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PROFESSOR: This in mind, what
technological responses do

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we have?

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As Hughes mentioned,
they're fairly limited.

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My research has
been on vaccines.

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And I have determined
that they are not

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a first line of
defense, particularly

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for civilian populations.

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They are useful to
stabilize the situation

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after an attack has occurred.

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For example, once an
agent has been identified,

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it can be used--

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a vaccine can be used to stem
second waves of infection.

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Vaccines can be used to
protect first responders,

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such as doctors, nurses,
and emergency EMTs.

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This will allow the medical
system to continue to function.

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Vaccines can also be used to
permit re-entry of residents

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into an infected city.

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Of course, a successful
biodefense program

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using vaccines is predicated on
the availability of vaccines.

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And my research has
demonstrated that we've

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had a lot of problems with
vaccine supply and innovation,

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particularly over
the past 20 years,

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and particularly for a
limited-use vaccines,

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such as anthrax and smallpox,
which is what we would

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need to mitigate an attack.