Introduction to Technology and Cities

Readings

WEEK #	Topics	READINGS
Part I: ICT and Community
1	Introduction
2	Neighborhood or Community? Community in the Networked Society	Singer, Jennifer. “Personal Perspective: Finding Community Through the Internet.” Los Angeles Times, December 31, 1995, M3. Ventura, Michael. “The 21st Century is Now: With Small, Everyday Choices - Whether to Greet a Stranger, Where to Buy a Carton of Milk - We’ve Already Determined the Shape and Feel of the Next Millennium.” Los Angeles Times Magazine, May 8, 1994, 22. Wellman, Barry, and Keith Hampton. “Living Networked On and Off Line.” Contemporary Sociology 28, no. 6 (1999): 648-654. Wellman, Barry, and Milena Gulia. “Net-Surfers Don’t Ride Alone: Virtual Communities as Communities.” In Networks in the Global Village. Edited by Barry Wellman. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999, pp. 331-366. ISBN: 0813368219. (PDF) Wellman, Barry. “Physical Place and Cyber Place: The Rise of Personalized Networking.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 25, no. 2 (2001): 227-252.
3	Community Lost or Saved: Social Impacts of ICTs	Kraut, R., V. Lunmark, M. Patterson, S. Kiesler, T. Mukopadhyay, and W. Scherlis. “Internet Paradox: A Social Technology That Reduces Social Involvement and Psychological Well-Being?” American Psychologist 53, no. 9 (1998): 1017-1031. Nie, Norman.“Sociability, Interpersonal Relations, and the Internet: Reconciling Conflicting Findings.” American Behavioral Scientist 45, no. 3 (2001): 420-435. Wellman, Barry, Anabel Quan, James Witte, and Keith Hampton. “Capitalizing on the Internet: Network Capital, Participatory Capital, and a Sense of Community.” In The Internet in Everyday Life. Edited by Barry Wellman and Caroline Haythornthwaite. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2002. ISBN: 0631235086. Sorin, Matei, and Sandra Ball-Rokeach. “Real and Virtual Social Ties: Connections in the Everyday Lives of Seven Ethnic Neighborhoods.” American Behavioral Scientist 45, no. 3 (2001): 550-564. Hampton, Keith. “Place-Based and IT Mediated Community.” Planning Theory and Practice 3, no. 2 (2002): 228-231.
4	Place-Based and IT Mediated Community	Hampton, Keith, and Barry Wellman. “Neighboring in Netville: How the Internet Supports Community, Social Support and Social Capital in a Wired Suburb.” City and Community 2, no. 4, 277-311. ———. “The Not so Global Village of Netville.” In The Internet in Everyday Life. Edited by Barry Wellman and Caroline Haythornthwaite. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2002. ISBN: 0631235086. Hampton, Keith. “Grieving For a Lost Network: Collective Action in a Wired Suburb.” The Information Society 19, no. 5, 417-428.
Part II: ICT and Planning
5-6	Modeling Urban Futures	Brail, R., and R. Klosterman, eds. Planning Support System: Integrating Geographic Information Systems, Models and Visualization Tools. Redlands, CA: ESRI Press, 2001. ISBN: 1589480112. Read Section 1, “An Overview of Planning Support Systems” (Chapters 1-4); also Chapter 7 (by John Landis) and Chapter 8 (by Paul Waddell) for two examples of modeling development potential and the spatial interaction of land use/transportation/environment. Laurini, R. “Systems Analysis and the Urban Planning Process.” Chapter 1 in Information Systems for Urban Planning. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis, 2001. ISBN: 0748409645. Shen, Qing. “A Spatial Analysis of Job Openings and Access in a U.S. Metropolitan Area.” Journal of the American Planning Association 67, no. 1 (2001): 53-68. Kawabata, Mizuki. “Access to Jobs: Transportation Barriers Faced by Low-Skilled Autoless Workers in U.S. Metropolitan Areas.” Ph.D. Thesis. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2002. Focus on Chapter 1 (Introduction), and Chapter 3 (Research Design).
7	Urban Spatial Structure: Understanding, Representing and Visualizing Place	Batty, Michael, et al. “Visualzing the City: Communicating Urban Design to Planners and Decision Makers.” Chapter 13 in Planning Support System: Integrating Geographic Information Systems, Models and Visualization Tools. Edited by R. Brail and R. Klosterman. Redlands, CA: ESRI Press, 2001. ISBN: 1589480112. (PDF - 3.3 MB) Singh, Raj. “Adapting Geographic Information Systems to Sketch Planning Needs.” MCP Thesis. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1996. An article based on this thesis is published in Environment and Planning B but is not available online. A shorter paper, “Sketch Planning with GIS,” was presented at the Summer Assembly of the University Consortium for Geographic Information Sciences (UCGIS), 1997. Srinivasan, S., and J. Ferreira. “Estimating and simulating the transportation impacts of neighborhood-level changes in spatial characteristics: a Boston Metropolitan Area study.” Paper presented at the ACSP Conference, Chicago, 1999.
