WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.968 align:middle line:90% [SQUEAKING] 00:00:01.968 --> 00:00:03.936 align:middle line:90% [RUSTLING] 00:00:03.936 --> 00:00:06.888 align:middle line:90% [CLICKING] 00:00:06.888 --> 00:00:16.760 align:middle line:90% 00:00:16.760 --> 00:00:20.200 align:middle line:84% PROFESSOR: And our next speaker is Mark Metzner 00:00:20.200 --> 00:00:21.740 align:middle line:90% from Endurant Energy. 00:00:21.740 --> 00:00:24.240 align:middle line:84% And he's going to talk about codes and standards 00:00:24.240 --> 00:00:27.060 align:middle line:84% for geothermal heat pumps and networks. 00:00:27.060 --> 00:00:28.060 align:middle line:90% MARK METZNER: Thank you. 00:00:28.060 --> 00:00:28.660 align:middle line:90% I got mine. 00:00:28.660 --> 00:00:31.560 align:middle line:90% I do have now. 00:00:31.560 --> 00:00:34.520 align:middle line:84% Good morning, and I want to thank HEAT and MIT 00:00:34.520 --> 00:00:36.380 align:middle line:90% for putting this meeting on. 00:00:36.380 --> 00:00:40.400 align:middle line:84% I think it's absolutely vital that this audience understands 00:00:40.400 --> 00:00:45.040 align:middle line:84% what is happening now and where things are potentially going. 00:00:45.040 --> 00:00:47.040 align:middle line:84% I'm going to talk to you about the scintillating 00:00:47.040 --> 00:00:48.820 align:middle line:90% topic of codes and standards. 00:00:48.820 --> 00:00:52.820 align:middle line:84% I'm sure you're on edge, but they're good to have. 00:00:52.820 --> 00:00:54.900 align:middle line:90% You have to have standards. 00:00:54.900 --> 00:00:59.420 align:middle line:84% And just as a note, a standard and a code actually, 00:00:59.420 --> 00:01:04.650 align:middle line:84% but a standard in particular, lays out minimum standards, OK. 00:01:04.650 --> 00:01:08.550 align:middle line:84% So don't think this is the gold standard as far as what 00:01:08.550 --> 00:01:10.710 align:middle line:90% you could do in a system. 00:01:10.710 --> 00:01:13.490 align:middle line:84% Now, that's up to a designer, engineer et cetera. 00:01:13.490 --> 00:01:14.990 align:middle line:84% These are the minimums that you have 00:01:14.990 --> 00:01:17.870 align:middle line:84% to adhere to be compliant to this standard, which 00:01:17.870 --> 00:01:22.750 align:middle line:84% is the C448 standard, which is applicable in the United States 00:01:22.750 --> 00:01:24.950 align:middle line:90% and Canada. 00:01:24.950 --> 00:01:27.710 align:middle line:90% It actually worked, excellent. 00:01:27.710 --> 00:01:30.630 align:middle line:84% This became a binational standard between the United 00:01:30.630 --> 00:01:33.230 align:middle line:90% States and Canada in 2016. 00:01:33.230 --> 00:01:36.830 align:middle line:84% At that juncture, it was a bit of a milestone 00:01:36.830 --> 00:01:39.730 align:middle line:84% to get the two countries actually to agree to things. 00:01:39.730 --> 00:01:44.710 align:middle line:84% So the background on that, quickly, was in 2014, 00:01:44.710 --> 00:01:46.910 align:middle line:90% is when the process started. 00:01:46.910 --> 00:01:50.210 align:middle line:84% And we gathered experts in North and South of the border, 00:01:50.210 --> 00:01:56.150 align:middle line:84% approximately, at that time, 45, to formulate the 2016 standard. 00:01:56.150 --> 00:01:59.030 align:middle line:84% Since that time, the standard has 00:01:59.030 --> 00:02:01.350 align:middle line:90% to go through a revision cycle. 00:02:01.350 --> 00:02:05.350 align:middle line:84% Unfortunately, COVID hit and put a pause on that. 00:02:05.350 --> 00:02:09.210 align:middle line:84% So this should have been done in 2021 as a new standard. 00:02:09.210 --> 00:02:11.009 align:middle line:90% It'll now be 2025. 00:02:11.009 --> 00:02:14.470 align:middle line:84% We had to reaffirm this standard to allow us to continue work 00:02:14.470 --> 00:02:16.190 align:middle line:90% on the new standard. 