:middle line:84% because you're two people working together, 01:04:08.810 --> 01:04:10.180 align:middle line:90% talking about this stuff. 01:04:10.180 --> 01:04:12.430 align:middle line:84% Even if the rules are the same every time you play it, 01:04:12.430 --> 01:04:15.400 align:middle line:84% that other person is going to be different. 01:04:15.400 --> 01:04:16.900 align:middle line:84% I don't worry minimal replayability. 01:04:16.900 --> 01:04:18.960 align:middle line:90% It's very replayable. 01:04:18.960 --> 01:04:22.425 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: And definitely reusable, among-- 01:04:22.425 --> 01:04:24.298 align:middle line:84% in a training setting, absolutely. 01:04:24.298 --> 01:04:27.714 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] reusable. 01:04:27.714 --> 01:04:33.300 align:middle line:84% If you don't play it again, at least no matter what you do, 01:04:33.300 --> 01:04:38.073 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] how do you talk with each other 01:04:38.073 --> 01:04:39.462 align:middle line:90% after the game is over? 01:04:39.462 --> 01:04:45.200 align:middle line:84% And [INAUDIBLE] because that sort of helps people 01:04:45.200 --> 01:04:50.134 align:middle line:84% reflect on what they should have picked up 01:04:50.134 --> 01:04:51.425 align:middle line:90% while they're playing the game. 01:04:51.425 --> 01:04:55.707 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] thinking about how [INAUDIBLE] 01:04:55.707 --> 01:04:57.290 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Great thing for that, if you 01:04:57.290 --> 01:05:00.140 align:middle line:84% can do that without requiring a facilitator, 01:05:00.140 --> 01:05:02.090 align:middle line:84% you're already doing much better than a lot 01:05:02.090 --> 01:05:04.001 align:middle line:90% of the games in this sector. 01:05:04.001 --> 01:05:06.460 align:middle line:84% It gets your game a little bit more useful, a little more 01:05:06.460 --> 01:05:10.340 align:middle line:84% used, if your players can debrief each other. 01:05:10.340 --> 01:05:12.642 align:middle line:90% 01:05:12.642 --> 01:05:14.850 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: You describe specifically the relationship 01:05:14.850 --> 01:05:16.550 align:middle line:90% between a boss and an employee. 01:05:16.550 --> 01:05:19.170 align:middle line:90% And it seems like that-- 01:05:19.170 --> 01:05:21.980 align:middle line:90% 01:05:21.980 --> 01:05:26.567 align:middle line:84% I guess you should be clear whether all of the tension 01:05:26.567 --> 01:05:28.150 align:middle line:84% specifically between these two people, 01:05:28.150 --> 01:05:30.850 align:middle line:84% or whether also there's any abstraction of the college 01:05:30.850 --> 01:05:38.500 align:middle line:84% of [INAUDIBLE] Say in a stereotypical, male boss, 01:05:38.500 --> 01:05:41.200 align:middle line:84% female employee situation, there's 01:05:41.200 --> 01:05:43.810 align:middle line:84% a lot of culture supporting the male boss. 01:05:43.810 --> 01:05:50.220 align:middle line:84% That's not there [INAUDIBLE] so how do you put them together? 01:05:50.220 --> 01:05:53.950 align:middle line:84% The sort of touchy phrases thing reminds me a bit of Taboo. 01:05:53.950 --> 01:06:00.820 align:middle line:84% Which may not necessarily be a [INAUDIBLE] 01:06:00.820 --> 01:06:04.460 align:middle line:84% For research, micro-aggressions, I 01:06:04.460 --> 01:06:07.020 align:middle line:84% think is one thing that comes up a lot. 01:06:07.020 --> 01:06:11.410 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] you just [INAUDIBLE] get a lot of stuff. 01:06:11.410 --> 01:06:17.761 align:middle line:84% Not just gender, but also ethnic discrimination, disability, 01:06:17.761 --> 01:06:34.515 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] You can find a lot of material [INAUDIBLE] 01:06:34.515 --> 01:06:35.820 align:middle line:90% actually. 01:06:35.820 --> 01:06:36.702 align:middle line:90% Because-- 01:06:36.702 --> 01:06:38.160 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Just to make clear, those 01:06:38.160 --> 01:06:41.940 align:middle line:84% were the kind of very two, very separate-- 01:06:41.940 --> 01:06:44.950 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: For future-- for pitch-- don't pitch two ideas. 01:06:44.950 --> 01:06:47.380 align:middle line:84% I had a hard time following the second one. 01:06:47.380 --> 01:06:51.370 align:middle line:84% If you're going to pitch the second idea, a very simple two 01:06:51.370 --> 01:06:52.410 align:middle line:90% line-- 01:06:52.410 --> 01:06:55.880 align:middle line:84% and if we did this other way, this is how it would be. 01:06:55.880 --> 01:06:57.329 align:middle line:90% Enough to get it [INAUDIBLE] 01:06:57.329 --> 01:06:59.120 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I mean, it obviously came up here 01:06:59.120 --> 01:07:01.750 align:middle line:84% because we're not at the stage where we have one idea. 01:07:01.750 --> 01:07:04.880 align:middle line:90% 01:07:04.880 --> 01:07:07.470 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So we heard a great, clear idea 01:07:07.470 --> 01:07:10.360 align:middle line:84% that's still not specific, but pretty general. 