Environmental Justice Law and Policy

Full Bibliography

Dates of reading assignments can be found on the main Readings page.

• Ackerman, Frank, and Lisa Heinzerling. 2002. “Pricing the Priceless: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Environmental Protection” (PDF - 1.7 MB). University of Pennsylvania Law Review 150 (5): 1553–1584.
• Agreement Between Cal. Dep’t of Pesticide Regulation and U.S. EPA, Angelita C. v. Cal. Dep’t of Pesticide Regulation (PDF) (Aug. 24, 2011) (Angelita C. settlement).
• American Lung Association v. Environmental Protection Agency, 134 F.3d 388 (D.C. Cir. 1998).
• Anguelovski, Isabelle, James J. T. Connolly, Laia Masip, and Hamil Pearsall. 2018. “Assessing Green Gentrification in Historically Disenfranchised Neighborhoods: A Longitudinal and Spatial Analysis of Barcelona.” Urban Geography 39 (3): 458–491.
• Anguelovski, Isabelle, Linda Shi, Eric Chu, Daniel Gallagher, Kian Goh, Zachary Lamb, Kara Reeve, and Hannah Teicher. 2016. “Equity Impacts of Urban Land Use Planning for Climate Adaptation: Critical Perspectives from the Global North and South.” Journal of Planning Education and Research 36 (3): 333–348.
• Anguelovski, Isabelle. 2014. Neighborhood as Refuge: Community Reconstruction, Place Remaking, and Environmental Justice in the City. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262525695.
• Anthony, Carl. 2005. “The Environmental Justice Movement: An Activist’s Perspective.” In Power, Justice, and the Environment: A Critical Appraisal of the Environmental Justice Movement, edited by David Naguib Pellow and Robert J. Brulle, pp. 91–98. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262661935.
• Appadurai, Arjun. 2006. “The Right to Research.” Globalisation, Societies and Education 4 (2):167–77.
• Arcaya, Mariana C., Alina Schnake-Mahl, Andrew Binet, Shannon Simpson, Maggie Super Church, and Vedette Gavin. 2018. “Community Change and Resident Needs: Designing a Participatory Action Research Study in Metropolitan Boston.” Health & Place 52: 221–230.
• Arnold, Craig Anthony. 1998. “Planning Milagros: Environmental Justice and Land Use Regulation.” Denver University Law Review 76 (1): 1–153.
• Auyero, Javier, and Débora Alejandra Swistun. 2009. Flammable: Environmental Suffering in an Argentine Shantytown. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780195372939.
• Bassey, Nnimmo et al. 2001. “Letter from Nnimmo Bassey, Oilwatch Africa et al. to George W. Bush, President of the United States,” April 19, 2001.
• Bean v. Southwestern Waste Management Corporation, 482 F. Supp. 673 (S.D. Tex. 1979), aff’d, 780 F.2d 1038 (5th Cir. 1986).
• Been, Vicki, and Francis Gupta. 1997. “Coming to the Nuisance or Going to the Barrios? A Longitudinal Analysis of Environmental Justice Claims.” Ecology Law Quarterly 24 (1): 1–56.
• Been, Vicki. 1993. “What’s Fairness Got to Do with It? Environmental Justice and the Siting of Locally Undesirable Land Uses” (PDF 1.8 MB). Cornell Law Review 78 (6): 1001–1085.
• ———. 1994. “Compensated Siting Proposals: Is It Time to Pay Attention?” (PDF - 2.58 MB). Fordham Urban Law Journal 21 (3): 787–826.
• Boyce, James K., and Manuel Pastor. 2013. “Clearing the Air: Incorporating Air Quality and Environmental Justice into Climate Policy” (PDF - 2.8 MB). Climatic Change 120 (4): 801–814.
• Braz, Rose, and Craig Gilmore. 2006. “Joining Forces: Prisons and Environmental Justice in Recent California Organizing” (PDF). Radical History Review 2006 (96): 95–111.
• Bryant, Bunyan, and Elaine Hockman. 2005. “A Brief Comparison of the Civil Rights Movement and the Environmental Justice Movement.” In Power, Justice, and the Environment: A Critical Appraisal of the Environmental Justice Movement, edited by David Naguib Pellow and Robert J. Brulle. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262661935.