00:02:16.190 --> 00:02:20.590 align:middle line:84% That new standard encompassed over 70 subject matter experts, 00:02:20.590 --> 00:02:23.880 align:middle line:84% north and south of the border, as well as from Europe and Asia. 00:02:23.880 --> 00:02:26.910 align:middle line:90% 00:02:26.910 --> 00:02:29.090 align:middle line:84% There's a difference between a code and a standard, 00:02:29.090 --> 00:02:32.990 align:middle line:84% and I think it's important that people understand that. 00:02:32.990 --> 00:02:34.250 align:middle line:90% They get mixed up. 00:02:34.250 --> 00:02:36.990 align:middle line:84% They think they're all the same thing, and they're not. 00:02:36.990 --> 00:02:42.270 align:middle line:84% A standard is a voluntary set of guidelines or prerequisites 00:02:42.270 --> 00:02:44.110 align:middle line:90% that you adhere to. 00:02:44.110 --> 00:02:46.510 align:middle line:90% You can do it or not do it. 00:02:46.510 --> 00:02:49.230 align:middle line:84% You can say, my system, my geothermal system 00:02:49.230 --> 00:02:54.430 align:middle line:84% will be C448 compliant, which means you follow the standard. 00:02:54.430 --> 00:02:56.750 align:middle line:90% You don't have to do that. 00:02:56.750 --> 00:02:57.610 align:middle line:90% In Canada. 00:02:57.610 --> 00:02:59.250 align:middle line:90% I'll get to in a moment, you do. 00:02:59.250 --> 00:03:00.680 align:middle line:90% In the United States, you don't. 00:03:00.680 --> 00:03:05.380 align:middle line:84% There's a difference between the countries, as we all well know. 00:03:05.380 --> 00:03:10.640 align:middle line:84% However, a standard can become a code if the code body adopts it. 00:03:10.640 --> 00:03:12.940 align:middle line:84% So as an example, here in the US, 00:03:12.940 --> 00:03:17.260 align:middle line:84% you have code bodies like ICC, IAPMO. 00:03:17.260 --> 00:03:21.140 align:middle line:84% If they adopt this standard, then it becomes code. 00:03:21.140 --> 00:03:23.160 align:middle line:90% Code basically becomes law. 00:03:23.160 --> 00:03:25.760 align:middle line:84% So that's the genesis of how it works. 00:03:25.760 --> 00:03:28.300 align:middle line:84% And again, there's confusion out there. 00:03:28.300 --> 00:03:29.640 align:middle line:90% But I want it to be clear. 00:03:29.640 --> 00:03:33.020 align:middle line:84% That's how this works between a code and a standard. 00:03:33.020 --> 00:03:37.340 align:middle line:84% Quickly, in Canada, it's the C448 standard 00:03:37.340 --> 00:03:39.740 align:middle line:84% and its various iterations before, 00:03:39.740 --> 00:03:45.260 align:middle line:84% which was C445, C447 date back to 1992. 00:03:45.260 --> 00:03:47.880 align:middle line:84% And that's in the National Building Code of Canada. 00:03:47.880 --> 00:03:51.180 align:middle line:84% So in Canada, we have one code for the whole country. 00:03:51.180 --> 00:03:55.100 align:middle line:84% And then that can be modified, province by province, 00:03:55.100 --> 00:03:56.520 align:middle line:90% with limitations. 00:03:56.520 --> 00:03:58.700 align:middle line:84% You can only modify it so far, and that 00:03:58.700 --> 00:04:02.260 align:middle line:84% can be dropped down to the city or municipal level as well. 00:04:02.260 --> 00:04:06.220 align:middle line:84% So it's a bit of a different approach between Canada 00:04:06.220 --> 00:04:08.820 align:middle line:90% and United States. 00:04:08.820 --> 00:04:14.940 align:middle line:84% If one of the code bodies, like I say an IAPMO or an ICC adopts 00:04:14.940 --> 00:04:17.720 align:middle line:84% this code, then where they have jurisdiction, 00:04:17.720 --> 00:04:20.000 align:middle line:84% it becomes quote unquote "the law of the land." 00:04:20.000 --> 00:04:22.860 align:middle line:84% And if you're putting a geothermal system in and either 00:04:22.860 --> 00:04:26.980 align:middle line:84% one of those bodies adopt, this is what you're going to quote 00:04:26.980 --> 00:04:28.200 align:middle line:90% unquote, "have to do." 00:04:28.200 --> 00:04:31.540 align:middle line:90% 00:04:31.540 --> 00:04:33.620 align:middle line:84% Quickly, we're not going to go through all this 00:04:33.620 --> 00:04:36.380 align:middle line:84% because I got 10 minutes, and how much have 00:04:36.380 --> 00:04:38.060 align:middle line:90% I burned through already? 