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Social
attitudes, intellectual currents, and popular ideas of the late
nineteenth century exerted a powerful influence on planners, local government
officials, and lawmakers. As much as Baxter and Eliot advanced new ideas
in open space and park planning, in conservation, and in metropolitan
governance, they were also a product of their time. Nationalism and
reform were "the two essential currents of the 1890s."
(Peterson 71) According to Warner, notions of "romantic
capitalism" and the "rural ideal" also powerfully shaped
the location and form of suburban development (4). Some of the major
ideas, events, and publications of the period include:
* 1860 Dr.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. coins the term "Boston Brahmin"
* 1882 First
general federal immigration law passed
* 1889 North Dakota, South Dakota,
Montana, and Washington
admitted to the Union as states
* 1890
Daughters of the American Revolution founded
* 1890 Wounded Knee massacre
* 1892 Lincoln's birthday
declared a national holiday
* 1892 Sierra
Club founded
* 1892 Homer
A. Plessy refused to move to segregated
railroad coach in New Orleans, leading to Plessy vs. Ferguson
case
* 1894 Immigration
Restriction League founded by Harvard students
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