Introduction to Housing, Community, and Economic Development

Readings

Required Texts

[AD] = Nicolas P. Retsinas, Eric S. Belsky, eds. Revisiting Rental Housing: Policies, Program, and Priorities. Brookings Institution Press, 2008. ISBN: 9780815774112.

[LB] = Blakely, and Leigh. Planning Local Economic Development: Theory and Practice. Sage Publications, 2013. ISBN: 9781412960939.

[SF] = Fainstein, Susan. The Just City. Cornell University Press, 2010. ISBN: 9780801446559. [Preview with Google Books]

[EM] = Moretti, Enrico. The New Geography of Jobs. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012. ISBN: 9780547750118. [Preview with Google Books]

[JD] = DeFilippis, James, and Susan Saegert. The Community Development Reader. Routledge, 2012. ISBN: 97804155007769. [Preview with Google Books]

[RP] = Pendall, Rolf, et al. The Geography of Opportunity: Race and Housing Choice in Metropolitan America. Edited by Xavier Briggs. Brookings Institution Press, 2005. ISBN: 9780815708735.

[IE] = James H. Carr, Nandinee K. Kutty, eds. Segregation: The Rising Costs for America. Routledge, 2008, pp. 261–78. ISBN: 9780415965347. [Preview with Google Books]

[JC] = Corburn, Jason. Toward the Healthy City: People, Places and the Politics of Urban Planning. MIT Press, 2009. ISBN: 9780262513074.

