Musical Analysis

Readings and Music

Notes on the Table

Citations in the Musical Works column include links to online public domain scores and suggested recordings.

• Scores: the link on a work’s title goes to the relevant page at the Internet Music Score Library Project (IMSLP).

LEC #	TOPICS	READINGS	MUSICAL WORKS (SCORES & RECORDINGS)
I: Introduction
1-4	What is musical analysis? Writing about music	Tovey, Sir Donald Francis. “Haydn, Pianoforte Sonata in E Flat, No. 1.” In Essays in Musical Analysis: Chamber Music. Vol. VII. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1944, pp. 93-104. Harris, Ellen. “Ground Bass Techniques.” Chapter 8 in Henry Purcell’s ‘Dido and Aeneas’. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1988, pp. 107, and 116-119. ISBN: 9780193152533. Epstein, David. “Rhythmic/Metric Structure: Examples.” Chapter 3 in Shaping Time: Music, the Brain, and Performance. New York, NY: Schirmer Books, 1995. ISBN: 9780028733203. Kerman, Joseph. “The Razumovsky Quartets.” Chapter 5 in The Beethoven Quartets. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co., 1979. ISBN: 9780393009095.	Haydn, Franz Joseph. Piano Sonata No. 52 in E flat, 1st movement. Solo Piano Music: Haydn, Schumann, Handel, Brahms, Reger, Smetena. András Schiff, piano. Warner Classics, 2007. Purcell, Henry. “Dido’s Lament” (‘When I am laid in earth’, no. 37) from Dido and Aeneas. Dido and Aeneas. Jessye Norman, soprano; English Chamber Orchestra, Raymond Leppard, conductor. Philips, 1990. Haydn, Franz Joseph. Symphony No. 101 in D major, Movement III (Minuet). The “London” Symphonies: nos. 100-104. New York Philharmonic, Leonard Bernstein. Sony Classical, 1992. Beethoven, Ludwig van. String Quartet No. 8 in E Minor, Op. 59, No. 2, 1st movement. Beethoven: The Complete String Quartets, Vol. 2. Julliard String Quartet. Analysis examples: see study materials.
II: Rhythm and phrase
5-8	Meter, rhythm, grouping, phrase. Musical form: Period, section, ‘binary’ and ‘rounded binary’ form	Cooper, Grosvenor, and Leonard B. Meyer. “Definitions and Principles,” and “Rhythms on Lower Architectonic Levels.” Chapters 1 and 2 in The Rhythmic Structure of Music. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1963. ISBN: 9780226115221. Lerdahl, Fred, and Ray Jackendoff. “Introduction to Rhythmic Structure.” Chapter 2 in A Generative Theory of Tonal Music. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996. ISBN: 9780262621076. Cone, Edward T. “The Picture and the Frame: The Nature of Musical Form.” Chapter 1 in Musical Form and Musical Performance. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co., 1968. ISBN: 9780393097672.	Schumann, Robert. Excerpts from Kinderszenen, Op. 15. Schumann: Kinderszenen/Carnaval/Faschingsschwank aus Wien. Daniel Barenboim, piano. Deutsche Grammophon, 1991. Haydn, Franz Joseph. Symphony No. 101 in D major, Movement III (Minuet). The “London” Symphonies: nos. 100-104. New York Philharmonic, Leonard Bernstein. Sony Classical, 1992. Analysis examples: see study materials.
III: Melody and line
9-12	Melodic prolongation; contrapuntal, decorative tones versus structural tones; ‘reduction’	Christ, William, et al. “Basic Melody,” and “Melodic Elaboration.” Chapters 7 and 8 in Materials and Structure of Music, vol. 1. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1980. ISBN: 9780135604175. Forte, Allen, and Steven E. Gilbert. “Melodic Diminutions.” Chapter 1 in Introduction to Schenkerian Analysis. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co., 1982. ISBN: 9780393951929.	Bellini, Vincenzo. Norma, Act I, scene 4, Scena e Cavatina, “Casta Diva.” Norma. Maria Callas, soprano; Orchestra e Corro del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Tullio Serafin, conductor. Recorded September 5-12, 1960. EMI Classics, 1997. Chopin, Frederic. Etude in F minor, Op. 25, No. 2. Steinway Legends: Martha Argerich. Deutsche Grammophon, 2006. ———. Prelude Op. 28, No. 6 in B minor. Chopin: 24 Preludes; Polonaise-fantaisie. Loius Lortie. Chandos, 1998. Bach, J. S. Two Part Invention, No. 13, BWV 784, in A Minor. Inventionen & Sinfonien: The Two-Part and Three-Part Inventions. Kenneth Gilbert. Archiv/Polygram, 1990. Analysis examples: see study materials.
