Citizen Participation, Community Development, and Urban Governance in the Developing World

Readings

This page contains the required texts for the course, as well as a listing of readings by session.

Required Readings

Hickey, Samuel, and Giles Mohan, eds. Participation - From Tyranny to Transformation? Exploring New Approaches to Participation in Development. London, UK: Zed Books, 2005. ISBN: 9781842774618.

Evans, Peter, ed. Livable Cities? Urban Struggles for Livelihood and Sustainability. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780520230255.

Readings by Session

SES #	TOPICS	READINGS
Part I: Concepts and context
1	Introduction to the course
2	Setting the context: Globalization and development	Harriss, John, Kristian Stokke, and Olle Tornquist. “Introduction: The New Local Politics of Democratization.” In Politicising Democracy: The New Local Politics of Democratisation. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. ISBN: 9781403934819. Evans, chapter 1. Melo, Marcus Andre, and Gianpaolo Baiocchi. “Deliberative Democracy and Local Governance: Towards a New Agenda.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 30 (2006): 587-600. Carley, Michael. “Top-Down and Bottom-Up: The Challenge of Cities in the New Century.” In Urban Development and Civil Society. Edited by Michael Carley, et al. London, UK: Earthscan Publications, 2001. ISBN: 9781853837173. Pierre, Jon. “Comparative Urban Governance: Uncovering Complex Causalities.” Urban Affairs Review 40 (2005): 446-462.
3	Setting the context (2): Globalization and cities	Dahl, Robert. “A Democratic Dilemma: System Effectiveness versus Citizen Participation.” Political Science Quarterly 109 (1994): 23-24. McGee, T. G. “Globalization and the Rural-Urban Relations in the Developing World.” In Globalization and the World of Large Cities. Edited by Fu-Chen Lo and Yue-Man Yeung. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University Press, 1998. ISBN: 9789280809992. Ponte, de Giulia. “Changing Ideas on the City: Multilateral Development Aid Institutions.” International Social Science Journal 172 (2002): 205-216. McCarney, Patricia. “Disjunctures, Divides, and Disconnects: The Promise of Local Government in Development.” Isandla Institute Dark Roast Occasional Paper Series 2 (2000). van Vliet, Willem. “Cities in a Globalizing World: From Engines of Growth to Agents of Change.” Environment and Urbanization 14, no.1 (2002): 31-40. Marris, P. “Planning and Civil Society in the Twenty-first Century.” In Cities for Citizens: Planning and the Rise of Civil Society in a Global Age. Edited by M. Douglass and J. Friedmann. New York, NY: John Wiley, 1998, pp. 9-18. ISBN: 9780471977094. Stren, Richard. “Local Governance and Social Diversity in the Developing World: New Challenges for Globalizing City-Regions.” In Global City Regions: Trends, Theory, Policy. Edited by Allan Scott. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780199252305. Recommended readings Held, David. Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1995. ISBN: 9780804726870. Pierre, J. “Models of Urban Governance: The Institutional Dimension of Urban Politics.” Urban Affairs Review 34, no.3 (1999): 372-396. Rhodes, R. “Governance in Public Administration.” In Debating Governance. Edited by J. Pierre. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN: 9780198297727. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements. Cities in a Globalizing World: Global Report on Human Settlements. London, UK: Earthscan Publications, 2001, chapter 3. ISBN: 9781853838057. Zanetta, Cecilia. “The Evolution of the World Bank’s Urban Lending in Latin America.” Habitat International 25 (2001): 513-533. Stren, Richard, and Judith Kjellberg, eds. Urban Research in Developing Countries: Perspectives on the City. Vol. 4. Toronto, Canada: Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto, 1995, chapter 5. ISBN: 9780772713711. Stren, Richard, Marney Cohen, Holle Reed, and Mark R. Montgomery, eds. Cities Transformed: Demographic Change and Its Implications in the Developing World. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2003, chapter 3. ISBN: 9780309088626. World Bank. World Development Report 2006: Equity and Development. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 1-17. ———. Entering the 21st Century: World Development Report 1999-2000. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements. Cities in a Globalizing World: Global Report on Human Settlements. London, UK: Earthscan Publications, 2001, chapters 1-2. ISBN: 9781853838057.