01:07:10.360 --> 01:07:13.810 align:middle line:84% And then with this extra route, this alternate route, 01:07:13.810 --> 01:07:17.020 align:middle line:84% it's really just a matter of knowing a two line 01:07:17.020 --> 01:07:20.020 align:middle line:84% version of how is this different from the other, 01:07:20.020 --> 01:07:22.450 align:middle line:84% without having to go into detail on it. 01:07:22.450 --> 01:07:26.410 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Describing it, I think, as a variant, 01:07:26.410 --> 01:07:29.876 align:middle line:84% this is a very [INAUDIBLE] right now, 01:07:29.876 --> 01:07:32.422 align:middle line:84% rather than here's a second idea. 01:07:32.422 --> 01:07:33.630 align:middle line:90% This is just a general pitch. 01:07:33.630 --> 01:07:34.485 align:middle line:90% [INTERPOSING VOICES] 01:07:34.485 --> 01:07:36.860 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Talked about it, if you haven't talked about it 01:07:36.860 --> 01:07:41.380 align:middle line:90% enough, we don't need hear it. 01:07:41.380 --> 01:07:47.162 align:middle line:84% If you were trying to get money, [INAUDIBLE] 01:07:47.162 --> 01:07:48.870 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: But since you did bring it up, 01:07:48.870 --> 01:07:51.660 align:middle line:84% I do want to give my perspective from a design point of view. 01:07:51.660 --> 01:07:56.530 align:middle line:84% I think that actual competitive game might-- 01:07:56.530 --> 01:07:58.550 align:middle line:90% different goals is fine. 01:07:58.550 --> 01:08:04.770 align:middle line:84% But it's sort of like, opposed goals [INAUDIBLE] 01:08:04.770 --> 01:08:09.852 align:middle line:84% I think takes the game out of a situation that a lot of people 01:08:09.852 --> 01:08:10.810 align:middle line:90% can see [INAUDIBLE] in. 01:08:10.810 --> 01:08:12.450 align:middle line:84% But a lot of people don't actively 01:08:12.450 --> 01:08:15.330 align:middle line:84% want to get [INAUDIBLE] or at least don't 01:08:15.330 --> 01:08:17.279 align:middle line:90% see themselves that way. 01:08:17.279 --> 01:08:23.490 align:middle line:84% So just to be able to make a game where people can easily 01:08:23.490 --> 01:08:26.080 align:middle line:84% make connections to their real life, 01:08:26.080 --> 01:08:29.306 align:middle line:84% the goal should be a little bit closer to non-competitive 01:08:29.306 --> 01:08:32.124 align:middle line:84% even though it may not be a completely aligned goal. 01:08:32.124 --> 01:08:36.914 align:middle line:90% 01:08:36.914 --> 01:08:38.340 align:middle line:90% Any questions for us? 01:08:38.340 --> 01:08:40.550 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 01:08:40.550 --> 01:08:43.050 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: I had just another quick [INAUDIBLE] for research. 01:08:43.050 --> 01:08:46.740 align:middle line:84% We did an equal pay game [INAUDIBLE] two years ago, 01:08:46.740 --> 01:08:47.886 align:middle line:90% I think. 01:08:47.886 --> 01:08:50.729 align:middle line:84% And there were some interesting things 01:08:50.729 --> 01:08:53.880 align:middle line:84% that came up with like, talking about specific scenarios. 01:08:53.880 --> 01:09:01.000 align:middle line:84% So how does the fact that women don't necessarily-- 01:09:01.000 --> 01:09:03.464 align:middle line:84% at the time, it was thought people didn't have 01:09:03.464 --> 01:09:06.246 align:middle line:90% the data to get a pay raise. 01:09:06.246 --> 01:09:07.870 align:middle line:84% So maybe it was just a matter of, well, 01:09:07.870 --> 01:09:08.470 align:middle line:90% they don't have the data. 01:09:08.470 --> 01:09:11.095 align:middle line:84% So if we just give them the data, maybe it would help them. 01:09:11.095 --> 01:09:13.890 align:middle line:84% It's not much more complex than that. 01:09:13.890 --> 01:09:17.069 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] see what kind of scenarios are you going to do. 01:09:17.069 --> 01:09:18.527 align:middle line:84% Are they going to be very specific, 01:09:18.527 --> 01:09:20.880 align:middle line:84% like going to your employee to try and get something 01:09:20.880 --> 01:09:21.970 align:middle line:90% that you need? 01:09:21.970 --> 01:09:25.430 align:middle line:84% Or is it going to be what I think I heard, 01:09:25.430 --> 01:09:28.380 align:middle line:84% and correct me if I'm wrong, an employee going to a boss 01:09:28.380 --> 01:09:30.870 align:middle line:84% to try and just do the job they need to do. 01:09:30.870 --> 01:09:33.620 align:middle line:84% And the boss [INAUDIBLE] can get difficult for them to do it. 01:09:33.620 --> 01:09:39.426 align:middle line:90% 01:09:39.426 --> 01:09:40.800 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: There's a lot of stuff 01:09:40.800 --> 01:09:43.140 align:middle line:84% about how the same adjective, feelings, you 01:09:43.140 --> 01:09:45.470 align:middle line:84% use to describe a female professional 01:09:45.470 --> 01:09:48.939 align:middle line:84% or a male professional, it can be positive in one sense 01:09:48.939 --> 01:09:50.322 align:middle line:90% and negative in the other. 01:09:50.322 --> 01:09:52.166 align:middle line:90% It's the same word, literally. 01:09:52.166 --> 01:09:58.637 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] definitely [INAUDIBLE] 01:09:58.637 --> 01:10:00.470 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: And really good seeing you already 01:10:00.470 --> 01:10:04.210 align:middle line:84% did a survey of getting actual phrases that you can use, 01:10:04.210 --> 01:10:06.050 align:middle line:84% and actual perspective [INAUDIBLE] 01:10:06.050 --> 01:10:08.140 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So I guess I have a question. 