• Buford, Talia. 2017. “Has the Moment for Environmental Justice Been Lost?” ProPublica, July 24, 2017.
• Bullard, Robert D. 1990. “Environmentalism and Social Justice.” In Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality. Boulder: Westview Press. ISBN: 9780813367927.
• Bullard, Robert D., and Glenn S. Johnson. 2000. “Environmental Justice: Grassroots Activism and Its Impact on Public Policy Decision Making.” Journal of Social Issues 56 (3): 555–578.
• Bullard, Robert D., Paul Mohai, Robin Saha, and Beverly Wright. 2007. “Toxic Wastes and Race at Twenty: 1987–2007” (PDF - 6.3 MB). Cleveland, OH: United Church of Christ.
• Calpotura, Francis. 1994. “Why the Law?” Race, Poverty and the Environment 5 (2–3).
• Capps, Kriston. 2018. “Why Are These Tiny Towns Getting So Much Hurricane Harvey Aid?” CityLab, October 3, 2018.
• Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government. 1993. “Risk and the Environment: Improving Regulatory Decision Making” (PDF - 1.1 MB). Carnegie Corporation of New York.
• Chavez, Cesar. 1986. “Wrath of Grapes Boycott Speech” (PDF).
• Checker, Melissa. 2011. “Wiped Out by the ‘Greenwave’: Environmental Gentrification and the Paradoxical Politics of Urban Sustainability.” City & Society 23 (2): 210–229.
• City of Boston Mayor’s Office of Resilience and Racial Equity. 2017. “Resilient Boston: An Equitable and Connected City” (PDF - 111 MB).
• Cleveland National Forest Foundation v. San Diego Association of Governments, 3 Cal.5th 497 (Cal. 2017).
• Coates, Ta-Nehisi. 2015. Between the World and Me. New York: Spiegel & Grau. ISBN: 9780525510307.
• Cole, Luke W. 1992. “Empowerment as the Key to Environmental Protection: The Need for Environmental Poverty Law.” Ecology Law Quarterly 19 (4): 619–683.
• Cole, Luke W., and Sheila R. Foster. 2001. “A History of the Environmental Justice Movement” and “Processes of Struggle: Grassroots Resistance and the Structure of Environmental Decisionmaking.” In From the Ground Up: Environmental Racism and the Rise of the Environmental Justice Movement. New York: New York University Press. ISBN: 9780814715376.
• Comments on Draft Revised Guidance for Investigating Title VI Administrative Complaints Challenging Permits by Professor Eileen Gauna, the Environmental Council of the States (ECOS), and the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM).
• Commonwealth of Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs 2002. “Environmental Justice Policy” (PDF).
• Complaint Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Angelita C. v. Cal. Dep’t of Pesticide Regulation (PDF), No. 16R-99-R9 (1999).
• Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, 42 U.S.C. Ch. 103 §§ 9601, 9607, 9621.
•  Corburn, Jason. 2005. Street Science: Community Knowledge and Environmental Health Justice. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262532723.
• Council on Environmental Quality Regulations, 40 C.F.R. §§ 1502, 1508.
• Council on Environmental Quality, Executive Office of the President, Environmental Justice Guidance Under the National Environmental Policy Act (1997).
• Cutter, Susan L., and Christina Finch. 2008. “Temporal and Spatial Changes in Social Vulnerability to Natural Hazards.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 (7): 2301–2306.
• Delegates to the First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit. 1991. “Principles of Environmental Justice.”
• Dowdell v. City of Apopka, 698 F.2d 1181 (11th Cir. 1983).
• Draft Revised Guidance for Investigating Title VI Administrative Complaints Challenging Permits, 65 Fed. Reg. 39,667 (June 27, 2000).
• Driesen, David M. 2017. “The Ends and Means of Pollution Control: Toward a Positive Theory of Environmental Law.” Utah Law Review 2017 (1): 57–113.
• Environmental Justice Leadership Forum, Comment Letter on Clean Power Plan (PDF), EPA Docket No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2013-0602 (Dec. 1, 2014).
• Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations (PDF), Exec. Order No. 12,898, 59 Fed. Reg. 7629 (Feb. 11, 1994).
• Fischer, Frank. 2000. Citizens, Experts, and the Environment: The Politics of Local Knowledge. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN: 9780822326229.
• Foster, Sheila R. 2002. “Environmental Justice in an Era of Devolved Collaboration” (PDF - 6.6 MB). Harvard Environmental Law Review 26: 459–499.
• Freeland, William T.D. 2004. “Environmental Justice and the Brownfields Revitalization Act of 2001: Brownfields of Dreams or a Nightmare in the Making.” Journal of Gender, Race and Justice 8: 183–209.
• Gotham, Kevin Fox. 2015. “Limitations, Legacies, and Lessons: Post-Katrina Rebuilding in Retrospect and Prospect.” American Behavioral Scientist 59 (10): 1314–1326.
• Greater New Orleans Fair Housing Action Center et al. v. St. Bernard Parish et al., 641 F. Supp. 2d 563 (E.D.La. 2009).
• H.R. 109, 116th Congress, 1st Session (Feb. 7 2019).
• H.R. 2486, Equity and Inclusion Enforcement Act, 115th Congress (May 17, 2017).
• Haraway, Donna. 1988. “Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective” (PDF). Feminist Studies 14 (3): 575–599.
• Harvey, David. 1996. Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN: 9781557866813.
• Hersher, Rebecca, and Robert Benincasa. 2019. “How Federal Disaster Money Favors The Rich.” NPR All Things Considered.
• Hilmers, Angela, David C. Hilmers, and Jayna Dave. 2012. “Neighborhood Disparities in Access to Healthy Foods and Their Effects on Environmental Justice.” American Journal of Public Health 102 (9): 1644–1654.
• Hino, Miyuki, Christopher B. Field, and Katharine J. Mach. 2017. “Managed Retreat as a Response to Natural Hazard Risk.” Nature Climate Change 7: 364–370.
• Howell, Junia, and James R. Elliott. 2019. “Damages Done: The Longitudinal Impacts of Natural Hazards on Wealth Inequality in the United States.” Social Problems 66 (3): 448–467.
• In the Matter of Louisiana Energy Services, L.P. (PDF), 45 N.R.C. 367, 1997 WL 458771 (May 1, 1997).
• International Climate Justice Network. 2002. “Bali Principles of Climate Justice” (PDF).
• Johnson, Stephen M. 1999. “Economics v. Equity: Do Market-Based Environmental Reforms Exacerbate Environmental Injustice?” (PDF - 3.9 MB). Washington and Lee Law Review 56 (1): 111–166.
• Karkkainen, Bradley C. 2000. “Information as Environmental Regulation: TRI and Performance Benchmarking, Precursor to a New Paradigm?” Georgetown Law Journal 89 (2): 257–370.
• ———. 2008. “Bottlenecks and Baselines: Tackling Information Deficits in Environmental Regulation.” Texas Law Review 86: 1409–1444.
• Kuehn, Robert R. 1996. “The Environmental Justice Implications of Quantitative Risk Assessment.” University of Illinois Law Review 1996: 103–172.
• ———. 2000. “A Taxonomy of Environmental Justice” (PDF). Environmental Law Reporter 30: 10681–10703.
• LaDuke, Winona. 1999. All Our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life. Cambridge, MA: South End Press. ISBN: 9780896085992.
• Lazarus, Richard J. 1993. “Pursuing ‘Environmental Justice’: The Distributional Effects of Environmental Protection” (PDF - 4.9 MB). Northwestern University Law Review 87 (3): 787–825.
• Lazarus, Richard J., and Stephanie Tai. 1999. “Integrating Environmental Justice into EPA Permitting Authority.” Ecology Law Quarterly 26 (4).
• Lee, Jee Young, and Shannon Van Zandt. 2019. “Housing Tenure and Social Vulnerability to Disasters: A Review of the Evidence.” Journal of Planning Literature 34 (2): 156–170.
• Letter from Rafael DeLeon, Dir. U.S. EPA, Office of Civil Rights, to Christopher Reardon, Acting Dir., Cal. Dep’t of Pesticide Regulation (PDF - 2.7 MB) (Apr. 22, 2011) (Angelita C. preliminary finding).
