Civil Society, Social Capital, and the State in Comparative Perspective

Readings

WEEK #	TOPICS	READINGS
Introduction
1	Organizational Meeting
2	Why Should we Care about Civil Society and Social Capital	Required Readings Bellah, Robert N., et al. Chapters Preface, 1, 2, 7, 8, and 10 in Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life, 2nd ed. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1996. ISBN: 9780520205680. Putnam, Robert D., Robert Leonardi, and Raffaella Y. Nanetti. Chapters 1, 3, 4, and 6 in Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994. ISBN: 9780691037387. Putnam, Robert D. Chapters 17-20 in Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2000. ISBN: 9780684832838. Ganguly, Meenakshi. “A Banking System Built for Terrorism.” Time, October 5, 2001.
What Are Civil Society and Social Capital? Concepts and Conceptual Evolution
3	Civil Society and Associations	Required Readings Sorauf, Frank. “The Conceptual Muddle.” In The Public Interest: Nomos V. Edited by Carl J. Friedrich. Rockaway Beach, NY: Lieber-Atherton, 1962, pp. 490-94. ISBN: 9780883110416. Vallier, Ivan. “Empirical Comparisons of Social Structure: Leads and Lags.” In Comparative Methods in Sociology: Essays on Trends and Applications. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1971, pp. 223-27. ISBN: 9780520017436. Locke, Richard, and Kathleen Thelen. “Problems of Equivalence in Comparative Politics: Apples and Oranges, Again.” Newsletter of the APSA Organized Section in Comparative Politics 8, no. 1 (Winter 1998): 1-9. Seligman, Adam. “The Modern Idea of Civil Society.” In The Idea of Civil Society. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995, pp. 15-58. ISBN: 9780691010816. Marx, Karl. Excerpts from “On the Jewish Question.” In The Civil Society Reader. Edited by Hodgkinson and Foley. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 2003, pp. 96-112. ISBN: 9781584652786 Tocqueville, De Alexis. Excerpts from “Democracy in America.” In The Civil Society Reader. Edited by Hodgkinson and Foley. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 2003, pp. 113-32. ISBN: 9781584652786 Foley, Michael, and Bob Edwards. “Beyond Tocqueville: Civil Society and Social Capital in Comparative Perspective.” American Behavioral Scientist 42, no. 1 (September 1998): 5-20. Hann, Chris. Introduction in Civil Society: Challenging Western Models. Edited by Hann and Dunn. New York, NY: Routledge, 1996. ISBN: 9780415132183. Hall, Peter Dobkin. “A Historical Overview of Philanthropy, Voluntary Associations, and Nonprofit Organizations in the United States, 1600-2000.” Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations. To be published in The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook, 2nd ed. Edited by W.W. Powell & R. Steinberg. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, in preparation. (PDF) Weller, Robert. Chapters 2, and 5 in Alternate Civilities: Democracy and Culture in China and Taiwan. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2001. ISBN: 9780813339313. Keane, John. “Global Civil Society?” Chapter 2 in Global Civil Society 2002. Edited by Helmut Anheier, Marlies Glasius, and Mary Kaldor. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN: 9780199251681. Supplemental Readings Geremek, Bronislaw. “Civil Society Then and Now.” Chapter 20 in The Global Resurgence of Democracy. Edited by Diamond and Plattner. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. ISBN: 9780801853050. Gallie, W. B. “Essentially Contested Concepts.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 51 (1956). Thagard, Paul. “The Problem of Revolutionary Conceptual Change.” Chapter 1 in Conceptual Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992.
4	Social Capital, Networks, and Norms	Required Readings Coleman, James. “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital.” American Journal of Sociology 94 (1988): S95-S120. Granovetter, Mark. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78 (1973): 1360-1380. Portes, Alejandro. “Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology.” Annual Review of Sociology 24 (1998): 1-24. Putnam, Robert D., Robert Leonardi, and Raffaella Y. Nanetti. Chapters 5, and 6 in Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994. ISBN: 9780691037387. Putnam, Robert D. Chapters 17-20 in Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2000. ISBN: 9780684832838. Putnam, Robert D., and Kristin Goss. Introduction in Democracies in Flux: The Evolution of Social Capital in Contemporary Society. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2004. ISBN: 9780195171600. Ostrom, Elinor, and T. K. Ahn. Introduction in Foundations of Social Capital. Edited by Ostrom, and Ahn. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2003. ISBN: 9781840648270. Foley, Michael, and Bob Edwards. “Escape from Politics? Social Theory and the Social Capital Debate.” American Behavioral Scientist 40, no. 5 (1997): 550-61.