01:10:08.140 --> 01:10:11.640 align:middle line:84% Which is, how would you recommend dealing with the fact 01:10:11.640 --> 01:10:15.051 align:middle line:84% that the players might not be the genders that they're 01:10:15.051 --> 01:10:15.550 align:middle line:90% playing? 01:10:15.550 --> 01:10:18.200 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: That could be a very valuable learning experience. 01:10:18.200 --> 01:10:19.080 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: No, I understand. 01:10:19.080 --> 01:10:21.060 align:middle line:84% I mean, the fact that if it even-- if you just 01:10:21.060 --> 01:10:22.590 align:middle line:90% said about the phrases. 01:10:22.590 --> 01:10:28.540 align:middle line:84% If you're having a conversation, and that word comes up, 01:10:28.540 --> 01:10:31.630 align:middle line:84% it just won't mean anything necessarily to someone. 01:10:31.630 --> 01:10:33.370 align:middle line:90% [INTERPOSING VOICES] 01:10:33.370 --> 01:10:34.990 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Game mechanic for that. 01:10:34.990 --> 01:10:38.164 align:middle line:84% If it's known that that word is going 01:10:38.164 --> 01:10:39.705 align:middle line:84% to have a positive or negative affect 01:10:39.705 --> 01:10:43.640 align:middle line:84% to that particular gender, then you 01:10:43.640 --> 01:10:46.780 align:middle line:90% make a mechanic around that. 01:10:46.780 --> 01:10:49.465 align:middle line:84% Your mechanics should support these things. 01:10:49.465 --> 01:10:52.440 align:middle line:84% There's times when you don't need a mechanic because players 01:10:52.440 --> 01:10:53.630 align:middle line:90% will all understand. 01:10:53.630 --> 01:10:55.350 align:middle line:84% But any game where you're talking 01:10:55.350 --> 01:10:58.030 align:middle line:84% about these kinds of cultural things, the mechanics 01:10:58.030 --> 01:11:01.826 align:middle line:84% kind of just help buttress the message. 01:11:01.826 --> 01:11:03.450 align:middle line:84% The things you're trying to get across. 01:11:03.450 --> 01:11:04.824 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Yeah, all the research 01:11:04.824 --> 01:11:07.470 align:middle line:84% implies [INAUDIBLE] game mechanics are just 01:11:07.470 --> 01:11:09.216 align:middle line:90% making the system obvious. 01:11:09.216 --> 01:11:11.650 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 01:11:11.650 --> 01:11:14.195 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: That stuff should just come out in debrief. 01:11:14.195 --> 01:11:15.570 align:middle line:84% Especially if you have two people 01:11:15.570 --> 01:11:18.642 align:middle line:84% with different genders and different experiences 01:11:18.642 --> 01:11:22.610 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 01:11:22.610 --> 01:11:26.578 align:middle line:90% [APPLAUSE] 01:11:26.578 --> 01:11:36.700 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: [INAUDIBLE] 01:11:36.700 --> 01:11:40.280 align:middle line:90% [SIDE CONVERSATION] 01:11:40.280 --> 01:11:51.834 align:middle line:90% 01:11:51.834 --> 01:11:53.750 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: We have a third group member, Damon, 01:11:53.750 --> 01:11:54.625 align:middle line:90% who's not here today. 01:11:54.625 --> 01:12:03.190 align:middle line:90% 01:12:03.190 --> 01:12:07.420 align:middle line:84% So our game mostly explores the dynamics 01:12:07.420 --> 01:12:09.892 align:middle line:84% of the sort of the balance of power 01:12:09.892 --> 01:12:12.100 align:middle line:84% that can occur when there's a bunch of-- when there's 01:12:12.100 --> 01:12:15.520 align:middle line:84% three people who are sort of all fearful of the others there. 01:12:15.520 --> 01:12:19.360 align:middle line:84% And how there's an unstable equilibrium there, 01:12:19.360 --> 01:12:27.250 align:middle line:84% where they're trying to keep up with the other two 01:12:27.250 --> 01:12:29.411 align:middle line:84% to make sure that no one gets far ahead of them. 01:12:29.411 --> 01:12:30.910 align:middle line:84% But the game's dynamics will be such 01:12:30.910 --> 01:12:35.450 align:middle line:84% that this is guaranteed to fail in the long run. 01:12:35.450 --> 01:12:41.080 align:middle line:84% In such, one of the things that players will have to do 01:12:41.080 --> 01:12:44.160 align:middle line:84% is try to realize when they have a large enough advantage 01:12:44.160 --> 01:12:46.430 align:middle line:84% to strike, and it's really about finding 01:12:46.430 --> 01:12:53.890 align:middle line:84% the moment of opportunity when they can make an attack that 01:12:53.890 --> 01:12:56.470 align:middle line:90% will work out well. 01:12:56.470 --> 01:12:59.770 align:middle line:84% They mostly explore some of the-- 01:12:59.770 --> 01:13:06.340 align:middle line:84% it's intended to be sort of a strategy game. 01:13:06.340 --> 01:13:10.450 align:middle line:84% But sort of lighter than some of the versions 01:13:10.450 --> 01:13:12.818 align:middle line:84% that cover similar topics that can take several hours. 01:13:12.818 --> 01:13:17.270 align:middle line:90% 01:13:17.270 --> 01:13:20.110 align:middle line:84% It's going to cover a lot of the historical trends 01:13:20.110 --> 01:13:21.070 align:middle line:90% around the time. 01:13:21.070 --> 01:13:24.700 align:middle line:84% So the conflict between populist reformers 01:13:24.700 --> 01:13:29.110 align:middle line:84% and the conservatives, and the rise of the equestrian class, 01:13:29.110 --> 01:13:35.750 align:middle line:84% and their importance as a power base to some of the leaders 01:13:35.750 --> 01:13:36.550 align:middle line:90% there. 