• Lim, Audrea. 2019. “How the Green New Deal Can Deliver Land Justice.” Jacobin, May 19, 2019.
• Livermore, Michael A., and Richard L. Revesz. 2014. “Rethinking Health-Based Environmental Standards.” NYU Law Review 89 (4): 1184–1267.
• Loh, Penn, and Boone Shear. 2015. “Solidarity Economy and Community Development: Emerging Cases in Three Massachusetts Cities.” Community Development 46 (3): 244–260.
• Loh, Penn, and Jodi Sugerman-Brozan. 2002. “Environmental Justice Organizing for Environmental Health: Case Study on Asthma and Diesel Exhaust in Roxbury, Massachusetts.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 584: 110–124.
• Loh, Penn, and Phoebe Eng, eds. “Environmental Justice and the Green Economy: A Vision Statement and Case Studies for Just and Sustainable Solutions” (PDF - 2.7 MB). 2010. Roxbury, MA: Alternatives for Community and Environment.
• Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency, 549 U.S. 497 (2007).
• Memorandum from Gary S. Guzy, Gen. Counsel, U.S. EPA, to certain EPA Assistant Administrators, “EPA Statutory and Regulatory Authorities Under Which Environmental Justice Issues May Be Addressed in Permitting” (PDF) (Dec. 1, 2000).
• Michigan et al. v. Environmental Protection Agency (PDF), 576 U.S. ____ (2015).
• Mohai, Paul, and Robin Saha. 2015. “Which Came First, People or Pollution? A Review of Theory and Evidence from Longitudinal Environmental Justice Studies.” Environmental Research Letters 10 (12): 1–17.
• Moore, Richard, and Jeanne Gauna. 1990. “Letter from Richard Moore, Co-Director and Jeanne Gauna, Co-Director, SouthWest Organizing Project, to Jay D. Hair, President, National Wildlife Federation” (PDF - 3.1 MB). March 16, 1990.
• Morello-Frosch, Rachel, Manuel Pastor, Jr., James L. Sadd, Carlos Porras, and Michele Prichard. 2005. “Citizens, Science, and Data Judo: Leveraging Secondary Data Analysis to Build a Community-Academic Collaborative for Environmental Justice in Southern California.” In Methods in Community-Based Participatory Research for Health, edited by Barbara A. Israel, Eugenia Eng, Amy J. Schulz, and Edith A. Parker. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• National Environmental Justice Advisory Council. 2004. “Ensuring Risk Reduction in Communities with Multiple Stressors: Environmental Justice and Cumulative Risks/Impacts” (PDF - 2.5 MB). National Environmental Justice Advisory Council.
• National Environmental Policy Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 4331, 4332.
• Overdevest, Christine, and Brian Mayer. 2008. “Harnessing the Power of Information Through Community Monitoring: Insights from Social Science.” Texas Law Review 86: 1493–1526.
• Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2015. “Adoption of the Paris Agreement” (PDF - 4.3 MB). United Nations.
• Pastor, Manuel, Robert D. Bullard, et al. 2006. In the Wake of the Storm: Environment, Disaster, and Race After Katrina (PDF - 5.7 MB). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
• Pellow, David Naguib. 2000. “Environmental Inequality Formation: Toward a Theory of Environmental Injustice.” American Behavioral Scientist 43 (4): 581–601.
• ———. 2002. Garbage Wars: The Struggle for Environmental Justice in Chicago. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262661874.
• ———. 2007. Resisting Global Toxics: Transnational Movements for Environmental Justice. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262662017.
• Penniman, Leah. 2015. “Radical Farmers Use Fresh Food to Fight Racial Injustice and the New Jim Crow.” YES! Magazine, September 5, 2015.
• Pulido, Laura. 1996. “A Critical Review of the Methodology of Environmental Racism Research” (PDF - 1.5 MB). Antipode 28 (2): 142–159.
• ———. 1996. Environmentalism and Economic Justice: Two Chicano Struggles in the Southwest. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. ISBN: 9780816516056.
