Community Growth and Land Use Planning

Readings

SES #	TOPICS	READINGS
Part I: Fundamentals: Land Use Planning, Regulation, and Growth Management
Week 1: Introduction
1	Course Introduction
Week 2: Project Introduction and Start-up
2	Community Planning Project Introduced
3	Discussion of Client Project
Week 3: Planning for Growth and Zoning Controls
4	Land Use Planning and Regulation - An Overview	Kaiser, Edward J., and David R. Godschalk. “Twentieth Century Land Use Planning: A Stalwart Family Tree.” Journal of the American Planning Association 61, no. 3 (1995): 365-384. Godschalk, David. “Land Use Planning Challenges: Coping with Conflicts in Visions of Sustainable Development and Livable Communities.” Journal of the American Planning Association 70, no. 1 (2004): 5-13. Jacobs, Harvey M. “Fighting over Land: America’s Legacy… America’s Future?” Journal of the American Planning Association 65, no. 2 (1999): 41-149. Teitz, Michael B. “Reflections and Research on the U.S. Experience.” In The Profession of City Planning: Changes, Images, and Challenges 1950 - 2000. Edited by Lloyd Rodwin and Bish Sanyal. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers, 2000, pp. 275-304. ISBN: 0882851667.
5	Zoning Controls - The Basics	So, Frank S., and Judith Getzels, eds. “Zoning.” Chapter 15 in The Practice of Local Government Planning. Washington, DC: International City Management Association, 1979, pp. 416-443. ISBN: 0873260775. Hutton, David H. “Zoning a la Carte.” Planning 72, no. 1 (2006): 30-31. Garvin, Alexander. “Land Use Regulations.” Chapter 16 in The American City: What Works, What Doesn’t . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996, pp. 356-372. ISBN: 0071373675. Thomas, June Manning, and Marsha Ritzdorf, eds. Urban Planning and the African American Community: In the Shadows . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997. ISBN: 0803972342.
Week 4: Making a Plan: Where to Begin?
6	Plan-making at the Community Level	Neuman, Michael. “Does Planning Need the Plan?” Journal of the American Planning Association 64, no. 2 (1998): 208-220. Baer, William C. “General Plan Evaluation Criteria: An Approach to Making Better Plans.” Journal of the American Planning Association 63, no. 3 (1997): 329-344.
7	Imaging Medford’s Riverfront	Lynch, Kevin. “The Image of the Environment.” Chapter 1 in The Image of the City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1960, pp. 1-13. ISBN: 0262620014. Jacobs, Allan B. “Making Great Streets.” Chapter 4 in Great Streets. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993, pp. 269-308. ISBN: 0262600234.
Week 5: Visioning; The Growth Management System: Local and Regional Issues
8	Visioning	Klein, William R. “Citizen Participation: Whose Vision Is It?” In Planning and Community Equity. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association Planners Press, 1994, pp. 159-172. ISBN: 188482904X. Naylor, Amy R. “Citizen Participation in Brunswick, Maine.” American Planning Association, Planners’ Casebook (Spring 1994): 1-8. Synder, Ken. “Putting Democracy Front and Center.” Planning 72, no. 7 (2006): 24-29. Shipley, Robert, and Ross Newkirk. “Visioning: Did Anybody See Where it Came from?” Journal of Planning Literature 12, no. 4 (1998): 407-414. Tauxe, Caroline S. “Marginalizing Public Participation in Local Planning: An Ethnographic Account.” Journal of the American Planning Association 61, no. 4 (1995): 471-481.
