The grainy image on a television screen shows John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon standing at podiums.

1960 Presidential candidates John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon during one of their televised debates. While most radio listeners considered Nixon the victor, most television watchers rated Kennedy higher. The effects of candidate appearance on elections is one of the topics discussed in this course. (Image courtesy of James Vaughan on flickr. License CC BY-NC-SA.)

Image courtesy of James Vaughan on flickr. License CC BY-NC-SA.