01:13:36.550 --> 01:13:40.180 align:middle line:84% And also how the legions, the loyalties of legions 01:13:40.180 --> 01:13:44.320 align:middle line:84% was shifting from the Senate to individuals. 01:13:44.320 --> 01:13:46.780 align:middle line:84% Who are actually paying them, and giving them 01:13:46.780 --> 01:13:48.466 align:middle line:84% the lands that they would retire to. 01:13:48.466 --> 01:13:56.850 align:middle line:90% 01:13:56.850 --> 01:13:58.490 align:middle line:90% That's what this game covers. 01:13:58.490 --> 01:14:03.410 align:middle line:90% 01:14:03.410 --> 01:14:05.710 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Source material? 01:14:05.710 --> 01:14:10.630 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Source material is I took a class in Roman history, 01:14:10.630 --> 01:14:14.710 align:middle line:84% and it's mostly just stuff that I remember from that. 01:14:14.710 --> 01:14:16.780 align:middle line:84% I've looked at [INAUDIBLE] sources of lines 01:14:16.780 --> 01:14:23.320 align:middle line:84% for detailed stuff online, like the number of details 01:14:23.320 --> 01:14:26.170 align:middle line:84% of numbers of legions, and where they were stationed, 01:14:26.170 --> 01:14:27.119 align:middle line:90% and that's about it. 01:14:27.119 --> 01:14:33.010 align:middle line:90% 01:14:33.010 --> 01:14:36.820 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So we remember the games about the Tribunal. 01:14:36.820 --> 01:14:42.436 align:middle line:84% I don't remember what personal perspective it's from, 01:14:42.436 --> 01:14:44.060 align:middle line:84% so the pitch should have that in there. 01:14:44.060 --> 01:14:44.893 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: I'm sorry. 01:14:44.893 --> 01:14:53.546 align:middle line:90% 01:14:53.546 --> 01:14:55.670 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So you want to reiterate that [INAUDIBLE] 01:14:55.670 --> 01:14:57.044 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Yeah, I just completely 01:14:57.044 --> 01:15:00.450 align:middle line:84% forgot to like describe exactly what the game was. 01:15:00.450 --> 01:15:04.070 align:middle line:84% It's the [INAUDIBLE] members the First Triumvirate 01:15:04.070 --> 01:15:06.680 align:middle line:90% and they're all sort of-- 01:15:06.680 --> 01:15:09.770 align:middle line:84% Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus, and they're 01:15:09.770 --> 01:15:14.270 align:middle line:90% sort of jockeying for influence. 01:15:14.270 --> 01:15:16.850 align:middle line:84% And eventual plan to sort of of usurp the other team 01:15:16.850 --> 01:15:18.605 align:middle line:84% and to become the sole leader of Rome. 01:15:18.605 --> 01:15:23.540 align:middle line:90% 01:15:23.540 --> 01:15:27.520 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: For a pitch, you have to assume that the audience 01:15:27.520 --> 01:15:28.760 align:middle line:90% doesn't know that. 01:15:28.760 --> 01:15:30.930 align:middle line:84% The audience may have heard of Caesar, 01:15:30.930 --> 01:15:35.380 align:middle line:84% and not realize that at the time that your game is [INAUDIBLE], 01:15:35.380 --> 01:15:38.280 align:middle line:90% he's not in charge. 01:15:38.280 --> 01:15:40.240 align:middle line:90% Because everyone assumes-- 01:15:40.240 --> 01:15:42.135 align:middle line:90% Caesar means king, right? 01:15:42.135 --> 01:15:49.029 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] who is Pompey, who is Crassus-- 01:15:49.029 --> 01:15:49.820 align:middle line:90% especially Crassus. 01:15:49.820 --> 01:15:51.700 align:middle line:84% A lot of people haven't heard of him. 01:15:51.700 --> 01:15:56.570 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 01:15:56.570 --> 01:15:58.250 align:middle line:84% You talk a little about light strategy, 01:15:58.250 --> 01:16:01.010 align:middle line:84% and I wonder if that means it's still working? 01:16:01.010 --> 01:16:08.420 align:middle line:84% Or is it a little bit more of a political points type game? 01:16:08.420 --> 01:16:10.940 align:middle line:84% Do you expect it is going to be like a victory point base 01:16:10.940 --> 01:16:12.780 align:middle line:90% system? 01:16:12.780 --> 01:16:19.140 align:middle line:84% Or is it going to be more about military [INAUDIBLE] 01:16:19.140 --> 01:16:20.080 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE]. 01:16:20.080 --> 01:16:24.652 align:middle line:90% 01:16:24.652 --> 01:16:26.610 align:middle line:84% It's not going to have a victory points system. 01:16:26.610 --> 01:16:27.850 align:middle line:90% It's going to be sort of-- 01:16:27.850 --> 01:16:32.310 align:middle line:84% the way you win, is by crushing the other two players there. 01:16:32.310 --> 01:16:34.460 align:middle line:84% There are multiple paths that this can happen. 01:16:34.460 --> 01:16:39.120 align:middle line:90% 01:16:39.120 --> 01:16:41.986 align:middle line:84% You can get enough legions to become personally loyal to you, 01:16:41.986 --> 01:16:44.610 align:middle line:84% that you can just beat the other two people in the [INAUDIBLE]. 01:16:44.610 --> 01:16:47.540 align:middle line:84% Or you can gain enough support from various groups 01:16:47.540 --> 01:16:51.300 align:middle line:84% in the realm and that you really can just start to snowball. 01:16:51.300 --> 01:16:54.210 align:middle line:84% And you can have a tremendously large force 01:16:54.210 --> 01:16:58.290 align:middle line:84% that the other players can't deal with there. 