4	Setting the context (3): Decentralization	Bardhan, P., and D. Mookerjee, eds. Decentralization and Local Governance in Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006, chapter 1. ISBN: 9780262524544. Bardhan, P. “Decentralization of Governance and Development.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 16, no. 4 (2002): 185-205. Schonwalder, G. “New Democratic Spaces at the Grassroots? Popular Participation in Latin American Local Governments.” Development and Change 28 (1997): 753-770. Bergh, Silvia. “Democratic Decentralization and Local Participation: A Review of Recent Research.” Development in Practice 14 (2004): 780-789. Crook, R. C. “Decentralisation and Poverty Reduction in Africa: The Politics of Local-Central Relations.” Public Administration and Development 23 (2003): 77-88. Prud’Homme, Remy. “Dangers of Decentralization.” World Bank Research Observer 10 (1995): 201-220. United Nations Development Programme. “Decentralized Governance for Development: A Combined Practice Note on Decentralization, Local Governance and Urban/Rural Development.” In UNDP Publications, April 2004. (Skim) Recommended readings Mabogunje, Akin L. “Local Institutions and an Urban Agenda for the 1990s.” In Urban Research in Developing Countries: Perspectives on the City. Vol. 4. Edited by Richard Stren and Judith Kjellberg. Toronto, Canada: Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto, 1995, chapter 2. ISBN: 9780772713711. Tulchin, Joseph S., and Andrew Selee, eds. “Decentralization and Democratic Governance In Latin America.” In Woodrow Wilson Center Report on the Americas. Introduction and chapter 1. (PDF - 1.3 MB) Stren, Richard. “Local Governance and the Development of Associational Life: An Exploration.” In Democratic Governance and Urban Sustainability. Edited by Joseph S. Tulchin, Diana H. Varat, and Blair A. Ruble. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2002.
Part II: Normative visions
5	Normative approaches (1): Civil society	Chalmers, D. A., S. B. Martin, and K. Piester. “Associative Networks: New Structures of Representation for the Popular Sectors.” In The New Politics of Inequality in Latin America: Rethinking Participation and Representation. Edited by Chalmers, Vilas, Hite, Martin, Piester, and Segarra. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1997, pp. 543-583. ISBN: 9780198781844. Hoeber, Rudolph S. “Is Civil Society the Answer?” In Investigating Social Capital: Comparative Perspective on Civil Society, Participation and Governance. Edited by Sanjeev Prakash and Per Selle. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2004, pp. 64-87. ISBN: 9780761996903. Migdal, J. S. “The State in Society: An Approach to Struggles for Domination.” In State Power and Social Forces, Domination and Transformation in the Third World. Edited by J. S. Migdal, A. Kohli, and V. Shue. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp. 293-323. ISBN: 9780521461665. Migdal, J. S., A. Kohli, and V. Shue, eds. State Power and Social Forces, Domination and Transformation in the Third World. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp. 293-323. ISBN: 9780521461665. Törnquist, Olle. “The Political Deficit of Substantial Democratisation.” In Politicising Democracy: Local Politics and Democratisation in Developing Countries. Edited by John Harriss, Kristian Stokke, and Olle Tornquist. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, chapter 1. ISBN: 9781403934819. Ferguson, James. Global Shadows. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006, chapter 9. ISBN: 9780822337171. Lewis, David. “Civil Society in African Contexts: Reflections on the Usefulness of a Concept?” Development and Change 33 (2002): 569-586. Recommended readings Alagappa, Muthiah, ed. Civil Society and Political Change in Asia: Expanding and Contracting Democratic Space. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004, pp. 25-40. ISBN: 9780804750974. Schalk, David C., and Wayne Hudson, eds. Civil Society in Asia. Hampshire, UK: Ashgate, 2003, chapter 2. ISBN: 9780754622758. Rosenblum, Nancy, and Robert Post, eds. Civil Society and Government. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001, pp. 1-25, 370-399. ISBN: 9780691088020. Houtzager, Peter P., Adrián Gurza Lavalle, and Graziela Castello. “States and Citizens in Urban Brazil and Mexico. What Surveys on Political Participation Can Tell Us.” Paper, 2005, p. 19.
6	Normative approaches (2): Social capital	Putnam, Robert D., Robert Leonardi, and Raffaella Y. Nanetti. “Social Capital and Institutional Success.” In Making Democracy Work. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994. ISBN: 9780691037387. Fukuyama, Francis. “Social Capital and Civil Society.” IMF Working Paper, April 2000. Evans, Peter. “Government Action, Social Capital and Development: Reviewing the Evidence on Synergy.” World Development 24, no. 6 (1996): 1119-1132. Fox, Jonathan. “How Does Civil Society Thicken? The Political Construction of Social Capital in Rural Mexico.” World Development 24, no. 6 (1996): 1089-1103. Woolcock, Michael. “Social Capital and Economic Development: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis and Policy Framework.” Theory and Society 27, no. 2 (1998): 151-208. Harris, J. “Missing Link or Analytically Missing? The Concept of Social Capital.” Journal of International Development 9 (1997): 919-937. Recommended readings Wellman, Barry. “The Community Question.” American Journal of Sociology 84 (1979): 1201- 1231. Harriss, J. Depoliticizing Development: The World Bank and Social Capital. London, UK: Anthem Press, 2002. ISBN: 9781843310495.
