Lecture presentation on oxygen isotope paleothermometry, cumulative Rayleigh isotope distillation as a function of temperature, oxygen isotopes of precipitation over North America, Emiliani’s ice volume correction, determining the isotopic composition of ice sheets from the last glacial maximum, pore water chlorinity and oxygen isotopes, the effect of glaciation on the oxygen isotope composition of the ocean, sea-level estimates from drilling submerged coral terraces, oxygen isotope stratigraphy, and paleomagnetic stratigraphy.