01:16:58.290 --> 01:17:07.500 align:middle line:84% And it's going to be a war game, but with sort of more-- 01:17:07.500 --> 01:17:11.390 align:middle line:90% 01:17:11.390 --> 01:17:15.115 align:middle line:84% mostly what it is is action selection. 01:17:15.115 --> 01:17:17.240 align:middle line:84% And that the players will have a choice [INAUDIBLE] 01:17:17.240 --> 01:17:20.430 align:middle line:84% on their [INAUDIBLE] choice of actions that they can take. 01:17:20.430 --> 01:17:28.500 align:middle line:84% The game will probably be such that the players will 01:17:28.500 --> 01:17:32.310 align:middle line:84% go in order over about a 10 year period, 01:17:32.310 --> 01:17:33.450 align:middle line:90% or maybe a 15 year period. 01:17:33.450 --> 01:17:36.535 align:middle line:84% They'll have about four actions per year 01:17:36.535 --> 01:17:41.710 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] That's the sense that, for instance, 01:17:41.710 --> 01:17:43.350 align:middle line:84% if the players build new buildings, 01:17:43.350 --> 01:17:45.365 align:middle line:84% or conquer new problems, it makes more options available 01:17:45.365 --> 01:17:45.865 align:middle line:90% there. 01:17:45.865 --> 01:17:47.820 align:middle line:90% Also the struggle, if you-- 01:17:47.820 --> 01:17:49.805 align:middle line:84% depending on whether the optimize 01:17:49.805 --> 01:17:52.050 align:middle line:84% the conservative to the popular are the populous 01:17:52.050 --> 01:17:53.770 align:middle line:90% are sort of in power. 01:17:53.770 --> 01:17:56.910 align:middle line:84% Have more power, or different actions are available also. 01:17:56.910 --> 01:18:04.450 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So I just had maybe three different envisions, 01:18:04.450 --> 01:18:08.390 align:middle line:84% just from that last [INAUDIBLE] of what this game could be. 01:18:08.390 --> 01:18:11.200 align:middle line:84% On one hand, you describe it as a Roman war game. 01:18:11.200 --> 01:18:16.870 align:middle line:84% And I'm thinking units and pieces on a hex grid. 01:18:16.870 --> 01:18:20.199 align:middle line:90% 01:18:20.199 --> 01:18:21.740 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: It's very much you go and-- 01:18:21.740 --> 01:18:26.600 align:middle line:90% 01:18:26.600 --> 01:18:28.062 align:middle line:90% it's in what you take, sort of. 01:18:28.062 --> 01:18:30.270 align:middle line:84% It's very much [INAUDIBLE] where the players are just 01:18:30.270 --> 01:18:33.680 align:middle line:84% choosing if you want to go [INAUDIBLE] you just say, OK. 01:18:33.680 --> 01:18:36.362 align:middle line:84% I'm going to go launch an invasion of Gaul here. 01:18:36.362 --> 01:18:37.820 align:middle line:84% I'm going to take this [INAUDIBLE]. 01:18:37.820 --> 01:18:40.010 align:middle line:90% You have to prepare for it. 01:18:40.010 --> 01:18:43.557 align:middle line:84% You have to make sure that you have the position 01:18:43.557 --> 01:18:45.140 align:middle line:84% that you would go to do this, that you 01:18:45.140 --> 01:18:47.900 align:middle line:84% have the resources to raise the legions necessary there. 01:18:47.900 --> 01:18:50.390 align:middle line:84% You also might want to [INAUDIBLE] 01:18:50.390 --> 01:18:52.770 align:middle line:84% to call your veterans if you're successful. 01:18:52.770 --> 01:18:54.670 align:middle line:84% And then, once you launch [INAUDIBLE], 01:18:54.670 --> 01:18:56.540 align:middle line:84% there'd be a factor of luck to determine 01:18:56.540 --> 01:18:59.930 align:middle line:90% how successful you are there. 01:18:59.930 --> 01:19:04.350 align:middle line:84% And you would probably continue repeating the same few actions 01:19:04.350 --> 01:19:07.380 align:middle line:84% to continue your invasion for several years. 01:19:07.380 --> 01:19:09.895 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: And that gives me a completely different image 01:19:09.895 --> 01:19:11.360 align:middle line:90% of what your game is. 01:19:11.360 --> 01:19:18.920 align:middle line:84% Which is more of a collecting resources [INAUDIBLE] tokens. 01:19:18.920 --> 01:19:24.260 align:middle line:84% That's the second image [INAUDIBLE] 01:19:24.260 --> 01:19:25.790 align:middle line:84% And then you said action selection. 01:19:25.790 --> 01:19:31.590 align:middle line:84% And I'm thinking that [INAUDIBLE] like a card game. 01:19:31.590 --> 01:19:35.440 align:middle line:84% Almost like a game where these that I 01:19:35.440 --> 01:19:36.580 align:middle line:90% could be doing right now. 01:19:36.580 --> 01:19:45.890 align:middle line:84% Maybe [INAUDIBLE] if you get say, if you [INAUDIBLE]. 01:19:45.890 --> 01:19:48.680 align:middle line:90% 01:19:48.680 --> 01:19:55.510 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: The actions will be normal in [INAUDIBLE] global 01:19:55.510 --> 01:19:56.070 align:middle line:90% there. 01:19:56.070 --> 01:20:03.440 align:middle line:84% So in the sense that if the populous are in power there, 01:20:03.440 --> 01:20:07.920 align:middle line:84% there is a set of actions that you can take 01:20:07.920 --> 01:20:09.097 align:middle line:90% is sort of different. 01:20:09.097 --> 01:20:11.180 align:middle line:84% Because the political possibilities are different. 01:20:11.180 --> 01:20:13.030 align:middle line:84% Because the political [INAUDIBLE] So like, 01:20:13.030 --> 01:20:14.210 align:middle line:84% if the populous are in power, it's 01:20:14.210 --> 01:20:16.543 align:middle line:84% much easier to get land for your veterans, for instance. 