Comparative Security and Sustainability

Readings

The following books are used in the course. Not all books are read in their entirety; in these instances, the percentage of the book that is read is indicated. Readings are also listed by session.

Required Books

Ostrom, Elinor. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1990. ISBN: 9780521405997. (40%)

Becker, Egon, and Thomas Jahn, eds. Sustainability and the Social Sciences: A Cross-disciplinary Approach to Integrating Environmental Considerations into Theoretical Reorientation. London, UK: Zed Books, 2000. ISBN: 9781856497091. (30%)

Tainter, Joseph A. The Collapse of Complex Societies. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1988. ISBN: 9780521340922.

Brawley, Mark R. The Politics of Globalization. Orchard Park, NY: The Broadview Press, 2002. ISBN: 9781551112800.

Clark, Ian. Globalization and International Relations Theory. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780198782100.

Weiner, Myron, and Sharon Stanton Russell, eds. Demography and National Security. New York, NY: Berghahn Books, 2002. ISBN: 9781571812629.

Readings by Session

WEEK #	TOPICS	READINGS
Part I: Framework and Approach
1	Introduction	Choucri, Nazli, and Robert C. North. “Growth, Development, and Environmental Sustainability: Profile and Paradox.” Chapter 3 in Global Accord: Environmental Challenges and International Responses. Edited by Nazli Choucri. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995. ISBN: 9780262531344. Jervis, Robert. “Realism in the Study of World Politics.” In Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics. Edited by Peter J. Katzenstein, Robert O. Keohane, and Stephen D. Krasner. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999, pp. 331-351. ISBN: 9780262611442. Hardin, Garrett. “The Tragedy of the Commons.” In Economics of the Environment: Selected Readings. 3rd ed. Edited by Robert Dorfman and Nancy S. Dorfman. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 1993, pp. 5-19. ISBN: 9780393963106.
2	Concepts and Theories	Clark, Ian. Globalization and International Relations Theory. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780198782100. Solow, Robert M. “Sustainability: An Economist’s Perspective.” In Economics of the Environment: Selected Readings. 3rd ed. Edited by Robert Dorfman and Nancy S. Dorfman. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 1993, pp. 179-187. ISBN: 9780393963106. Goodland, Robert, and George Ledec. “Neoclassical Economics and Principles of Sustainable Development.” Ecological Modeling 38 (1987): 19-46. Gowdy, John. “Economic concepts of Sustainability: Relocating Economic Activity within Society and Environment.” Chapter 9 in Sustainability and the Social Sciences: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach to Integrating Environmental Considerations into Theoretical Reorientation. Edited by Egon Becker and Thomas Jahn. London, UK: Zed Books, 2000. ISBN: 9781856497091. Wikboldt, A. K., and N. Choucri. “Profiles of States as Fuzzy Sets: Methodological Refinement of Lateral Pressure Theory.” International Interactions 32 (2006): 1-29.
3	Modes of (in)security and (un)sustainability	Holdren, John P., Gretchen C. Daily, and Paul R. Ehrlich. “The Meaning of Sustainability: Biogeophysical Aspects.” In Defining and Measuring Sustainability: The Biogeophysical Foundations. Edited by Mohan Munasinghe and Walter Shearer. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1995, pp. 3-17. ISBN: 9780821331347. Becker, Egon, and Thomas Jahn, eds. Sustainability and the Social Sciences: A Cross-disciplinary Approach to Integrating Environmental Considerations into Theoretical Reorientation. London, UK: Zed Books, 2000. ISBN: 9781856497091. Sassen, Saskia. Globalization and its Discontents: Essays on New Mobility of People and Money. New York, NY: The New Press, 1998, Introduction, pp. XIX-XXXVI. ISBN: 9781565843950. Kratochwil, Friedrich. “Of Systems, Boundaries, and Territoriality.” World Politics 39, no. 1 (1986): 27-52.
4	Local Conditions and Global Dilemmas	Litfin, Karen T. “The Greening of Sovereignty: An Introduction.” In The Greening of Sovereignty in World Politics. Edited by Karen T. Litfin. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998, pp. 1-27. ISBN: 9780262621236. Kuehls, Thom. “Between Sovereignty and Environment: An Exploration of the Discourse of Government.” In The Greening of Sovereignty in World Politics. Edited by Karen T. Litfin. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998, pp. 31-53. ISBN: 9780262621236. Wapner, Paul. “Reorienting State Sovereignty: Rights and Responsibilities in the Environmental Age.” In The Greening of Sovereignty in World Politics. Edited by Karen T. Litfin. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998, pp. 275-297. ISBN: 9780262621236.
Part II: Cases and Comparisons
5	When People Move or Boundaries Shift	Weiner, Myron, and Sharon Stanton Russell. Demography and National Security. New York, NY: Berghahn Books, 2002. ISBN: 9781571812629. Massey, Douglas S., Joaquin Arango, Graeme Hugo, Ali Kouaouci, Adela Pellegrino, and J. Edward Taylor. “Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal.” Population and Development Review 19, no. 3 (September 1993): 431-466. Choucri, Nazli. “Migration and Security: Some Key Linkages.” Journal of International Affairs 56, no. 1 (Fall 2002): 97-124. ———. “Cross-Border Movements of Populations in a ‘Fair Globalization’.” Development 48, no. 1 (2005): 44-51.