00:04:38.060 --> 00:04:39.165 align:middle line:90% Too much, OK. 00:04:39.165 --> 00:04:40.135 align:middle line:90% [LAUGHTER] 00:04:40.135 --> 00:04:44.940 align:middle line:84% What we did is, as a technical committee, we gathered all 00:04:44.940 --> 00:04:48.712 align:middle line:84% of the subject matter experts that we could 00:04:48.712 --> 00:04:51.820 align:middle line:84% that were recommended to us, et cetera, 00:04:51.820 --> 00:04:54.600 align:middle line:84% looked at the 2016 standard, and said, all right, 00:04:54.600 --> 00:04:55.720 align:middle line:90% where are the gaps? 00:04:55.720 --> 00:04:57.020 align:middle line:90% Where are the holes? 00:04:57.020 --> 00:04:58.100 align:middle line:90% And there were. 00:04:58.100 --> 00:05:01.090 align:middle line:84% And the reason why that happened is getting 00:05:01.090 --> 00:05:03.410 align:middle line:84% two countries together to agree on something 00:05:03.410 --> 00:05:05.950 align:middle line:84% is not easy, as you can probably imagine. 00:05:05.950 --> 00:05:08.770 align:middle line:84% So there was compromise, accommodation 00:05:08.770 --> 00:05:11.730 align:middle line:84% made in various areas, and we lived with that 00:05:11.730 --> 00:05:14.290 align:middle line:84% as an industry for that five-year period. 00:05:14.290 --> 00:05:16.670 align:middle line:84% And then we identified oh, wait a second, 00:05:16.670 --> 00:05:18.450 align:middle line:90% this has got to change. 00:05:18.450 --> 00:05:24.110 align:middle line:84% So there was substantial changes done to the C448 standard. 00:05:24.110 --> 00:05:26.297 align:middle line:84% It will be published in May of this year. 00:05:26.297 --> 00:05:28.130 align:middle line:84% So there's been some hiccups along the road, 00:05:28.130 --> 00:05:30.430 align:middle line:84% like I mentioned with COVID, et cetera. 00:05:30.430 --> 00:05:32.710 align:middle line:90% So it's a bit overdue. 00:05:32.710 --> 00:05:35.730 align:middle line:90% It's the best way to say it. 00:05:35.730 --> 00:05:39.930 align:middle line:84% Again, we worked with the IGSHPA Standards Committee, 00:05:39.930 --> 00:05:41.870 align:middle line:84% which by the way, I'm now the chair of, 00:05:41.870 --> 00:05:46.090 align:middle line:84% so I don't think it's a conflict of interest, but I don't know, 00:05:46.090 --> 00:05:49.610 align:middle line:84% to look at their current standard, which 00:05:49.610 --> 00:05:52.410 align:middle line:90% was published in 2017. 00:05:52.410 --> 00:05:55.610 align:middle line:84% And technical committees went through the IGSHPA standard 00:05:55.610 --> 00:06:00.840 align:middle line:84% of 2017, as well as the Bi-National Standard of 2016, 00:06:00.840 --> 00:06:04.000 align:middle line:84% and say, we have to reconcile these two. 00:06:04.000 --> 00:06:08.120 align:middle line:84% What's going to happen is once the 2025 edition of C440 00:06:08.120 --> 00:06:10.912 align:middle line:84% is published, the IGSHPA standard gets sunset, 00:06:10.912 --> 00:06:13.120 align:middle line:84% and there will only be one standard within the United 00:06:13.120 --> 00:06:13.620 align:middle line:90% States. 00:06:13.620 --> 00:06:16.847 align:middle line:84% Right now, there's two, so it's a bit awkward. 00:06:16.847 --> 00:06:18.680 align:middle line:84% A number of issues that we went through that 00:06:18.680 --> 00:06:23.140 align:middle line:84% had to be relooked at and expanded upon, 00:06:23.140 --> 00:06:26.800 align:middle line:84% and more detail given, was what Garen was just talking about, 00:06:26.800 --> 00:06:29.840 align:middle line:84% was the formation thermal conductivity testing, 00:06:29.840 --> 00:06:33.200 align:middle line:84% thank you, as well as piping materials 00:06:33.200 --> 00:06:36.200 align:middle line:84% to have absolute clarity on what you're putting in the ground 00:06:36.200 --> 00:06:39.260 align:middle line:84% and more importantly, what you're not. 00:06:39.260 --> 00:06:43.227 align:middle line:84% Heat transfer fluids was a hot topic because-- 00:06:43.227 --> 00:06:45.060 align:middle line:84% when I'm talking about heat transfer fluids, 00:06:45.060 --> 00:06:47.500 align:middle line:84% that's the fluid you're circulating through the system. 00:06:47.500 --> 00:06:49.840 align:middle line:90% And it could be just water. 