SES #	TOPICS	REQUIRED
Part I: Foundations
1	Introductory Class: The “just city” in context	[SF] Chapter 2 and 3: “Justice and Urban Transformation” and “New York.”
2	The Just City: Equitable development in comparative context	[SF] Chapter 1, 5, and 6: “Introduction,” “Amsterdam,” and “Conclusion.” Harvey, David. “Places, Regions, Territories.” Chapter 8 in Cosmopolitanism and the Geographies of Freedom. Columbia University Press, 2009, pp. 166–201. ISBN: 9780231148467. [Preview with Google Books] Teitz, Michael B., and Karen Chapple. “Planning and Poverty: An Uneasy Relationship.” In Policy, Planning, and People: Promoting Justice in Urban Development. Edited by Naomi Carmon and Susan S. Fainstein. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013, pp. 205–23. ISBN: 9780812222395. [Preview with Google Books]
3	Demographic shifts and neighborhood change: Segregation, migration, and aging	[RP] Chapter 1: Through ("…segregated housing patterns"), pp. 1–5. [RP] Chapter 2: More Pluribus, Less Unum? The Changing Geography of Race and Opportunity. Skim Main Findings [RP] Chapters 3 and 4. Massey, Douglas, ed. Chapters 1 and 2 in New Faces in New Places: The Changing Geography of American Immigration. Russell Sage Foundation, 2010, pp. 1–50. ISBN: 9780871545688. Myers, Dowell. Immigrants and Boomers: Forging a New Social Contract for the Future of America. Russell Sage Foundation, 2007, pp. 199–224. ISBN: 9780871546364. [Preview with Google Books]
4	Income, wealth, and the political economy of inequality	[EM] “Introduction.” [EM] Chapters 1 and 3. Levy, Frank, and Peter Temin. “Inequality and Institutions in 20th Century America.” (PDF) NBER Working Paper, 2007. Hacker, Jacob, and Paul Pierson. “The Winner Take All Economy.” Chapter 1 in Winner Take All Politics: How Washington Made the Rich Richer—and Turned Its Back on the Middle Class. Simon and Schuster, 2010, pp. 11–40. ISBN: 9781416588696. [Preview with Google Books]
5	Civic context: Engagement and political representation	Gilens, Marty. “Policy Consequences of Representational Inequality.” In Who Gets Represented. Edited by Enns and Wlezien. Russell Sage Foundation, 2011. ISBN: 9780871542427. Thompson, J. Phillip. “Is Empowerment Possible?” In Double Trouble: Black Mayors, Black Communities and the Call for a Deep Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN: 9780195177336. Newman, Katherine. “In the South and West, a Tax on Being Poor,” The New York Times, September 3, 2013. Cohen, Cathy J. “Minority Report: Kanye West, Barack Obama, and Political Alienation.” In Democracy Remixed: Black Youth and the Future of American Politics. Oxford University Press, 2010. ISBN: 9780195378009. [Preview with Google Books]
6	The nature of community in 21st century America: Networks, places, social capital	[JD] “What Community Supplies.” Chaskin, Robert. “Building Community Capacity A Definitional Framework and Case Studies from a Comprehensive Community Initiative.” Urban Affairs Review 36, no. 3 (2001): 291–323. Chaskin, Robert, and Mark Joseph. “Building ‘Community’ in Mixed-income Developments Assumptions, Approaches, and Early Experiences.” Urban Affairs Review 45, no. 3 (2010): 299–335. Briggs, Xavier, et al. Selected pages, including “When your Neighborhood is not your Community.” In Moving to Opportunity: The Story of an American Experiment to Fight Ghetto Poverty. Oxford University Press, 2010. ISBN: 9780195392845. [Preview with Google Books]
Part II: Community-based Organizing and Development
7	History and development: Politics and program	[JD] Chapter 1: Communities Develop: The Question is How? von Hoffman, Alexander. “The Past, Present and Future of Community Development in the United States.” In Investing in What Works for America’s Communities Essays on People Place & Purpose. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco and Low Income Investment Fund, 2012. ISBN: 9780615681528. [JD] DeFilippis, James. Chapter 3: Community Control and Development: The Long View. [JD] O’Connor, Alice. Chapter 2: Swimming Against the Tide: A Brief History of Federal Policy in Poor Communities.
8	Institutional context	Ferguson, Ronald F., and Sarah E. Stoutland. “Reconceiving the Community Development Field.” In Urban Problems and Community Development. Brookings Institution Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780815718758. Video Detroit LISC. “The History of Detroit LISC.” June 1, 2011. YouTube. (Approx 14 minutes.) [JD] Glickman, Norman J., and Lisa J. Servon. Chapter 6: More than Bricks and Sticks. Briggs, Xavier de Souza. “Rethinking Community Development.” (PDF) Working Smarter in Community Development, 2007. (Brief 1) Erickson, Peter J. “Building the Decentralized Housing Network” and “The Decentralized Housing Network and the Rise of a New Institution.” Chapters 2 and 5 in The Housing Policy Revolution: Networks and Neighbors. Urban Institute, 2009, pp. 35–68 and 145–61. ISBN: 9780877667605.
9	Governance at multiple scales (neighborhood, city, region)	[JD] Stoecker, Randy. “The CDC Model of Urban Development: A Critique and an Alternative.” [JD] Greenberg, David Micah. “How Does Community Matter for Community Organizing.” Briggs, Xavier de Souza. “Networks, Power and a Dual Agenda: New Lessons and Strategies for Old Community Building Dilemmas.” (PDF) Working Smarter in Community Development Series, 2007. (Brief 3) Meyerson, Harold. “L.A. Story.” The American Prospect, July-August 2013. Dreier, Peter, John Mollenkopf, et al. “A Metropolitics for the 21st Century.” In Place Matters: Metropolitics for the TwentyFirst Century. University Press of Kansas, 2014. ISBN: 9780700619276.
Part III: Affordable and Inclusionary Housing and Homeownership
10	Housing markets and policy: The basics	Kennedy, Margrit. “If Money Rules the World–Who Rules Money?” (PDF) Green Money, 2008. Schwartz, Alex F. Chapters 1 and 2 in Housing Policy in the United States. Routledge, 2014. ISBN: 9780415836500. Marcuse, Peter. “Housing Policy and the Myth of the Benevolent State.” In Critical Perspectives on Housing. Edited by Rachel Bratt, et al. Temple University Press, 1986. ISBN: 9780877223962.