5	What Factors Affect Civil Society and Social Capital?	Required Readings Skocpol, Theda. “United States: From Membership to Advocacy.” In Democracies in Flux: The Evolution of Social Capital in Contemporary Society. Edited by Robert Putnam. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2004. ISBN: 9780195171600. Putnam, Robert D. Chapters 10-15 in Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2000, pp. 183-286. ISBN: 9780684832838. (Skim.) Norris, Pippa. “The Impact of Television on Civic Malaise.” In Disaffected Democracies: What’s Troubling the Trilateral Countries. Edited by Susan Pharr, and Robert Putnam. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000, pp. 231-51. ISBN: 9780691049243. Heying, Charles H. “Civic Elites and Corporate Delocalization: An Alternative Explanation for Declining Civic Engagement.” In Beyond Tocqueville: Civil Society and the Social Capital Debate in Comparative Perpsective. Edited by Bob Edwards, Michael W. Foley, and Mario Diani. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 2001, pp. 101-11.S. ISBN: 9781584651253. Curtis, James E., Douglas E. Baer, and Edward G. Grabb. “Nations of Joiners: Explaining Voluntary Association Membership in Democratic Societies.” American Sociological Review 66, no. 6 (December 2001): 783-805. McDonough, Peter, Doh C. Shin, and Jose Alvaro Moises. “Democratization and Participation: Comparing Spain, Korea, and Brazil.” Journal of Politics 60, no. 4 (November 1998): 919-953. Persell, Caroline Hodges. “The Interdependence of Social Justice and Civil Society.” Sociological Forum 12, no. 2 (June 1997): 149-72. Mishler, William, and Richard Rose. “Trust, Distrust, and Skepticism: Popular Evaluations of Civil and Political Institutions in Post-Communist Societies.” Journal of Politics 59, no. 2 (May 1997): 418-51. Sampson, Steven. “The Social Life of Projects: Importing Civil Society to Albania.” Civil Society: Challenging Western Models. Edited by Chris Hann, and Elizabeth Dunn. London: Routledge, 1996. ISBN: 9780415132183. Hansmann, Henry. “Economic Theories of Nonprofit Organization.” In The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook. Edited by Walter Powell. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987, pp. 27-42. ISBN: 9780300037029. Inoguchi, Takashi. “Broadening the Basis of Social Capital in Japan.” In Democracies in Flux: The Evolution of Social Capital in Contemporary Society. Edited by Robert Putnam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780195150896. Supplementary Readings Chapters 1, and 5 on Great Britain and Germany in Democracies in Flux: The Evolution of Social Capital in Contemporary Society. Edited by Robert Putnam. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2004. ISBN: 9780195171600. Crowley, Jocelyn Elise, and Theda Skocpol. “The Rush to Organize: Explaining Associational Formation in the United States, 1860s-1920s.” American Journal of Political Science 45, no. 4 (October 2001): 813-29. Brehm, John, and Wendy Rahn. “Individual-Level Evidence for the Causes and Consequences of Social Capital.” American Journal of Political Science 41, no. 3 (July 1997). Paxton, Pamela. “Is Social Capital Declining in the United States? A Multiple Indicator Assessment.” American Journal of Sociology 105, no. 1 (July 1999). Douglas, James. “Political Theories of Nonprofit Organization.” The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook. Edited by Walter Powell. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987, pp. 43-54. ISBN: 9780300037029.
What Effects Do Civil Society and Social Capital Have?