00:06:49.840 --> 00:06:51.920 align:middle line:84% It depends on the design parameters. 00:06:51.920 --> 00:06:54.680 align:middle line:84% A lot of designers will put an antifreeze agent 00:06:54.680 --> 00:06:59.320 align:middle line:90% into the system, not so much to. 00:06:59.320 --> 00:07:03.537 align:middle line:84% combat freezing from ambient, it's down four feet or whatever, 00:07:03.537 --> 00:07:06.120 align:middle line:84% and you had a really cold winter and you're freezing the pipe. 00:07:06.120 --> 00:07:08.320 align:middle line:84% The real impetus is to be able to run your heat 00:07:08.320 --> 00:07:10.920 align:middle line:90% pumps below freezing. 00:07:10.920 --> 00:07:12.960 align:middle line:84% It's a bit of a combination, but that's usually 00:07:12.960 --> 00:07:14.140 align:middle line:90% why people are doing that. 00:07:14.140 --> 00:07:17.120 align:middle line:84% That's a whole design issue, from a designer, 00:07:17.120 --> 00:07:20.480 align:middle line:84% how cold do you want to run your system? 00:07:20.480 --> 00:07:23.500 align:middle line:84% As Connor alluded to earlier, it depends. 00:07:23.500 --> 00:07:27.000 align:middle line:84% But usually your parameters low are 30 degrees Fahrenheit, 00:07:27.000 --> 00:07:28.300 align:middle line:90% high about 90. 00:07:28.300 --> 00:07:30.400 align:middle line:84% Now, that's not written in stone, 00:07:30.400 --> 00:07:34.120 align:middle line:84% but they're pretty good goalposts. 00:07:34.120 --> 00:07:36.440 align:middle line:84% The other one we looked at very, very closely 00:07:36.440 --> 00:07:38.320 align:middle line:90% was hydrostatic testing. 00:07:38.320 --> 00:07:42.400 align:middle line:84% And that's basically using a fluid water only 00:07:42.400 --> 00:07:45.480 align:middle line:84% to pressurize and test your system. 00:07:45.480 --> 00:07:48.560 align:middle line:84% If the system is leaking because of a bad install, 00:07:48.560 --> 00:07:51.420 align:middle line:84% you could be chasing it kind of quote unquote "forever." 00:07:51.420 --> 00:07:52.880 align:middle line:90% Where's the leak? 00:07:52.880 --> 00:07:56.360 align:middle line:84% So you want to be doing a proper pressure test prior 00:07:56.360 --> 00:08:01.150 align:middle line:84% to backfilling because imagine you have a bore field below 00:08:01.150 --> 00:08:03.150 align:middle line:90% a 40-story building. 00:08:03.150 --> 00:08:04.570 align:middle line:84% You're not getting back in there, 00:08:04.570 --> 00:08:05.870 align:middle line:90% so do it right the first time. 00:08:05.870 --> 00:08:08.830 align:middle line:90% You have one chance. 00:08:08.830 --> 00:08:11.230 align:middle line:84% I'm not going to go through this in too much detail. 00:08:11.230 --> 00:08:16.790 align:middle line:84% The quick overview is there is a general section, which basically 00:08:16.790 --> 00:08:19.290 align:middle line:84% encompasses a number of elements. 00:08:19.290 --> 00:08:23.690 align:middle line:84% One is the definitions that are in the industry, 00:08:23.690 --> 00:08:25.110 align:middle line:90% so there's clarity. 00:08:25.110 --> 00:08:28.030 align:middle line:84% In a lot of cases, you'll see the same item 00:08:28.030 --> 00:08:32.470 align:middle line:84% referenced in two different ways depending on a region. 00:08:32.470 --> 00:08:35.570 align:middle line:84% So we want to clarify what those all are. 00:08:35.570 --> 00:08:38.710 align:middle line:84% So it's a fairly exhaustive definition section 00:08:38.710 --> 00:08:41.750 align:middle line:84% that one should be looking at because 00:08:41.750 --> 00:08:45.990 align:middle line:84% if you hear one term in Texas, and it could be something 00:08:45.990 --> 00:08:47.210 align:middle line:90% different in New York. 00:08:47.210 --> 00:08:49.790 align:middle line:84% So we tried, and did, I think, successfully 00:08:49.790 --> 00:08:52.470 align:middle line:84% to capture all the definitions and then 00:08:52.470 --> 00:08:56.150 align:middle line:84% use one throughout the standard, so there's no ambiguity. 