01:20:16.543 --> 01:20:18.260 align:middle line:90% 01:20:18.260 --> 01:20:20.176 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So you still have the same actions, 01:20:20.176 --> 01:20:24.306 align:middle line:90% but how hard it is [INAUDIBLE] 01:20:24.306 --> 01:20:26.680 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Some of them might get grayed out or something. 01:20:26.680 --> 01:20:29.160 align:middle line:90% [INTERPOSING VOICES] 01:20:29.160 --> 01:20:30.660 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Specifically, what happens 01:20:30.660 --> 01:20:33.020 align:middle line:84% is as the [INAUDIBLE] has mentioned, that the actions 01:20:33.020 --> 01:20:34.736 align:middle line:90% will sort of flip over there. 01:20:34.736 --> 01:20:36.860 align:middle line:84% Like instead of the populace being able to do this, 01:20:36.860 --> 01:20:38.844 align:middle line:84% instead, you're able to get conservatives 01:20:38.844 --> 01:20:39.760 align:middle line:90% to do this [INAUDIBLE] 01:20:39.760 --> 01:20:42.164 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So I think [INAUDIBLE] of what 01:20:42.164 --> 01:20:43.330 align:middle line:90% your game's gonna look like. 01:20:43.330 --> 01:20:46.720 align:middle line:84% But that's something you want to get across in the pitch. 01:20:46.720 --> 01:20:49.760 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] board, you could use hand gestures, 01:20:49.760 --> 01:20:51.930 align:middle line:90% like you just did. 01:20:51.930 --> 01:20:53.710 align:middle line:90% Referencing other games. 01:20:53.710 --> 01:20:57.560 align:middle line:84% Just so that when you're talking about the game, 01:20:57.560 --> 01:20:59.980 align:middle line:84% you're trying to help me see it in my head. 01:20:59.980 --> 01:21:09.766 align:middle line:90% [INAUDIBLE] 01:21:09.766 --> 01:21:11.140 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: One of the last things. 01:21:11.140 --> 01:21:13.500 align:middle line:84% So we're going to have three players. 01:21:13.500 --> 01:21:17.490 align:middle line:84% Each be one member of the Triumvirate. 01:21:17.490 --> 01:21:21.050 align:middle line:84% I imagine each of those historical people 01:21:21.050 --> 01:21:24.770 align:middle line:84% had different perspectives of how they saw things. 01:21:24.770 --> 01:21:26.309 align:middle line:90% Were they equal? 01:21:26.309 --> 01:21:27.600 align:middle line:90% They had different backgrounds? 01:21:27.600 --> 01:21:31.380 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: The game is going to be portraying them 01:21:31.380 --> 01:21:38.490 align:middle line:84% as having equal views, the same goals, the same views, 01:21:38.490 --> 01:21:40.730 align:middle line:84% the same perspectives, and everything. 01:21:40.730 --> 01:21:42.120 align:middle line:90% But it treats them different. 01:21:42.120 --> 01:21:44.160 align:middle line:84% They will have different starting resources, 01:21:44.160 --> 01:21:46.410 align:middle line:84% and different advantages and disadvantages as the game 01:21:46.410 --> 01:21:47.040 align:middle line:90% goes through. 01:21:47.040 --> 01:21:51.330 align:middle line:84% So like Crassus will have more money, 01:21:51.330 --> 01:21:54.480 align:middle line:84% and [INAUDIBLE] money, for instance. 01:21:54.480 --> 01:22:00.280 align:middle line:84% I imagined that Pompey will start with a lot more influence 01:22:00.280 --> 01:22:01.119 align:middle line:90% than the others. 01:22:01.119 --> 01:22:03.202 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Is there a historical or realistic basis 01:22:03.202 --> 01:22:04.460 align:middle line:90% for any of that? 01:22:04.460 --> 01:22:05.610 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: Yeah. 01:22:05.610 --> 01:22:09.030 align:middle line:84% Crassus is often called the richest man in history there. 01:22:09.030 --> 01:22:13.470 align:middle line:84% He is known for just acquiring such just massive-- 01:22:13.470 --> 01:22:16.900 align:middle line:84% he had more money than basically the Roman government. 01:22:16.900 --> 01:22:19.760 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So that's going to at least help him 01:22:19.760 --> 01:22:23.190 align:middle line:84% with the players starting position. 01:22:23.190 --> 01:22:27.430 align:middle line:84% Did that wealth-- is that wealth then 01:22:27.430 --> 01:22:29.426 align:middle line:84% carried over to the kind of actions 01:22:29.426 --> 01:22:31.670 align:middle line:84% that he's able to do historically? 01:22:31.670 --> 01:22:33.710 align:middle line:84% Or was it really just setting up? 01:22:33.710 --> 01:22:36.000 align:middle line:90% AUDIENCE: It's going to offer-- 01:22:36.000 --> 01:22:39.330 align:middle line:84% I haven't said whether or not that will offer him 01:22:39.330 --> 01:22:41.700 align:middle line:84% bonuses towards acquiring wealth, or whether or not he 01:22:41.700 --> 01:22:44.130 align:middle line:84% will just have more wealth at the start of the game there. 01:22:44.130 --> 01:22:46.600 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: From our point of view, for the assignment, 01:22:46.600 --> 01:22:48.230 align:middle line:84% we're really interested in seeing 01:22:48.230 --> 01:22:50.200 align:middle line:90% the personal perspectives. 01:22:50.200 --> 01:22:55.700 align:middle line:84% So you could do the generic, they're each an equal person. 01:22:55.700 --> 01:22:58.007 align:middle line:84% It'd be more interesting for us to see 01:22:58.007 --> 01:23:01.102 align:middle line:84% be a reflection of the actual personage. 