7	Normative approaches (3): Deliberation and the public sphere	Fraser, Nancy. “Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy.” In Habermas and the Public Sphere. Edited by Craig Calhoun. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993. ISBN: 9780262531146. Calhoun, Craig, ed. Habermas and the Public Sphere. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993, introduction. ISBN: 9780262531146. Cohen, J. “Procedure and Substance in Deliberative Democracy.” In Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political. Edited by S. Benhabib. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996, pp. 95-109. ISBN: 9780691044798. ———. “Democracy and Liberty.” In Deliberative Democracy. Edited by J. Elster. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 185-232. ISBN: 9780521596961. Mansbridge, J. “Democracy and Common Interests.” Social Alternatives 8 (1990): 20-25. Elster, J. “Deliberation and Constitution Making.” In Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. ISBN: 9780521596961. Mouffe, Chantal. The Democratic Paradox. London, UK: Verso, 2000, chapter 4. ISBN: 9781859842799. Healey, P. “Planning through Debate: The Communicative Turn in Planning Theory.” In Readings in Planning Theory. Edited by S. Campbell and S. Fainstein. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2003, pp. 234-264. ISBN: 9780631223474. Recommended readings Bohman, J. “Citizenship and Norms of Publicity.” Political Theory 27 (1999): 176-203. Hajer, M. A., and H. Wagenaar, eds. Deliberative Policy Analysis: Understanding Governance in the Network Society. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN: 9780521530705. Christens, Brian, and Paul W. Speer. “Tyranny/Transformation: Power and Paradox in Participatory Development.” Forum: Qualitative Social Research 7, no. 2 (2006).
Part III: Cases and debates
8	Case studies and debates (1): Empowered participatory governance
9	Case studies and debates (2): Non-governmental organizations	Eade, Deborah, ed. Development, NGOs, and Civil Society. Oxford, UK: Oxfam, 2000. ISBN: 9780855984427. Mercer, Claire. “NGOs, Civil Society and Democratization: A Critical Review of the Literature.” Progress in Development Studies (2002): 5-22. Obiyan, A. Sat. “A Critical Examination of the State versus Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the Policy Sphere in the Global South: Will the State Die as the NGOs Thrive in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia?” African and Asian Studies 4, no. 3 (2005): 301-326. Kamat, Sangeeta. “NGOs and the New Democracy: The False Saviors of International Development.” Harvard International Review 25, no. 1 (2003): 65-69.
10	Case studies and debates (3): Political concatenates	Selections from Evans, Livable Cities. Heller, P. “Moving the State: The Politics of Democratic Decentralization in Kerala, South Africa and Porto Alegre.” Politics and Society 29 (2001): 131-163. Baiocchi, Gianpaolo, Patrick Heller, and Marcelo K. Silva. “Making Space for Civil Society.”
11	Latin American cases	Roberts, Brian. The Making of Citizens. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1995. ISBN: 9780340604786. Avritzer, L. Democracy and the Public Space in Latin America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002, chapters 3-4. ISBN: 9780691090887. Carley, et al., eds. Urban Development and Civil Society. London, UK: Earthscan Publications, 2001, chapter 11. ISBN: 9781853837173. Montgomery, Mark. “The Challenge of Urban Governance.” In Cities Transformed. Edited by Richard Stren, et al. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2003, chapter 9. ISBN: 9780309088626. Grindle, M. Audacious Reforms: Institutional Invention and Democracy in Latin America. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000, introduction and chapter 1. ISBN: 9780801864216. Re-read Tulchin and Selee from above. Santín, Leticia. “Decentralization and Civil Society in Mexico.” In Decentralization, Democratic Governance, and Civil Society in Comparative Perspective: Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Edited by Philip Oxhorn, Joseph S. Tulchin, and Andrew D. Selee. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004, pp. 75-114. ISBN: 9780801879197. Plus, additional cases, as required: Avritzer, L. Democracy and the Public Space in Latin America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780691090887. Baiocchi, G. P. Militants and Citizens: The Politics of Participatory Democracy in Porto Alegre. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2005. ISBN: 9780804751230. Melo, M., and F. Rezende. “Decentralization and Governance”. In Democratization and Democratic Governance in Latin America. Edited by Joseph Tulchin and Andrew Selee. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars, 2004. Oxhorn, Philip, Joseph S. Tulchin, and Andrew D. Selee, eds. Decentralization, Democratic Governance, and Civil Society in Comparative Perspective: Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2004, Part I. ISBN: 9780801879197.