00:08:56.150 --> 00:09:00.970 align:middle line:84% That general section also included any particular topic, 00:09:00.970 --> 00:09:03.350 align:middle line:84% so i.e., piping or heat exchange fluid 00:09:03.350 --> 00:09:07.430 align:middle line:84% as examples that touched on more of two source system 00:09:07.430 --> 00:09:08.990 align:middle line:90% configurations. 00:09:08.990 --> 00:09:11.290 align:middle line:84% They went into the general section, 00:09:11.290 --> 00:09:13.630 align:middle line:90% so there was no confusion. 00:09:13.630 --> 00:09:16.230 align:middle line:84% Then there was a residential section focusing, obviously, 00:09:16.230 --> 00:09:20.070 align:middle line:84% on single-family homes, a commercial section, 00:09:20.070 --> 00:09:23.930 align:middle line:84% there was a new section, and that's the district systems. 00:09:23.930 --> 00:09:30.310 align:middle line:84% Now, a quick segue, we're hearing gens, U10s, 10s, 00:09:30.310 --> 00:09:32.730 align:middle line:90% community loops, shared loops. 00:09:32.730 --> 00:09:38.630 align:middle line:84% There's a whole bevy of terms out there. 00:09:38.630 --> 00:09:42.550 align:middle line:84% We looked at it from a technical committee side and went, 00:09:42.550 --> 00:09:44.250 align:middle line:90% they're all district systems. 00:09:44.250 --> 00:09:46.010 align:middle line:90% There are variations to it. 00:09:46.010 --> 00:09:47.790 align:middle line:90% They are district systems. 00:09:47.790 --> 00:09:51.710 align:middle line:84% And by definition, you are servicing two or more buildings 00:09:51.710 --> 00:09:54.150 align:middle line:90% with that system. 00:09:54.150 --> 00:09:58.860 align:middle line:84% So we went into a lot of detail on a new section 00:09:58.860 --> 00:10:02.860 align:middle line:84% for district energy system, which includes what you're all 00:10:02.860 --> 00:10:04.820 align:middle line:90% looking at is ambient loop. 00:10:04.820 --> 00:10:08.200 align:middle line:84% It is one of the types of district system. 00:10:08.200 --> 00:10:09.320 align:middle line:90% It's not the only one. 00:10:09.320 --> 00:10:11.980 align:middle line:90% There's a number of them. 00:10:11.980 --> 00:10:16.300 align:middle line:84% Then after that, we went into the various configurations 00:10:16.300 --> 00:10:17.860 align:middle line:90% of source systems. 00:10:17.860 --> 00:10:20.620 align:middle line:84% What I mean by that is the most prevalent one out 00:10:20.620 --> 00:10:25.180 align:middle line:84% there is a vertically drilled borehole. 00:10:25.180 --> 00:10:26.960 align:middle line:90% So that's the vertical section. 00:10:26.960 --> 00:10:31.020 align:middle line:84% And you'll find that in probably the majority 00:10:31.020 --> 00:10:34.620 align:middle line:84% of commercial installs, in urban settings in particular. 00:10:34.620 --> 00:10:38.980 align:middle line:84% You'll see horizontal systems, which was the next one, where 00:10:38.980 --> 00:10:40.620 align:middle line:90% you have space. 00:10:40.620 --> 00:10:44.580 align:middle line:84% You have to have a larger area, land-mass wise, at the surface 00:10:44.580 --> 00:10:48.900 align:middle line:84% to be able to put in a horizontal system. 00:10:48.900 --> 00:10:51.820 align:middle line:84% From there, we went into the various different types 00:10:51.820 --> 00:10:53.920 align:middle line:84% of source systems that aren't that common, 00:10:53.920 --> 00:10:58.050 align:middle line:84% but are out there depending on your geographic location 00:10:58.050 --> 00:10:59.550 align:middle line:90% and your geology. 00:10:59.550 --> 00:11:02.250 align:middle line:84% So surface water systems are basically 00:11:02.250 --> 00:11:05.850 align:middle line:84% looking at a lake, a river, the ocean. 00:11:05.850 --> 00:11:07.650 align:middle line:90% So that's a source system. 00:11:07.650 --> 00:11:10.920 align:middle line:84% We went through all of them that are currently out there. 00:11:10.920 --> 00:11:13.650 align:middle line:90% 00:11:13.650 --> 00:11:16.430 align:middle line:84% Groundwater systems are open systems. 00:11:16.430 --> 00:11:18.930 align:middle line:84% You probably heard the term "pump and dump." 00:11:18.930 --> 00:11:20.690 align:middle line:84% Maybe you have, maybe you haven't. 00:11:20.690 --> 00:11:22.650 align:middle line:84% That's where you have a water well, basically. 