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The following notes are written by Sanjoy Mahajan and Dennis Freeman, and used with permission.

Complete course notes (PDF) 

Notes can also be downloaded by individual chapters.

Front matter (table of contents, preface) (PDF)            
Chapter 1: Difference equations (PDF)            
Chapter 2: Difference equations and modularity (PDF)            
Chapter 3: Block diagrams and operators: two new representations (PDF)            
Chapter 4: Modes (PDF)            
Chapter 5: Repeated roots (PDF)            
Chapter 6: The perfect (sine) wave (PDF)            
Chapter 7: Control (PDF)            
Chapter 8: Proportional and derivative control (PDF)            
Back matter (bibliography, index) (PDF)

Course Info

Spring 2026
Open Textbooks