01:23:01.102 --> 01:23:02.560 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: The differences, I think, 01:23:02.560 --> 01:23:05.160 align:middle line:84% are really going to shape their strategy, 01:23:05.160 --> 01:23:07.250 align:middle line:90% and how they start the play. 01:23:07.250 --> 01:23:12.810 align:middle line:84% So is for instance, in Caesar will have sort of have a bonus 01:23:12.810 --> 01:23:15.696 align:middle line:84% towards campaigning, or not necessarily 01:23:15.696 --> 01:23:17.070 align:middle line:84% bonus towards military invasions, 01:23:17.070 --> 01:23:19.910 align:middle line:84% but making his legions loyal to him. 01:23:19.910 --> 01:23:21.840 align:middle line:84% His legions become loyal to him quicker. 01:23:21.840 --> 01:23:25.700 align:middle line:84% I'm not sure which of these is sort of-- 01:23:25.700 --> 01:23:27.540 align:middle line:84% and Pompey will sort of start out 01:23:27.540 --> 01:23:30.150 align:middle line:84% with more powerful and prestigious than the others. 01:23:30.150 --> 01:23:33.030 align:middle line:84% But during the first several years of the alliance 01:23:33.030 --> 01:23:36.270 align:middle line:84% there, he was obsessed with his wife, Julia, 01:23:36.270 --> 01:23:39.510 align:middle line:84% who was Caesar's daughter that he had married there. 01:23:39.510 --> 01:23:46.140 align:middle line:84% And he was neglecting lots of his responsibilities because 01:23:46.140 --> 01:23:47.040 align:middle line:90% of his wife there. 01:23:47.040 --> 01:23:49.980 align:middle line:84% So he will probably have penalties, 01:23:49.980 --> 01:23:52.372 align:middle line:84% he would miss every forth action, or something. 01:23:52.372 --> 01:23:54.330 align:middle line:84% He starts off in a much more powerful position, 01:23:54.330 --> 01:23:56.460 align:middle line:84% and he sort of has to use limited actions 01:23:56.460 --> 01:24:00.130 align:middle line:84% to try to not fall behind in the earlier part of the game. 01:24:00.130 --> 01:24:03.060 align:middle line:84% So [INAUDIBLE] these players sort of have the same goals, 01:24:03.060 --> 01:24:05.802 align:middle line:84% but these small differences are going 01:24:05.802 --> 01:24:07.760 align:middle line:84% to cause them to take very different strategies 01:24:07.760 --> 01:24:08.629 align:middle line:90% oftentimes. 01:24:08.629 --> 01:24:10.420 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So I'm actually going to suggest 01:24:10.420 --> 01:24:13.300 align:middle line:84% that the differences are what the game should be built on, 01:24:13.300 --> 01:24:16.837 align:middle line:84% not the bedrock of similar [INAUDIBLE]. 01:24:16.837 --> 01:24:18.420 align:middle line:84% It seems to me that you are describing 01:24:18.420 --> 01:24:23.775 align:middle line:84% that there is an objective reality which all three of them 01:24:23.775 --> 01:24:26.400 align:middle line:84% agree on and are just playing on this field 01:24:26.400 --> 01:24:29.710 align:middle line:84% with their individual advantages. 01:24:29.710 --> 01:24:36.860 align:middle line:84% But I'm going to suggest that you start from the differences. 01:24:36.860 --> 01:24:39.780 align:middle line:84% Start from the fact that one of them's richer than everybody 01:24:39.780 --> 01:24:43.040 align:middle line:84% else, one of them's more loved than everybody else, 01:24:43.040 --> 01:24:49.410 align:middle line:84% and one of them just [INAUDIBLE] And then you can just-- 01:24:49.410 --> 01:24:52.440 align:middle line:84% what if the game is all about those differences, 01:24:52.440 --> 01:24:57.120 align:middle line:84% rather than everything else that was involved [INAUDIBLE]. 01:24:57.120 --> 01:24:59.130 align:middle line:84% Because then we get a little bit closer 01:24:59.130 --> 01:25:03.010 align:middle line:84% for how these three particular people see the world, rather 01:25:03.010 --> 01:25:07.250 align:middle line:90% than [INAUDIBLE] 01:25:07.250 --> 01:25:09.900 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: The thing is, I really like a lot of the differences, 01:25:09.900 --> 01:25:16.810 align:middle line:84% the sort of [INAUDIBLE] and to have these differences, 01:25:16.810 --> 01:25:21.030 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] I intend to have these bonuses that are really 01:25:21.030 --> 01:25:22.832 align:middle line:90% not going to be-- 01:25:22.832 --> 01:25:24.540 align:middle line:84% they're just going to be one [INAUDIBLE], 01:25:24.540 --> 01:25:25.769 align:middle line:90% something fairly simple. 01:25:25.769 --> 01:25:28.185 align:middle line:84% But will cause the players to be playing almost completely 01:25:28.185 --> 01:25:28.851 align:middle line:90% different games. 01:25:28.851 --> 01:25:30.660 align:middle line:84% Where Crassus is basically trying 01:25:30.660 --> 01:25:33.930 align:middle line:84% to take actions that are just [INAUDIBLE] 01:25:33.930 --> 01:25:42.390 align:middle line:84% is basically going to try to acquire lots of money, 01:25:42.390 --> 01:25:45.170 align:middle line:84% and then use it to brute force his way through money. 01:25:45.170 --> 01:25:48.640 align:middle line:84% Try to brute force his way to get the most efficient ways 01:25:48.640 --> 01:25:52.320 align:middle line:90% to use this, or try to-- 01:25:52.320 --> 01:25:54.540 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Set it up to be [INAUDIBLE] it's 01:25:54.540 --> 01:26:00.770 align:middle line:90% not just [INAUDIBLE] project. 