00:11:22.650 --> 00:11:25.810 align:middle line:84% You're extracting water, running it through a heat exchanger, 00:11:25.810 --> 00:11:29.670 align:middle line:84% and then re-injecting that to the aquifer or to surface, 00:11:29.670 --> 00:11:32.930 align:middle line:84% depending on what the jurisdiction allows. 00:11:32.930 --> 00:11:38.930 align:middle line:84% Standing column well is a bit of a niche 00:11:38.930 --> 00:11:41.010 align:middle line:84% because you have to have competent bedrock 00:11:41.010 --> 00:11:42.450 align:middle line:90% to be able to put them in. 00:11:42.450 --> 00:11:45.170 align:middle line:90% It's very specialized. 00:11:45.170 --> 00:11:47.810 align:middle line:84% Here in the Northeast, they're prevalent. 00:11:47.810 --> 00:11:50.570 align:middle line:84% Not so much in the rest of the continent, reality. 00:11:50.570 --> 00:11:53.050 align:middle line:84% The new one that we put in that was coming up 00:11:53.050 --> 00:11:57.890 align:middle line:84% is for foundations or energy piles. 00:11:57.890 --> 00:11:59.730 align:middle line:90% They're getting some traction. 00:11:59.730 --> 00:12:01.990 align:middle line:84% We said, we got to put this in there, 00:12:01.990 --> 00:12:06.690 align:middle line:84% address it, and have a standard around it. 00:12:06.690 --> 00:12:11.510 align:middle line:84% There's informative annexes at the back of the standard. 00:12:11.510 --> 00:12:14.450 align:middle line:90% These are not mandatory. 00:12:14.450 --> 00:12:15.790 align:middle line:90% These are information. 00:12:15.790 --> 00:12:17.690 align:middle line:84% That's why they're called informative annex. 00:12:17.690 --> 00:12:21.350 align:middle line:84% So they give you direction on things. 00:12:21.350 --> 00:12:25.570 align:middle line:84% And the new one was for wastewater energy transfer. 00:12:25.570 --> 00:12:27.630 align:middle line:84% I think Nick was talking about it, 00:12:27.630 --> 00:12:29.190 align:middle line:84% I think Connor maybe a little bit. 00:12:29.190 --> 00:12:32.210 align:middle line:90% The SHARC system is one. 00:12:32.210 --> 00:12:34.210 align:middle line:90% Huber out of Germany has them. 00:12:34.210 --> 00:12:35.830 align:middle line:90% There are pipe systems. 00:12:35.830 --> 00:12:37.330 align:middle line:84% And you're harvesting thermal energy 00:12:37.330 --> 00:12:39.610 align:middle line:90% from your wastewater stream. 00:12:39.610 --> 00:12:42.290 align:middle line:84% So again, we thought it was very important to put that in. 00:12:42.290 --> 00:12:45.620 align:middle line:84% I am going to skip over this because zero minutes. 00:12:45.620 --> 00:12:46.870 align:middle line:90% Oh, well, that means I'm done. 00:12:46.870 --> 00:12:48.450 align:middle line:90% Is that what you're telling me? 00:12:48.450 --> 00:12:49.470 align:middle line:90% OK, hang on. 00:12:49.470 --> 00:12:51.343 align:middle line:90% Let's get to it. 00:12:51.343 --> 00:12:52.510 align:middle line:90% Can I have two more minutes? 00:12:52.510 --> 00:12:53.400 align:middle line:90% I'll talk real fast. 00:12:53.400 --> 00:12:55.050 align:middle line:90% PROFESSOR: Yeah. 00:12:55.050 --> 00:12:57.000 align:middle line:90% MARK METZNER: OK, thank you. 00:12:57.000 --> 00:13:01.400 align:middle line:84% Back one-- piping, one of the big issues 00:13:01.400 --> 00:13:04.280 align:middle line:84% there is, what are you putting into the ground? 00:13:04.280 --> 00:13:06.840 align:middle line:84% It's vitally important that we're not putting garden hose 00:13:06.840 --> 00:13:08.240 align:middle line:90% down a borehole. 00:13:08.240 --> 00:13:12.420 align:middle line:84% So in a standard, you tend to be performance oriented. 00:13:12.420 --> 00:13:16.020 align:middle line:84% Meet this performance metric, and you are compliant. 00:13:16.020 --> 00:13:21.600 align:middle line:84% There are issues where it has to be prescriptive. 00:13:21.600 --> 00:13:23.143 align:middle line:90% There's no way out of that one. 00:13:23.143 --> 00:13:24.560 align:middle line:84% We have to be very careful in what 00:13:24.560 --> 00:13:26.680 align:middle line:90% we're putting in to a borehole. 