8	Facilitating Dialogue, Evaluation, and Coordination	Laurini, R. “Computer Systems for Public Participation.” Chapter 9 in Information Systems for Urban Planning. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis, 1995. ISBN: 0748409645. Shiffer, Michael J. “Interactive Multimedia Planning Support: Moving from Stand-Alone Systems to the World Wide Web.” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 22 (2001): 649-664. ———. “Spatial Multimedia for Planning Support.” In Planning Support System: Integrating Geographic Information Systems, Models and Visualization Tools. Edited by R. Brail and R. Klosterman. Redlands, CA: ESRI Press, 2001. ISBN: 1589480112. Ferraz de Abreu, Pedro. “New Information Technologies in Public Participation: A Challenge to Old Decision-Making Institutional Frameworks.” Ph.D. Thesis. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2002. Focus on Chapter 1 (Introduction), Chapter 5 (The Experiment) and Chapter 6 (Discussing the Experiment).
Part III: ICT and Place
9	Public Space	Norris, Clive, and Gary Armstrong. The Maximum Surveillance Society: The Rise of CCTV. Oxford, UK: Berg Publishers, 1999. ISBN: 1859732267. (Selections) Graham, Stephen. Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition. London, UK: Routledge, 2001, chapter 6. ISBN: 0415189659. Ostwald, Michael. “Virtual Urban Futures.” In Virtual Politics: Identity and Community in Cyberspace. Edited by David Holmes. London, UK: Sage, 1997, pp. 125-144. ISBN: 0761956093. Dotinga, Randy. “Stalker Tech: Students at the University of California at San Diego are Tracking their Friends’ Locations with PDAs.” In Salon.com. June 11, 2002.
10	Private Space	Gurstein, Penny. Wired to the World, Chained to the Home: Telework in Daily Life. Vancouver, BC: University of Briitish Columbia Press, 2002. ISBN: 0774808470. (Selections) Michelson, William, Karin Palm Lindén, and Tomas Wikström. “Forward to the Past? Home-Based Work and the Meaning, Use, and Design of Residential Space.” Research in Community Sociology 9 (1999): 155-185.
11	Local and Global Development	Clarke, S., and Gary Gaile. The Work of Cities. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1998. ISBN: 0816628939. Graham, Stephen. Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition. London, UK: Routledge, 2001, chapter 7. ISBN: 0415189659. Wolfe, Mark R. “The Wired Loft: Lifestyle Innovation Diffusion and Industrial Networking in the Rise of San Francisco’s Multimedia Gulch.” Urban Affairs Review 34, no. 5 (1999): 707-728.
Part IV: ICT and Governance
12	E-government - Beyond Automation	Ferreira, Joseph, Jr. “Information Technologies that Change Relationships between Low-Income Communities and the Public and Non-profit Agencies that Serve Them.” Chapter 7 in High Technology and Low-Income Communities: Prospects for the Positive Use of Advanced Information Technology. Edited by D. Schon, W. Mitchell, and B. Sanyal. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998. ISBN: 026269199X. Fountain, Jane. Building the Virtual State: Information Technology and Institutional Change. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2001, chapters 1, 2, 6, 9 and 11. ISBN: 0815700776. NSF Digital Government Program.  Zuboff, Shoshana. “Informate the Enterprise.” Phi Kappa Phi Journal (Summer, 1991): 3-7. (This article summarizes key ideas in Zuboff, A. In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1989. ISBN: 0465032117.)
13	Financing and Managing Metro Information Infrastructure	National Research Council Mapping Science Committee. Toward a Coordinated Spatial Data Infrastructure. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1993, chapters 1-5. ISBN: 0309048990. ———. “Linking Remote Sensing and Social Science: The Need and the Challenges by R. Rindfuss and P. Stern,” “Extraction and Modeling of Urban Attributes Using Remote Sensing Technology by D. Cowen and J. Jensen.” In People and Pixels. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1998, chapters 1, 8. ISBN: 0309064082. “Coordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Access: The national Spatial Data Infrastructure.” The Federal Geographic Data Committee and Executive Order 12906. (PDF) Cahan, Bruce. “Strategic investing in Community GIS.” Presentation at Next Generation Community Statistical Systems Conference, Tampa. 2002.
14	Empowerment, Democracy, and Public Participation	Pickles, John, ed. Ground Truth: The Social Implications of Geographic Information Systems. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 1995. ISBN: 0898622956. (Read Chapter 1: Representations in an Electronic Age: Geography, GIS, and Democracy by John Pickles; and Chapter 2: GIS and Geographic Research by Michael Goodchild.) Ferraz de Abreu, Pedro. “New Information Technologies in Public Participation: A Challenge to Old Decision-Making Institutional Frameworks.” Ph.D. Thesis. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2002. (Focus on chapters 2, and 7.) Agre, Philip E., and Marc Rotenberg, eds. “Beyond the Mirror World: Privacy and the Representational Practices of Computing.” In Technology and Privacy: The New Landscape. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997, introduction and chapter 1. ISBN: 0262511010.