9	The Growth Management System: Local and Regional Issues	Chinitz, Benjamin. “Good for the Town, Bad for the Nation?” Journal of the American Planning Association 56, no. 1 (1990): 3-8. Fischel, William A. “Growth Management Reconsidered: Good for the Town, Bad for the Nation?” Journal of the American Planning Association 57, no. 3 (1991): 341-344. Nelson, Arthur C., and James B. Duncan, et al. “The Purposes of Growth Management.” Chapter 1 in Growth Management Principles and Practices. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association, 1995, pp. 1-18. ISBN: 091828693X. Flint, Anthony. “Bourne Panel at Odds on Project.” The Boston Globe, July 22, 2001. Salkin, Patricia E. “Barriers to Affordable Housing: Are Land Use Controls the Scapegoat?” Land Use Law and Zoning Digest 45, no. 4 (1993): 3-7. Keene, John C. “Social Equity and Metropolitan Growth.” In Planning for a New Century: The Regional Agenda. Edited by Jonathan Barnett. Washington DC: Island Press, 2001, pp. 49-62. ISBN: 1559638060. Alexander, Frank S. “Inherent Tensions between Home Rule and Regional Planning.” Wake Forest Law Review 539 (2000): 539-561. Wheeler, Stephen M. “The New Regionalism: Characteristics of an Emerging Movement.” Journal of the American Planning Association 68, no. 3 (2002): 267-278.
Week 6: Zoning Innovations and Incentives to Broaden Housing Affordability
10	Incentive - Based Techniques and Methods to Broaden Housing Affordability	Porter, Douglas R. “Inclusionary Zoning.” Urban Land 63, no. 1 (2004): 27-31. Downs, Anthony. “Break Down Those Barriers.” Planning 71, no. 9 (2005): 20-23. White, S. Mark. “Affirmative Measures: Using Land-Use Controls to Provide Affordable Housing.” Chapter 2 in Affordable Housing.  Chicago, IL: American Planning Association, 1992, pp. 17-39. Jaffe, Martin. “Performance Zoning: A Reassessment.” Land Use Law 45, no. 3 (1993): 3-9. Porter, Douglas R., Patrick L. Phillips, and Terry J. Lassar. “Introduction to Flexible Zoning.” Chapter 1 in Flexible Zoning and How It Works. Washington, DC: The Urban Land Institute, 1988, pp. 3-14. ISBN: 0874206863. Langdon, Philip. “The Not-So-Secret Code.” Planning 72, no. 1 (2006): 24-29. Baker, Brian. “Affordable Housing Conundrum.” Urban Land 65, no. 5 (2006): 54-58. McCarron, John. “Preserving Affordable Housing.” Urban Land 65, no. 1 (2006): 96-99. Staley, Samuel, and Eric R. Claeys. “Is the Future of Development Regulation Based in the Past? Toward a Market-Oriented, Innovation Friendly Framework.” Journal of Urban Planning and Development 131, no. 4 (2005): 202-213. Garvin, Alexander. “Land Use Regulations.” Chapter 16 in The American City: What Works, What Doesn’t. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996, pp. 372-381. ISBN: 0071373675. Kendig, Lane, Susan Connor, Cranston Byrd, and Judy Heyman. “The Concept of Performance Zoning.” Part One in Performance Zoning. Washington, DC: American Planning Association, 1980, pp. 3-50. ISBN: 0918286182. Kayden, Jerold. “Using and Misusing Law to Design the Public Realm.” In Regulating Place: Standards and the Shaping of Urban America. Edited by Eran Ben-Joseph and Terry S. Szold. New York, NY: Rutledge, 2005. ISBN: 0415948746.
Part II: Neighborhood Planning and Place-making: Trends, Methods and Approaches
Week 7: Neighborhood Planning: History and Future Directions
11	The Neighborhood Unit Historical Perspective	Thomas, June. “Neighborhood Planning: Uses of Oral History.” Journal of Planning History 2, no. 1 (2004): 50-70. Knack, Ruth Eckdish. “Dense, Denser, Denser Still.” Planning 68, no. 8 (2002): 4-9. Pawlukiewicz, Michael. “Embracing Density.” Urban Land 61, no. 7 (2002): 18-20. Fader, Steven. Density by Design: New Directions in Residential Development. 2nd ed. Washington DC: Urban Land Institute, 2000, pp. 1-19. ISBN: 0874208335. Salvesen, David. “The Making of Place.” Urban Land 61, no. 7 (2002): 36-41.