00:13:26.680 --> 00:13:28.720 align:middle line:84% Bearing in mind we are putting in infrastructure 00:13:28.720 --> 00:13:31.260 align:middle line:84% that's going to last 50, 100 years, 150. 00:13:31.260 --> 00:13:32.480 align:middle line:90% We don't even know. 00:13:32.480 --> 00:13:35.840 align:middle line:84% So what you're putting in the ground has got to last. 00:13:35.840 --> 00:13:36.900 align:middle line:90% Sorry, I'm talking fast. 00:13:36.900 --> 00:13:41.640 align:middle line:84% Oh, that last one, PVC CPVC, no longer 00:13:41.640 --> 00:13:45.320 align:middle line:84% will be compliant with the standard. 00:13:45.320 --> 00:13:46.880 align:middle line:84% A lot of testing, a lot of research 00:13:46.880 --> 00:13:49.760 align:middle line:90% was done on PVC, in particular. 00:13:49.760 --> 00:13:53.800 align:middle line:84% And heat exchange fluids within PVC 00:13:53.800 --> 00:13:57.010 align:middle line:84% are basically corrosive is the best way to say it. 00:13:57.010 --> 00:13:59.350 align:middle line:84% They break down, and you have real problems. 00:13:59.350 --> 00:14:02.030 align:middle line:84% Again, infrastructure, we're not doing that. 00:14:02.030 --> 00:14:03.470 align:middle line:90% I'll skip over that. 00:14:03.470 --> 00:14:07.070 align:middle line:84% Heat exchange fluids, a lot of work went into this. 00:14:07.070 --> 00:14:08.710 align:middle line:90% What's available? 00:14:08.710 --> 00:14:10.230 align:middle line:90% What can you do? 00:14:10.230 --> 00:14:12.230 align:middle line:84% There's tables in there that give you 00:14:12.230 --> 00:14:14.090 align:middle line:84% properties of heat transfer fluids, 00:14:14.090 --> 00:14:17.830 align:middle line:84% again, for a designer to choose what is the applicable heat 00:14:17.830 --> 00:14:19.850 align:middle line:84% transfer fluid and may just be water. 00:14:19.850 --> 00:14:21.510 align:middle line:90% That's quite possible. 00:14:21.510 --> 00:14:22.250 align:middle line:90% Pressure testing. 00:14:22.250 --> 00:14:24.167 align:middle line:84% Like I said, I'm not going to belabor this one 00:14:24.167 --> 00:14:25.790 align:middle line:90% because I'm out a time. 00:14:25.790 --> 00:14:28.670 align:middle line:84% The integrity of the ground loop system is paramount. 00:14:28.670 --> 00:14:31.710 align:middle line:84% You have to be able to say this is not 00:14:31.710 --> 00:14:33.370 align:middle line:90% leaking before you backfill. 00:14:33.370 --> 00:14:35.180 align:middle line:84% Otherwise, you have huge problems. 00:14:35.180 --> 00:14:37.730 align:middle line:90% 00:14:37.730 --> 00:14:40.150 align:middle line:84% That's what an energy pile looks like. 00:14:40.150 --> 00:14:44.650 align:middle line:84% It's a bit of a new approach to a source system. 00:14:44.650 --> 00:14:46.270 align:middle line:90% They're gaining some traction. 00:14:46.270 --> 00:14:50.670 align:middle line:84% They are applicable, in some cases, not all cases. 00:14:50.670 --> 00:14:55.030 align:middle line:84% The whole district energy systems, many people 00:14:55.030 --> 00:14:57.630 align:middle line:84% have been talking about the various source inputs 00:14:57.630 --> 00:15:01.310 align:middle line:84% that you could have to a district system. 00:15:01.310 --> 00:15:04.350 align:middle line:84% So we went fairly exhaustive on that 00:15:04.350 --> 00:15:08.190 align:middle line:84% and deviated a bit from the format 00:15:08.190 --> 00:15:11.150 align:middle line:84% that is currently within the rest of the standard. 00:15:11.150 --> 00:15:14.750 align:middle line:84% And that's under number four, project planning. 00:15:14.750 --> 00:15:18.630 align:middle line:84% As a designer, you're doing a district energy system. 00:15:18.630 --> 00:15:21.470 align:middle line:84% These are some vital elements you have to look at, 00:15:21.470 --> 00:15:25.350 align:middle line:84% which are applicable generally to geothermal 00:15:25.350 --> 00:15:31.010 align:middle line:84% systems, but really take a good look for a district system. 00:15:31.010 --> 00:15:33.190 align:middle line:84% There's lots of moving parts, and you 00:15:33.190 --> 00:15:37.510 align:middle line:84% have to be cognizant of what is out there. 