6	When Resources are “Scarce”	Hardin, Garrett. “The Tragedy of the Commons.” In Economics of the Environment: Selected Readings. 3rd ed. Edited by Robert Dorfman and Nancy S. Dorfman. New York, NY: W.W. Norton and Company, 1993, pp. 5-19. ISBN: 9780393963106. Ostrom, Elinor. “New Horizons in Institutional Analysis.” American Political Science Review 89, no. 1 (1995): 174-178. Choucri. Nazli. “Resource Constraints as Causes of Conflict.” Ecodecision (September 1991): 52-55. Pezzey, John C. V., and Michael A. Toman. “Progress and Problems in the Economics of Sustainability.” Chapter 4 in The International Yearbook of Environmental and Resource Economics 2002/2003: A Survey of Current Issues . Edited by Tom Tietenberg and Henk Folmer. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2002. ISBN: 9781840649499.
7	When Environments “Strain”	Victor, David G., Abram Chayes, and Eugene B. Skolnikoff. “Pragmatic Approaches to Regime Building for Complex International Problems.” In Global Accord: Environmental Challenges and International Responses. Edited by Nazli Choucri. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995, pp. 453-74. ISBN: 9780262531344. Simpson, R. David. “Economic Analysis and Ecosystems: Some Concepts and Issues.” Chapter 25 in Economics of the Environment: Selected Readings . 5th ed. Edited by Robert N. Stavins. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 2005. ISBN: 9780393927016. Lofdahl, Corey L. Environmental Impacts of Globalization and Trade: A Systems Study. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002, chapter 5. ISBN: 9780262122450.
8	When Regimes Fail or States Collapse	Tainter, Joseph A. The Collapse of Complex Societies. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1988. ISBN: 9780521340922. Banister, Judith. “Impacts of Migration to China’s Border Regions.” In Demography and National Security. Edited by Myron Weiner and Sharon Stanton Russell. New York, NY: Berghahn Books, 2002, pp. 256-304. ISBN: 9781571812629. Goldstone, Jack A. “Demography, Environment, and Security: An Overview.” In Demography and National Security. Edited by Myron Weiner and Sharon Stanton Russell. New York, NY: Berghahn Books, 2002, pp. 38-61. ISBN: 9781571812629. Choucri, Nazli, and Robert C. North. “Population and (In)Security: National Perspectives and Global Imperatives.” In Building a New Global Order: Emerging Trends in International Security. Edited by David B. Dewitt, David Haglund, and John Kirton. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1994, pp. 229-56. ISBN: 9780195409642.
9	When Wars Happen	Jacobsen, Karen, and Steven Wilkinson. “Refugee movements as Security Threats in Sub-Saharan Africa.” In International Migration and Security. Edited by Myron Weiner. San Francisco, CA: Westview Press, 1993, pp. 201-228. ISBN: 9780813387741. Brawley, Mark R. The Politics of Globalization. Orchard Park, NY: The Broadview Press, 2002. ISBN: 9781551112800. Choucri, N., S. Madnick, and M. Siegel. “Improving National and Homeland Security through Context Knowledge Representation Technologies.” In Emergent Information Technologies and Enabling Policies for Counter Terrorism (IEEE Press Series on Computational Intelligence). Edited by Robert L. Popp and John Yen. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2006, pp. 139-164. ISBN: 9780471776154.
Part III: Implications and Inferences
10	Technology Imperatives	Durch, William J. “Keepers of the Gates: National Militaries in an Age of International Population Movement.” In Demography and National Security. Edited by Myron Weiner and Sharon Stanton Russell. New York, NY: Berghahn Books, 2002, pp. 109-153. ISBN: 9781571812629. Holdren, John P., and R. K. Pachauri. “Energy.” In An Agenda of Science for Environment and Development into the 21st Century: Based on a Conference Held in Vienna, Austria in November 1991. Edited by James Dooge, Maureen Brennan, and the International Council of Scientific Unions. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 103-118. ISBN: 9780521437615. Landes, David S. “Homo Faber, Homo Sapiens: Knowledge, Technology, Growth, and Development.” Chapter 5 in The Knowledge Economy . Edited by Dale Neef. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997. ISBN: 9780750699365. Bohn, Roger E. “Measuring and Managing Technological Knowledge.” Chapter 10 in The Knowledge Economy . Edited by Dale Neef. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997. ISBN: 9780750699365. Arthur, W. Brian. “Increasing Returns and the New World of Business.” Chapter 6 in The Knowledge Economy . Edited by Dale Neef. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997. ISBN: 9780750699365.
11	Managing Security and Sustainability	Ostrom, Elinor. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1990. ISBN: 9780521405997. Keohane, Robert O. “International Institutions: Two Approaches.” International Studies Quarterly 32 (1988): 379-96. Holling, C. S. “Sustainability: The Cross-Scale Dimension.” In Defining and Measuring Sustainability: The Biogeophysical Foundations. Edited by Mohan Munasinghe and Walter Shearer. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1995, pp. 65-75. ISBN: 9780821331347. Weiss, Edith Brown. “Intergenerational Equity: Toward an International Legal Framework.” In Global Accord: Environmental Challenges and International Responses. Edited by Nazli Choucri. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995, pp. 333-53. ISBN: 9780262531344.
12	Design Systems for Security and Sustainability	Haas, Peter M., and Jan Sundgren. “Evolving International Environmental Law: Changing Practices of National Sovereignty.” In Global Accord: Environmental Challenges and International Responses. Edited by Nazli Choucri. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995, pp. 401-429. ISBN: 9780262531344. Sands, Philippe. “International Law in the Field of Sustainable Development: Emerging Legal Principles.” In Sustainable Development and International Law. Edited by Winfried Lang. New York, NY: Springer, 1995, pp. 53-66. ISBN: 9781859661796. Jacoby, Henry D., Ronald Prinn, and Richard Schmalensee. “Kyoto’s Unfinished Business.” Chapter 25 in Economics of the Environment. 5th ed. Edited by Robert N. Stavins. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 2005. ISBN: 9780393927016.