IV: Harmony and voice leading
13-14	Harmonic prolongation 1 (local)	Schenker, Heinrich. “Scale-Steps and Harmony,” and “Scale-Step and Counterpoint.” Chapters 1 and 2 of Section II “Theory of Scale-Steps” in Harmony. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1980. ISBN: 9780226737348.	Bach, J. S. Motet “Jesu, meine Freude” (BWV 227) Bach: Motets. Scholars Baroque Ensemble. Naxos, 1997. ———. Chorale Preludes I (Orgelbüchlein) “Jesu, meine Freude” (no. 12, BWV 610) Bach: Orgelbuchlein. Wolfgang Zerer, organ. Haenssler Classics, 1999.
15-16	Harmonic prolongation 2 (large scale, modulation)	Salzer, Felix. “Structure and Prolongation I,” and “Structure and Prolongation II.” Chapters 5 and 6 in Structural Hearing. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 1962. ISBN: 9780486222752. ([View this work](http://books.google.com/books?id=GzaYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA97=onepage ) in Google Books.)	Mozart, Wolfgang A. Piano Sonata in A major, K. 331. Alicia de Larrocha II: Great Pianists of the 20th Century. Alicia de Larrocha, piano. Philips, 1999. Schumann, Robert. “Wenn ich in deiner Augen seh,” from Dichterliebe, Op. 48. An die Musik. Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau. Deutsche Grammophon, 2005. Analysis examples: see study materials.
V: Motive and theme
17-18	Melodic/rhythmic/harmonic characteristics; motivic transformation; ‘Basic shape’ (Grundgestalt)	Reti, Rudolph. “The Thematic Plan of the Ninth Symphony,” and “Schumann’s Kinderszenen: A ‘Theme with Variations.’” Chapters 1 and 2 in The Thematic Process In Music. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press Reprint, 1978. ISBN: 9780837198750. (Reprint of Faber & Faber 1961.) Epstein, David. Beyond Orpheus: Studies in Musical Structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1979, chapters 2 and 3. ISBN: 9780262550543.	Brahms, Johannes. “Intermezzo No. 2 in A,” from 6 Klavierstücke, Op. 118. Brahms: Works for Solo Piano. Julius Katchen, piano. London/Decca, 1997. Schumann, Robert. “Wenn ich in deiner Augen seh,” from Dichterliebe, Op. 48. An die Musik. Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau. Deutsche Grammophon, 2005. ———. Excerpts from Kinderszenen, Op. 15. Schumann: Kinderszenen/Carnaval/Faschingsschwank aus Wien. Daniel Barenboim, piano. Deutsche Grammophon, 1991. Analysis examples: see study materials.
19-20	Oral presentations
VI: Sonata form
21-23	Sonata form	Berry, Wallace. “Sonata.” Chapter 6 in Form in Music. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1985. ISBN: 9780133292855. Rosen, Charles. “Theories of Form.” Chapter 2 in The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven. Expanded ed. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co, 1998. ISBN: 9780393317121.	Beethoven, Ludwig van. Violin Sonata No. 9 in A Major, Op. 47 ("Kreutzer “), first movement. Beethoven: Violin concerto, “Kreutzer” sonata. Vadim Repin, violin. Deutsche Grammophon, 2007.
VII: Program music
24-25	Program music	Kivy, Peter, et al. “Symposium: On Kivy’s Philosophy of Music.” Journal of Aesthetic Education 27, no. 1 (Spring 1993): 1-29.	Strauss, Richard. Tod und Verklärung, Op. 24. James Levine: a celebration in music. MET Orchestra. Deutsche Grammophon, 2003. Analysis examples: see study materials.