00:15:37.510 --> 00:15:40.350 align:middle line:84% Piping materials, again, I said very prescriptive 00:15:40.350 --> 00:15:41.930 align:middle line:90% on the piping materials. 00:15:41.930 --> 00:15:45.350 align:middle line:84% This one here is for the distribution materials 00:15:45.350 --> 00:15:51.890 align:middle line:84% inside or above grade, I should say, for district systems. 00:15:51.890 --> 00:15:54.470 align:middle line:84% So it's a little bit of a deviation from what's 00:15:54.470 --> 00:15:57.540 align:middle line:84% in the ground because there's more flexibility given 00:15:57.540 --> 00:16:00.980 align:middle line:84% to your different source systems and temperatures. 00:16:00.980 --> 00:16:03.500 align:middle line:84% I think it was alluded to earlier, depending 00:16:03.500 --> 00:16:05.720 align:middle line:84% on how the system is being designed, 00:16:05.720 --> 00:16:09.440 align:middle line:84% you may have insulated or pre-insulated piping, hot pipe, 00:16:09.440 --> 00:16:09.943 align:middle line:90% cold pipe. 00:16:09.943 --> 00:16:11.860 align:middle line:84% You've got to be careful there that you're not 00:16:11.860 --> 00:16:14.060 align:middle line:84% having thermal interference between the two. 00:16:14.060 --> 00:16:19.020 align:middle line:84% Insulation in confined areas is your best go. 00:16:19.020 --> 00:16:21.300 align:middle line:84% Energy transfer stations, I believe 00:16:21.300 --> 00:16:23.440 align:middle line:90% Brian Urlaub touched upon that. 00:16:23.440 --> 00:16:27.060 align:middle line:84% That's one way of isolating your system, your ground-loop system 00:16:27.060 --> 00:16:28.580 align:middle line:90% from the building. 00:16:28.580 --> 00:16:31.780 align:middle line:84% And, doo, doo, doo, doo, doo, that's the wastewater. 00:16:31.780 --> 00:16:35.800 align:middle line:84% Again, these are informative annexes to say, 00:16:35.800 --> 00:16:37.580 align:middle line:90% here's what you could do. 00:16:37.580 --> 00:16:40.240 align:middle line:84% You can do a pipe, as you can see on the left there. 00:16:40.240 --> 00:16:43.180 align:middle line:84% That's another way of harvesting energy 00:16:43.180 --> 00:16:45.460 align:middle line:90% from the wastewater stream. 00:16:45.460 --> 00:16:48.080 align:middle line:84% This is some of the investigation we did. 00:16:48.080 --> 00:16:52.700 align:middle line:84% There's not a lot of information from a standards point of view, 00:16:52.700 --> 00:16:54.000 align:middle line:90% in North America. 00:16:54.000 --> 00:16:57.940 align:middle line:84% So we referenced a German specification 00:16:57.940 --> 00:16:58.995 align:middle line:90% to get some guidance. 00:16:58.995 --> 00:17:00.120 align:middle line:90% They've done a lot of work. 00:17:00.120 --> 00:17:01.940 align:middle line:84% We're not going to reinvent the wheel. 00:17:01.940 --> 00:17:03.660 align:middle line:90% This is the timeline. 00:17:03.660 --> 00:17:06.720 align:middle line:84% Like I say, the last bullet is what we're looking at, 00:17:06.720 --> 00:17:10.460 align:middle line:90% release in May 2025. 00:17:10.460 --> 00:17:14.140 align:middle line:84% That's just a quick overview of sunsetting the standards 00:17:14.140 --> 00:17:15.900 align:middle line:90% from IGSHPA. 00:17:15.900 --> 00:17:18.800 align:middle line:84% Any standard is a bit of a living document. 00:17:18.800 --> 00:17:20.760 align:middle line:84% There's a revision cycle every five years. 00:17:20.760 --> 00:17:22.980 align:middle line:84% However, should there be some monumental change 00:17:22.980 --> 00:17:25.900 align:middle line:84% within the industry, there is the ability 00:17:25.900 --> 00:17:29.220 align:middle line:90% to do an update or an errata. 00:17:29.220 --> 00:17:32.180 align:middle line:84% Looking at things in the future, the A2L refrigerants 00:17:32.180 --> 00:17:33.780 align:middle line:90% will be a big issue. 00:17:33.780 --> 00:17:35.860 align:middle line:84% District energy systems will continue 00:17:35.860 --> 00:17:39.160 align:middle line:84% to be on everyone's mind, and that's about it, 00:17:39.160 --> 00:17:40.680 align:middle line:90% so sorry, Stacy. 00:17:40.680 --> 00:17:43.730 align:middle line:90% [APPLAUSE] 00:17:43.730 --> 00:17:55.000 align:middle line:90%