12	Neighborhood Economic Development Planning: Tools and Prospects	Kennedy, Maureen, and Paul Leonard. Dealing with Neighborhood Change: A Primer on Gentrification and Policy Choices . Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2001. Bergsman, Steve. “Community Renewal: Activating Chicago’s Washington Park.” Urban Land 63, no. 10 (2004): 104-107. Seidman, Karl F. Revitalizing Commerce for American Cities: A Practitioner’s Guide to Urban Main Street Programs. The Fannie Mae Foundation, September 2004. (PDF - 1.8MB) NBDM Overview: What Is the Neighborhood Business Development Methodology. Neighborhood Connections.
Week 8: Community Design, Placemaking, Form-Based Codes
13	Community Design, New Urbanism, and Alternative Regulatory Approaches. What’s Applicable to the Medford Project?	Williams, Brian. “Designing a Downtown.” Planning 70, no. 11 (2004): 20 -23. Ellis, Cliff. “The New Urbanism: Critiques and Rebuttals.” Journal of Urban Design 7, no. 3 (2002): 261-291. Nasar, Jack L. “Does Neotraditional Development Build Community?” Journal of Planning Education and Research 23, no. 1 (2003): 58-68. Mandel, Charles. “It Fakes a Village.” THIS Magazine (May/June 1997): 13-16. Schmitz, Adrienne. “The New Suburbia.” Urban Land 63, no. 5 (2004): 52-57. Duany, Andrés, and David Brain. “Regulating as if Humans Matter: The Transect and Post-Suburban Planning.” In Regulating Place: Standards and the Shaping of Urban America. Edited by Eran Ben-Joseph and Terry S. Szold. New York, NY: Rutledge, 2005. ISBN: 0415948746. Lopez, Guillermo. “Public Space Design.” Urban Land 65, no. 3 (2006): 60-64. Berkowitz, Ellen. “Toward a New Discourse on Mixed-Use Development.” Urban Land 65, no. 1 (2006): 99-101. Search this site to evaluate design review and design standards from other cities and towns.
14	Project Workshop Day
Part III: Planning and Designing Responsive Environments
Week 9: Landscape Planning, Riverfronts and Corridor Parks
15	Landscape Planning History and Current Approaches	Center for Watershed Protection. “Smart Site Practices for Redevelopment and Infill Projects Redevelopment.” Ellicott City, MD: Center for Watershed Protection, October 2001. (PDF) Rishbeth, Clare. “Ethnic Minority Groups and the Design of Public Open Space: An Inclusive Landscape.” Landscape Research 26, no. 4 (2001): 351-366. Fleming, Nancy L. “Urban Rivers Reborn.” Urban Land 64, no. 5 (2005): 111-116. Tarnay, Stella, and Ed McMahon. “Toward Green Urbanism.” Urban Land 64, no. 6 (2005): 54-59. Enlow, Clair. “Planning-Rethinking Streets as Parks-Seattle’s Open Space Strategy Shifts its Emphasis Away from Traditional Parks to an Evolving “Urban Ecosystem” that Focuses on City Streets.” Landscape Architecture 92 (2002): 52-58.
16	Ecological Considerations and Waterfronts	Dinola, Ralph, and Katrina Shum-Miller. “Getting behind the Wheel.” Urban Land 65, no. 6 (2006): 70-75. Kreisler, Barbara. “Moving beyond Green.” Urban Land 65, no. 6 (2006): 76-81. Durrant, Steve, and Joe Biernat. “A River Blueprint.” Urban Land 60, no. 11/12 (2001): 70-75. Calkins, Meg. “Return of the River” Landscape Architecture (July 2001): 74-83. Dramov, Boris. “Successful Waterfront Design Principles.” Urban Land (June 1997): 35. Martin, Frank Edgerton. “Making the River Connection Back to the Water’s Edge.” Landscape Architecture (February 2001): 62-67 and 88-91.