01:26:00.770 --> 01:26:04.400 align:middle line:84% It really should be all three players end up playing very 01:26:04.400 --> 01:26:06.774 align:middle line:90% different games, [INAUDIBLE] 01:26:06.774 --> 01:26:08.440 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: That's definitely [INAUDIBLE]. 01:26:08.440 --> 01:26:09.655 align:middle line:90% Like Caesar's going to be-- 01:26:09.655 --> 01:26:12.180 align:middle line:90% 01:26:12.180 --> 01:26:13.660 align:middle line:84% he has the potential, but he needs 01:26:13.660 --> 01:26:16.999 align:middle line:84% to be able to get the resources so that he can start-- 01:26:16.999 --> 01:26:18.290 align:middle line:90% that he can really [INAUDIBLE]. 01:26:18.290 --> 01:26:20.750 align:middle line:84% Whereas like Pompey has this power 01:26:20.750 --> 01:26:24.280 align:middle line:84% and is basically going to be trying to consolidate it. 01:26:24.280 --> 01:26:26.620 align:middle line:84% And try to threaten the other team's growth, 01:26:26.620 --> 01:26:30.020 align:middle line:84% and threatening the growth of the other two. 01:26:30.020 --> 01:26:33.485 align:middle line:90% 01:26:33.485 --> 01:26:34.475 align:middle line:90% Thank you. 01:26:34.475 --> 01:26:43.190 align:middle line:90% [APPLAUSE] 01:26:43.190 --> 01:26:47.720 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: So that was probably as good a time 01:26:47.720 --> 01:26:50.320 align:middle line:90% as any to take a short break. 01:26:50.320 --> 01:26:54.410 align:middle line:84% We'll have about-- these games generally don't 01:26:54.410 --> 01:26:57.650 align:middle line:90% take more than 45 minutes. 01:26:57.650 --> 01:27:03.020 align:middle line:84% So these are related to the reading that of space control. 01:27:03.020 --> 01:27:06.800 align:middle line:84% Not so many chase games, mostly control games. 01:27:06.800 --> 01:27:08.330 align:middle line:84% And although, Ticket to Ride I guess 01:27:08.330 --> 01:27:14.150 align:middle line:84% has some sort of set building in there as well. 01:27:14.150 --> 01:27:15.460 align:middle line:90% Play through the game. 01:27:15.460 --> 01:27:17.626 align:middle line:84% It seems like a lot of people didn't do the reading, 01:27:17.626 --> 01:27:20.120 align:middle line:84% so I'm not so sure how much context they give you. 01:27:20.120 --> 01:27:23.080 align:middle line:90% But I do still want you to. 01:27:23.080 --> 01:27:25.970 align:middle line:84% End up having played a wide range of games 01:27:25.970 --> 01:27:27.970 align:middle line:90% before the end of the semester. 01:27:27.970 --> 01:27:33.346 align:middle line:84% And then at about 3:30 I guess, a little before 3:30, we'll 01:27:33.346 --> 01:27:34.970 align:middle line:84% bring in the prototyping boxes, and you 01:27:34.970 --> 01:27:37.230 align:middle line:84% can spend the rest of the class working in your teams. 01:27:37.230 --> 01:27:39.950 align:middle line:90% 01:27:39.950 --> 01:27:42.160 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Go over this again really quick? 01:27:42.160 --> 01:27:43.910 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: So Panic Station is a little bit 01:27:43.910 --> 01:27:46.820 align:middle line:84% of a-- it's got a lot of trader mechanic. 01:27:46.820 --> 01:27:50.379 align:middle line:84% You are trying to survive in a space station, 01:27:50.379 --> 01:27:51.170 align:middle line:90% but there's aliens. 01:27:51.170 --> 01:27:52.711 align:middle line:84% And they're infecting you, and you're 01:27:52.711 --> 01:27:55.189 align:middle line:90% going to infect the others too. 01:27:55.189 --> 01:27:57.230 align:middle line:84% [INAUDIBLE] is another one of those path building 01:27:57.230 --> 01:27:59.960 align:middle line:84% games that has area control, and other things like that. 01:27:59.960 --> 01:28:05.000 align:middle line:84% French, medieval towns, [INAUDIBLE] 01:28:05.000 --> 01:28:07.060 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: Through the Desert, it's 01:28:07.060 --> 01:28:10.115 align:middle line:90% kind of like mapping paths. 01:28:10.115 --> 01:28:13.280 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: Path building, mapping, 01:28:13.280 --> 01:28:18.680 align:middle line:84% you're creating basically a supply chain line of camels 01:28:18.680 --> 01:28:19.970 align:middle line:90% through the desert. 01:28:19.970 --> 01:28:22.310 align:middle line:90% It's a [INAUDIBLE] game. 01:28:22.310 --> 01:28:24.416 align:middle line:90% I've not played [? Purple. ?] 01:28:24.416 --> 01:28:30.225 align:middle line:90% [INTERPOSING VOICES] 01:28:30.225 --> 01:28:31.850 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: And every one of these games 01:28:31.850 --> 01:28:36.530 align:middle line:84% that we put up so far, these three games 01:28:36.530 --> 01:28:39.440 align:middle line:84% are all about putting tiles down. 01:28:39.440 --> 01:28:41.990 align:middle line:90% This one is more about putting-- 01:28:41.990 --> 01:28:43.830 align:middle line:84% I was going to say putting dues down, 01:28:43.830 --> 01:28:46.790 align:middle line:84% but really you're putting down camels. 01:28:46.790 --> 01:28:48.007 align:middle line:90% They're really cute camels. 01:28:48.007 --> 01:28:49.590 align:middle line:84% AUDIENCE: This is putting down trains, 01:28:49.590 --> 01:28:52.560 align:middle line:84% but you're putting them down creating sets. 01:28:52.560 --> 01:28:57.150 align:middle line:84% To create matching sets of train. 01:28:57.150 --> 01:28:58.250 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Cool. 01:28:58.250 --> 01:28:59.860 align:middle line:90% All right. 01:28:59.860 --> 01:29:04.120 align:middle line:90%