6	Development	Required Readings Evans, Peter. “Introduction: Development Strategies Across the Public-Private Divide,” and “Government Action, Social Capital, and Development: Reviewing the Evidence of Synergy.” In State-Society Synergy: Government and Social Capital in Development. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997. ISBN: 9780877251941. Ostrom, Elinor. “Crossing the Great Divide: Coproduction, Synergy, and Development.” In State-Society Synergy: Government and Social Capital in Development. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997. ISBN: 9780877251941. Woolcock, Michael. “Social Capital and Economic Development.” Theory and Society 27, no. 2: 151-208. Evans, Peter. Chapter 3 in Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995. ISBN: 9780691037363. Fukuyama, Francis. “Social Capital and the Global Economy.” Foreign Affairs 74, no. 5 (September/October 1995). Luo, Tar-Der. “The Significance of Networks in the Initiation of Small Businesses in Taiwan.” Sociological Forum 12, no. 2: 297-317. Elyachar, Julia. “Empowerment Money: The World Bank, Non-Governmental Organizations, and the Value of Culture in Egypt.” Public Culture 14, no. 3: 493-513. Supplementary Readings Rao, Vijayendra. “Poverty and Public Culture.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, no. 573: 85-104.
7	Regime Change and Democratization	Required Readings Diamond, Larry. “Toward Democratic Consolidation.” In The Global Resurgence of Democracy. Edited by Larry Diamond, and Marc Plattner. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. pp. 227-240. ISBN: 9780801853050. Paley, Julia. Marketing Democracy: Power and Social Movements in Post-Dictatorship Chile. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001, pp. 1-20, 143-181. ISBN: 9780520227682. Harik, Iliya. “Pluralism in the Arab World.” Chapter 23 in The Global Resurgence of Democracy. Edited by Diamond, and Plattner. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. ISBN: 9780801853050. Ekiert, Grzegorz, and Jan Kubik. Chapter 2 in Rebellious Civil Society: Popular Protest and Democratic Consolidation in Poland 1989-1993. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780472110278. Fish, Steven M. “Russia’s Fourth Transition.” Journal of Democracy 5, no. 3 (July 1994): 31-43. Gibson, James. “Social Networks, Civil Society, and the Prospects for Consolidating Russia’s Democratic Transition.” American Journal of Political Science 45, no. 1 (January 2001): 51-68. Perry, Elizabeth, and Ellen Fuller. “China’s Long March Toward Democracy.” World Policy Journal 8, no. 4 (1991): 663-85. Gyimak-Boadi, E. “Civil Society in Africa.” Journal of Democracy 7, no. 2 (April 1996): 118-132. Supplementary Readings Norton, Augustus Richard. Foreword and Introduction in _Civil Society in the Middle East. Boston, MA: Brill Academic Publishers, 1996. ISBN: 9789004100398. Toprak, Binnaz. “Civil Society in Turkey.” Chapter 3 in Civil Society in the Middle East. Edited by Norton. Boston, MA: Brill Academic Publishers, 1996. ISBN: 9789004100398. Ding, X. L. “Institutional Amphibiousness and the Transition from Communism: The Case of China.” British Journal of Political Science, no. 24 (1994): 293-318. Diamond, Larry. “Nigeria: The Uncivic Society and the Descent into Praetorianism.” Chapter 9 in Politics in Developing Countries: Comparing Experiences with Democracy. Edited by Diamond, Linz, and Lipset. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1990. ISBN: 9781555872120.
8	Governmental Performance, Public Goods Provision, and State Capacity	Required Readings Levi, Margaret. “A State of Trust.” Chapter 4 in Trust and Governance. Edited by Braithwaite and Levi. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 2003. ISBN: 9780871541352. Narayan, Deepa. “Bonds and Bridges: Social Capital and Poverty.” World Bank, July 1999. Lam, Wai Fung. “Institutional Design of Public Agencies and Coproduction: A Study of Irrigation Associations in Taiwan.” In State-Society Synergy: Government and Social Capital in Development. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997. ISBN: 9780877251941. Miguel, Edward, and Mary Kay Gugerty. “Ethnic Diversity, Social Sanctions, and Public Goods Provision in Kenya.” August 2004. (PDF) Tsai, Lily L. “Cadres, Temple and Lineage Institutions, and Governance in Rural China.” The China Journal 48 (2002): 1-27 Salamon, Lester. “Of Market Failure, Voluntary Failure, and Third-Party Government: Toward a Theory of Government-Nonprofit Relations in the Modern Welfare State.” Journal of Voluntary Action Research 16, no. 1/2: 35-61.