• ———. 2016. “Flint, Environmental Racism, and Racial Capitalism.” Capitalism Nature Socialism 27 (3): 1–16.
• Rabin, Yale. 1989. “Expulsive Zoning: The Inequitable Legacy of Euclid.” In Zoning and the American Dream: Promises Still to Keep, edited by Charles M. Haar and Jerold S. Kayden. Chicago: Planners Press. ISBN: 9780918286574.
• Ranco, Darren J. 2009. “Models of Tribal Environmental Regulation: In Pursuit of a Culturally Relevant Form of Tribal Sovereignty” (PDF). The Federal Lawyer, 46–50.
• Rechtschaffen, Clifford. 2000. “Competing Visions: EPA and the States Battle for the Future of Environmental Enforcement.” Environmental Law Reporter 30: 10803.
• R.I.S.E. Inc. et al. v. Kay, 768 F. Supp. 1144 (E.D. Va. 1991).
• Schlosberg, David. 2004. “Reconceiving Environmental Justice: Global Movements and Political Theories.” Environmental Politics 13 (3): 517–540.
• South Camden Citizens in Action v. N.J. Dept. of Env. Prot., 145 F. Supp. 2d 446 (D.N.J. April 19, 2001).
• Standing Rock Sioux Tribe et al. v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Memorandum Opinion (PDF), No. 16-cv-01534-JEB (June 14, 2017).
• Suagee, Dean B. 1994. “Turtle’s War Party: An Indian Allegory on Environmental Justice.” Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation 9: 461–497.
• Summers, Lawrence H. 1991. “‘Dirty’ Industries: Internal Memo to The World Bank." (See also “Toxic Memo” in Harvard Magazine, May 1, 2001.)
• Sunstein, Cass R., and Robert W. Hahn. 2001. “A New Executive Order for Improving Federal Regulation? Deeper and Wider Cost-Benefit Analysis” (PDF). University of Pennsylvania Law Review 150: 1489–1552.
• Sze, Julie, and Elizabeth Yeampierre. 2017. “Just Transition and Just Green Enough: Climate Justice, Economic Development and Community Resilience.” In Just Green Enough: Urban Development and Environmental Gentrification, edited by Winifred Curran and Trina Hamilton. Routledge Equity, Justice and the Sustainable City Series. London: Routledge. ISBN: 9781138713796.
• Sze, Julie, and Jonathan K. London. 2008. “Environmental Justice at the Crossroads.” Sociology Compass 2 (4): 1331–1354.
• Sze, Julie. 2006. Noxious New York: The Racial Politics of Urban Health and Environmental Justice. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262693424.
• Targ, Nicholas. 2005. “The States’ Comprehensive Approach to Environmental Justice.” In Power, Justice, and the Environment: A Critical Appraisal of the Environmental Justice Movement, edited by David Naguib Pellow and Robert J. Brulle. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262661935.
• Taylor, Dorceta E. 1997. “American Environmentalism: The Role of Race, Class and Gender in Shaping Activism 1820-1995.” Race, Gender & Class 5 (1): 16–62.
• Texas Low Income Housing Information Service v. Ben Carson and HUD. 18-CV-00644 (D.D.C. March 20, 2018).
• Tickner, Joel, Carolyn Raffensperger, and Nancy Myers. 1999. “The Precautionary Principle in Action: A Handbook” (PDF). Science and Environmental Health Network.
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of General Counsel. 2011. “Plan EJ 2014: EJ Legal Tools” (PDF - 1.1 MB).
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. “EJ 2020 Action Agenda: The U.S. EPA’s Environmental Justice Strategic Plan for 2016–2020” (PDF - 5.0 MB).
• U.S. Government Accountability Office. 2005. “Environmental Justice: EPA Should Devote More Attention to Environmental Justice When Developing Clean Air Rules.”
• Utility Air Regulatory Group v. Environmental Protection Agency, et al., 573 U.S. ____ (2012)
• Walker, Alice. 1988. “Everything Is a Human Being.” In Living by the Word: Selected Writings, 1973–1987. San Diego: Harcourt, Brace and Company. ISBN: 9780156528658.
• Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc., 531 U.S. 457 (2001).