Week 10: Sprawl, The Strip, and Smart Development
17	Thwarting Sprawl, Smart Growth, and the Evolution of Suburbia	Scan through sprawl and smart growth web sites and links, such as: Sprawl Watch Smart Growth Online Sprawl and Growth Suburban Sprawl Katz, Bruce. “The Permanent Campaign.” Urban Land 62, no. 5 (2003): 44-52. Downs, Anthony. “Smart Growth: Why We Discuss It More than We Do It.” Journal of the American Planning Association 71, no. 4 (2005): 367-378. Krieger, Alex. “Seven Wise (Though Possibly Impractical) Goals for Smart Growth Advocates.” In Smart Growth: Form and Consequences. Edited by Szold and Carbonell. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2002, pp. 102-109. ISBN: 1558441514. Miara, Jim. “Fueling Sprawl.” Urban Land 59, no. 5 (2000): 78-79 and 109. Conte, Christopher R. “The Boys of Sprawl.” Governing (May 2000): 28-33. Blaesser, Brian W. “Growth Management: A Developer’s Perspective.” Development Magazine 29, no. 3 (1998): 6 and 76.
Week 11: Linking Land use and Transportation
18	The Mobility Challenge for Planning, Transit-Oriented and Infill Development	Downs, Anthony. “The Basic Situation.” Part One in Stuck in Traffic . Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1992, pp. 7-22. ISBN: 0815719299. Frank, Lawrence D., and Robert T. Dunphy. “Smart Growth and Transportation.” Urban Land 57, no. 5 (1998): 58-63 and 76-77. Cervero, Robert. The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1998, pp. 72-105. ISBN: 1559635916. Calthorpe, Peter. “Guidelines.” Section in The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. New York, NY: Princeton Architectural Press, 1993, pp. 41-49. ISBN: 1878271687. Tumlin, Jeffery, and Adam Millard-Ball. “How to Make Transit-Oriented Development Work.” Planning 69, no. 5 (2003): 14-19. Strauss, Mark E., and Lawrence M. Rosenbloom. “Making TOD Real.” Urban Land 63, no. 5 (2004): 14 and 17. Flint, Anthony. “Frustrating Development.” The Boston Globe, June 7, 2003. McCann, Barbara. “Complete the Streets!” Planning 71, no. 5 (2005): 18-23. State of North Carolina. Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND) Guidelines. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Department of Transportation, Division of Highways, August 2000.
19	Street Design and Traffic Calming	Knack, Ruth Eckdish. “Drive Nicely.” Planning 64, no. 12 (1998): 12-15. Knapp, Keith K. “Traffic-Calming Basics.” Civil Engineering 70, no. 1 (2000): 46-49. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) inaugurated a new website dedicated to all the known and/or electronically publicized transportation programs and studies that pertain to traffic calming. Also see ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers) Web site.  Traffic Calming Library
Part IV: Integration and Implementation
Week 12: Plan Implementation
20	Project Workshop Day
Week 13: Final Plan Recommendations and Implementation Strategies
21	Project Workshop Day
22	Client Meeting with Project Teams
Weeks 14 and 15: Final Project Preparation and Synthesis
23	Project Workshop Day
24	The Role of Planning and the Planner in Society: Class Wrap-up and Synthesis	Szold, Terry. “Merging Place-Making and Process in Local Practice.” In The Profession of City Planning: Changes, Images, and Challenges 1950 - 2000. Edited by Lloyd Rodwin and Bish Sanyal. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers, 2000, pp. 36-42. ISBN: 0882851659. Ben-Joseph, Eran. “The Future of Standards and Rules in Shaping Place: Re-engineering the Urban Genetic Code.” ASCE Journal of Urban Planning and Development 130, no. 2 (2004): 67-74. Glazer, Nathan. “The Public’s Image of the Profession.” In The Profession of City Planning: Changes, Images, and Challenges 1950 - 2000. Edited by Lloyd Rodwin and Bish Sanyal. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers, 2000, pp. 224-230. ISBN: 0882851659. Bartholomew, Keith. “The Evolution of Non-Governmental Land Use Planning Organizations.” Journal of the American Planning Association 65, no. 4 (1999): 357-363. Birch, Eugenie Ladner. “Practitioners and the Art of Planning.” Journal of Planning Education and Research 20, no. 4 (2001): 407-422.
25	Submission of Final Plan Reports