9	International Politics and Globalization	Required Readings Chapter 1 in Global Civil Society 2001. Edited by Helmut Anheier, Marlies Glasius, and Mary Kaldor. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN: 9780199251681. Jamwal, N. S. “Hawala - The Invisible Financing System of Terrorism.” Day After India, December 16-31, 2002. Schramm, Matthias, and Markus Taube. “Evolution and Institutional Foundation of the Hawala Financial System.” Report, German Institute for Economic Research, DIW-Berlin. June 2002. Khagram, Sanjeev, James Riker, and Kathryn Sikkink. “From Santiago to Seattle: Transnational Advocacy Groups Restructuring World Politics.” Chapter 1 in Restructuring World Politics: Transnational Social Movements, Networks, and Norms. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780816639076. Sikkink, Kathryn. “Restructuring World Politics: The Limits and Asymmetries of Soft Power.” Chapter 15 in Restructuring World Politics: Transnational Social Movements, Networks, and Norms. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780816639076. Brysk, Alison. “From Above and Below: Social Movements, the International System, and Human Rights in Argentina.” Comparative Political Studies, no.3: 259-85. Howell, Jude, and Jenny Pearce. “Manufacturing Civil Society from the Outside: Donor Interventions.” Chapter 5 in Civil Society and Development. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2001. ISBN: 9781555876197. Helliwell, John. “Maintaining Social Ties: Social Capital in a Global Information Age.” Keynote address to the 75th Anniversary Conference of the University of Tilburg on Sustainable Ties in the Information Society. March 26-28, 2003. Fisher, William. “Doing Good? The Politics and Antipolitics of NGO Practices.” Annual Review of Anthropology 26 (1997): 439-464. Iriye, Akira. “A Century of NGOs.” Chapter 13 in The Ambiguous Legacy: U.S. Foreign Relations in the “American Century”. Edited by Michael J. Hogan. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780521779777.
10	Domestic Politics and Policymaking	Required Readings Varshney, Ashutosh. “Ethnic Conflict and Civil Society: India and Beyond.” World Politics 53, no. 3 (2001): 362-98. Schrepfer, Susan. “Establishing Administrative ‘Standing’: The Sierra Club and the Forest Service, 1897-1956.” In American Forests: Nature, Culture, and Politics. Edited by C. Miller. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1997, pp. 125-42. ISBN: 070060849. Skocpol, Theda. Chapter 6 in Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995. ISBN: 9780674717664. Weller, Robert. “Forms of Association and Social Action: Taiwan’s Environmental Movement.” Chapter 6 in Alternate Civilities: Democracy and Culture in China and Taiwan. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2001. ISBN: 9780813339313. Clemens, Elisabeth. “Organizational Repertoires and Institutional Change: Women’s Groups and the Transformation of American Politics, 1820-1890.” Chapter 3 in Civic Engagement in American Democracy. Edited by Theda Skocpol and Morris P. Fiorina. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780815728092. Tarrow, Sidney. “Mad Cows and Social Activists: Contentious Politics in the Trilateral Democracies.” Chapter 12 in Disaffected Democracies: What’s Troubling the Trilateral Countries? Edited by Susan Pharr and Robert Putnam. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. ISBN: 9780691049243.
How Do Civil Society and Social Capital Work? Causal Mechanisms
11	Political Voice, Skills, and Participation	Required Readings Sidney Verba. “The Origins and Political Consequences of Social Capital.” Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780674942936. Scholzman, Kay Lehman, Sidney Verba, and Henry Brady. “Civic Participation and the Equality Problem.” Chapter 12 in Civic Engagement in American Democracy. Edited by Theda Skocpol and Morris P. Fiorina. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780815728092. Cohen, Joshua, and Joel Rogers. “Secondary Associations in Democratic Governance.” Politics and Society 20 (1992): 393-472. Berry, Jeffrey. “The Rise of Citizen Groups.” Chapter 10 in Civic Engagement in American Democracy. Edited by Theda Skocpol and Morris P. Fiorina. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780815728092. Fiorina, Morris. “Extreme Voices: A Dark Side of Civic Engagement.” Chapter 11 in Civic Engagement in American Democracy. Edited by Theda Skocpol and Morris P. Fiorina. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780815728092. Reid, Elizabeth. “Nonprofit Advocacy and Political Participation.” Chapter 9 in Nonprofits and Government: Collaboration and Conflict. Edited by E. T. Boris and C. E. Steuerle. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780877666875.