12	South Asian cases	Oxhorn, Philip, Joseph S. Tulchin, and Andrew D. Selee, eds. Decentralization, Democratic Governance, and Civil Society in Comparative Perspective: Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2004, Part III. ISBN: 9780801879197. Carley, et al., eds. Urban Development and Civil Society. London, UK: Earthscan Publications, 2001, chapter 6. ISBN: 9781853837173. Nordholt, H. S. “Decentralisation in Indonesia: Less State, More Democracy?” In Politicising Democracy: The New Local Politics of Democratisation. Edited by John Harriss, Kristian Stokke, and Olle Tornquist. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. ISBN: 9781403934819. Sidel, J. “Bossism and Democracy in the Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia: Towards an Alternative Framework for the Study of ‘Local Strongmen.’” In Politicising Democracy: The New Local Politics of Democratisation. Edited by John Harriss, Kristian Stokke, and Olle Tornquist. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. ISBN: 9781403934819. Ahmed, S., et al. Urban Governance in Asia: Sub-Regional and City Perspectives. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Pathak Shamabesh, 2000, chapters 1, 2, and 4. ISBN: 9789848120309. Harriss, John. “Political Participation, Representation and the Urban Poor: Findings from a Research in Delhi.” Economic and Political Weekly, March 12, 2005: 1041-1054. Recommended readings Harriss, John. “Politics Is a Dirty River: But Is There a ‘New Politics’ of Civil Society?” Perspectives from Global Cities of India and Latin America. Paper, 2005, p. 16. Harriss, John. “The ‘New Politics’ of the Urban Poor in Contemporary India.” Paper, 2005, p. 14. Case, W. Politics in Southeast Asia: Democracy or Less. Richmond, UK: Curzon, 2002. ISBN: 9780700716357. Corbridge, S., and J. Harriss. Reinventing India: Liberalisation, Hindu Nationalism and Popular Democracy. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2000. ISBN: 9780745620770. Priyono, Subono, Törnquist, et al. Making Democracy Meaningful: Problems and Options in Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia: Demos, 2005. Robison, Richard, and Vedi Hadiz. Reorganising Power in Indonesia: The Politics of Oligarchy in an Age of Markets. New York, NY: Routledge, 2004. ISBN: 9780415332538.
13	African cases	Mamdani, M. Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996, chapter 1 and conclusion, pp. 3-34 and 285-301. ISBN: 9789970020904. Olowu, Dele, and James Wunsch. Local Governance in Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003, chapters 2, 3, and 10. ISBN: 9781588261731. Carley, Michael, et al., eds. Urban Development and Civil Society. London, UK: Earthscan Publications, 2001, chapter 3. ISBN: 9781853837173. Heinrich, Volkhart Finn. “The Role of NGOs in Strengthening the Foundations of South African Democracy.” Voluntas 12 (2001): 1-15. McCarney, Patricia, and Richard Stren, eds. Governance on the Ground. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2003, chapter 8. ISBN: 9780801878503. Eade, Deborah, ed. Development, NGOs, and Civil Society. Oxford, UK: Oxfam, 2000, pp. 109-114 and 175-188. ISBN: 9780855984427. Friedman, Steven, and Caroline Kihato. “South Africa’s Double Reform: Decentralization and the Transition from Apartheid.” In Decentralization, Democratic Governance, and Civil Society in Comparative Perspective: Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Edited by Philip Oxhorn, Joseph S. Tulchin, and Andrew D. Selee. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004, pp. 75-114. ISBN: 9780801879197. Recommended readings Olowu, Dele, and James S. Wunsch. Local Governance in Africa: The Challenges of Democratic Decentralization. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003, chapter 1. ISBN: 9781588261731. Askvik, Steinar, and Nelleke Bak, eds. Trust in Public Institutions in South Africa. Hampshire, UK: Ashgate Publishing, 2005, chapters 5-6. ISBN: 9780754643531. Carley, Michael, et al., eds. Urban Development and Civil Society. London, UK: Earthscan Publications, 2001, chapter 11. ISBN: 9781853837173. Jones, P., and K. Stokke. Democratising Development: The Politics of Socio-Economic Rights. Leiden, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, chapter 1. ISBN: 9789004148215. Chabal, Patrick, and Jean-Pascal Daloz. Africa Works: Disorder as Political Instrument. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1999, pp. 1-93 and 139-163. ISBN: 9780253212870. Braathen, Einar, and Aslak Orre. “Can a Patrimonial Democracy Survive? The Case of Mozambique.” Forum for Development Studies, no. 2 (2001).