12	Trust, Reciprocity, and Obligation	Required Readings Hechter, Michael. Chapters 2 and 3 in Principles of Group Solidarity. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988. ISBN: 9780520064621. Axelrod, Robert. Chapter 1 in The Evolution of Cooperation. (Chapter 9 Optional.) New York, NY: Basic Books, 1985. ISBN: 9780465021215. Putnam, Robert. “Reciprocity, Honesty, and Trust.” Chapter 8 in Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2000. ISBN: 9780684832838. Hardin, Russell. “Trust in Government.” Chapter 1 in Trust and Governance. Edited by Braithwaite and Levi. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 2003. ISBN: 9780871541352. Tyler, Tom. “Trust and Democratic Governance.” Chapter 11 in Trust and Governance. Edited by Braithwaite and Levi. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 2003. ISBN: 9780871541352. Peel, Mark. “Trusting Disadvantaged Citizens.” Chapter 13 in Trust and Governance. Edited by Braithwaite and Levi. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 2003. ISBN: 9780871541352. Braithwaite, John. “Institutionalizing Distrust, Enculturating Trust.” Chapter 14 in Trust and Governance. Edited by Braithwaite and Levi. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 2003. ISBN: 9780871541352. Hardin, Russell. “The Street-Level Epistemology of Trust.” Politics and Society 21 (1993): 505-31. Yang, Mayfair Mei-Hui. Gifts, Favors, and Banquets: The Art of Social Relationships in China. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994, pp. 75-108. ISBN: 9780801495922. Supplementary Readings Gouldner, Alvin. “The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement.” American Sociological Review 25, no. 2 (April 1960): 161-78. Sahlins, Marshall. Stone-Age Economics. New York, NY: Routledge, 2003, pp. 185-232. ISBN: 9780415320108.
How Do We Use These Concepts? Issues of Application and Measurement
13	Operationalization and Hypothesis Testing	Required Readings A variety of existing survey instruments for social capital and civil society studies. (To be determined.) Putnam, Robert D., Robert Leonardi, and Raffaella Y. Nanetti. Chapter 4 in Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994. ISBN: 9780691037387. (Re-read.) Jackman, Robert, and Ross Miller. “A Renaissance of Political Culture?” American Journal of Political Science 40 (1996): 632-59. ———. “Social Capital and Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 1 (1998): 47-73. Tonoyan, Vartuhi. “The Bright and Dark Sides of Trust: Corruption and Entrepreneurship - A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Emerging vs. Market Economies.” Paper presented at the International Conference on Trust and Entrepreneurial Behavior in East and West European Economies: Concepts, Developments, and Comparative Aspects. University of Bremen, September 2003. Sampson, Robert, Jeffrey Morenoff, and Thomas Gannon-Rowley. “Assessing ‘Neighborhood Effects’: Social Processes and New Directions in Research.” Annual Review of Sociology 28 (2002): 443-78. Scholz, John. “Trust, Taxes, and Compliance.” Chapter 6 in Trust and Governance. Edited by Braithwaite and Levi. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 2003. ISBN: 9780871541352. Morgan, Stephen L. and Aage B. Sorensen. “Parental Networks, Social Closure, and Mathematics Learning: A Test of Coleman’s Social Capital Explanation of School Effects.” American Sociological Review 64 (October 1999): 661-81. Hall, Peter Dobkin. “Historical Statistics of the United States Chapter on Voluntary, Nonprofit, and Religious Entities and Activities: Underlying Concepts, Concerns, and Dilemmas.” Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations, November 1998. Supplementary Readings Verba, Sidney. “Cross-National Survey Research: The Problem of Credibility.” In Comparative Methods in Sociology: Essays on Trends and Applications. Edited by Ivan Vallier. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1974. ISBN: 9780520024885.