11	Homeownership: The great American dream and the rude awakening	Vale, Lawrence J. “The Ideological Origins of Affordable Homeownership Efforts.” In Chasing the American Dream: New Perspectives on Affordable Homeownership. Edited by William M. Rohe and Harry L. Watson. Cornell University Press, 2007. ISBN: 9780801473616. [Preview with Google Books] Herbert, Christopher E., Daniel T. McCue, and Rocio Sanchez-Moyano. “Is Homeownership Still an Effective Means of Building Wealth for Low-Income and Minority Households?” and “Reexamining the Social Benefits of Homeownership after the Housing Crisis.” In Homeownership Built to Last: Balancing Access, Affordability, and Risk after the Housing Crisis. Edited by Eric S. Belsky, Christopher E. Herbert, and Jennifer H. Molinsky. Brookings Institution Press, 2014. ISBN: 9780815725640. [Preview with Google Books]
12	Rental housing	[AD] Downs, Anthony. “Introduction: Why Rental Housing is the Neglected Child of American Shelter.” [AD] Belsky, Eric, and Rachel Drew. “Rental Housing Challenges and Policy Responses.” [AD] Katz, Bruce, and Margery Turner. “Rethinking U.S. Rental Policy.” Haveman, Robert. “Do Housing Vouchers Work?” (PDF) Pathways 2013, pp. 15–17.
13	Housing as a market good: Gentrification and fair housing	Hwang, Jackelyn, and Robert Sampson. “Divergent Pathways of Gentrification: Racial Inequality and the Social Order of Renewal in Chicago Neighborhoods.” American Sociological Review 79, no. 4 (2014): 726–51. Desmond, Matthew. “Eviction and the Reproduction of Urban Poverty.” American Journal of Sociology 118 (2012): 88–133. Pattillo, Mary. “Housing: Commodity Versus Right.” Annual Review of Sociology 39 (2013): 509–31. Hartman, Chester. “The Case for a Right to Housing.” Shelterforce Online, no. 148 (2006). Godsil, Rachel, Olatunde Johnson, et al. “Neighborhood Gentrification.” 2014.
14	Public housing	Bristol, Katherine G. “The Pruitt-Igoe Myth.” Journal of Architectural Education 44, no. 3 (1991). Vale, Lawrence J. “Myth 6: Mixed-Income Redevelopment Is the Only Way to Fix Failed Public Housing.” In Public Housing Myths: Perception, Reality, and Social Policy. Edited by Nicholas Bloom, Fritz Umbach, and Lawrence J. Vale. Cornell University Press, 2015. ISBN: 9780801478741. [Preview with Google Books] Lewis, Victoria Ann. Beyond Victims and Villains: Contemporary Plays by Disabled Playwrights. Theatre Communications Group, 2005. ISBN: 9781559362504. HUD. “Choice Neighborhoods.” Program webpage. Stephens, Alexis. “Risks vs. Rewards: Inside HUD’s Favorite New Program.” Next City, 2014. Navarro, Mireya. “Public Housing in New York Reaches a Fiscal Crisis,” The New York Times, August 11, 2014.
15	Affordable housing, smart growth, and regional land use	[RP] “Connecting Smart Growth, Affordable Housing and Racial Equity.” Quigley, John M., Steven Raphael, et al. “Measuring Land Use Regulations and Their Effects in the Housing Market” (PDF - 1.2MB) with Commentaries by Richard K. Green and Stephen Malpezzi. Program on Housing and Urban Policy, 2009. Edward L. Glaeser, John M. Quigley, eds. Housing Markets and the Economy: Risk, Regulation, and Policy: Essays in Honor of Karl E. Case. Lincoln Institute of Land policy, 2009. ISBN: 9781558441842. Fisher, Lynn. “Reviewing Chapter 40B: What Gets Proposed, What Gets Approved, What Gets Appealed, and What Gets Built?” (Rappaport Institute Policy Brief, 2008)
16	Alternative housing models: Land trusts and more	[JD] Stone, Michael. “Social Housing.” Greenstein, Rosalind, and Yesim Sungu-Eryilmaz. “Community Land Trusts: A Solution for Permanently Affordable Housing.” Community-Wealth.org, 2012. Sazama, Gerald W. “Lessons from the History of Affordable Housing Cooperatives in the United States: A Case Study in American Affordable Housing Policy.” American Journal of Economics and Sociology 59, no. 4 (2000): 573–608.
17	Mobility and the tensions between fair housing, affordable housing, and community development	Pattillo, Mary, Sherrilyn Ifill, et al. “Why Integration?” 2014. Chetty, Raj, and Nathaniel Hendren. “The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility: Childhood Exposure Effects and County Level Estimates.” (PDF) Read Executive Summary, 2015. Mallach, Alan. “The Mount Laurel Doctrine And The Uncertainties Of Social Policy In A Time Of Retrenchment.” 63 Rutgers Law Review 849 (2010–2011). Gordon, Adam, Kathy O’Regan, et al. “Housing Subsidies and Inclusive Communities.” 2015. “Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing.” (PDF) Federal Register 80, no. 136 (2015): 42348–71. (Skim pages) Allen, Michael, Angela Glover Blackwell, et al. “A New Approach to Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing.” 2015.
Part IV: Local Economic Development
18	Introduction to LED	Fitzgerald, and Leigh. Chapter 1 in Economic Revitalization: Cases and Strategies for City and Suburb. Sage Publications, 2002. ISBN: 9780761916550. [Preview with Google Books] [LB] Chapters 1 and 2.
19	Workforce development and cooperative enterprise	Siegel, and Seidman. “The Economic Development and Workforce Development Systems: A Briefing Paper.” (PDF) Prepared for the Surdna Foundation, 2009. “The Field Guide to Investing in a Resilient Economy: Cleveland’s Evergreen Cooperatives.” Capital Institute, 2011. LA Apollo Alliance campaign for the City of LA “Good, Green, Safe Jobs: The Los Angeles Green Retrofit and Workforce Program.” (PDF) City of LA Green Retrofit and Workforce Program fact sheet.
20	Job quality and upgrading	Paul Osterman. Chapters 4, 7, and 8 in Good Jobs America: Making Work Better for Everyone. Russell Sage Foundations, 2011, pp. 1–8, 15–17, 81–88, and 101–4. ISBN: 9780871546630. [Preview with Google Books] The Editorial Board. “Redefining the Minimum Wage,” The New York Times, November 11, 2013. Gans, Herbert J. “The Age of the Superfluous Worker,” The New York Times, November 24, 2011.
21	Entrepreneurship and business development	Explore the nation’s major Small Business Portal operated by the Small Business Administration. [LB] Chapter 9: Business Development, pp. 265–91 only. Servon, Fairlie, Rastello, et al. “The Five Gaps Facing Small and Microbusiness Owners: Evidence From New York City.” Economic Development Quarterly 24, no. 2 (2010): 126–42. Website “Living Cities Integration Initiative.”
22	Fostering and upgrading manufacturing / Regional competitiveness, clusters and neighborhood linkages	Porter. “Clusters and the New Economics of Competition.” Harvard Business Review, 1998. [EM] Chapters 2 and 7. Erikson. “Big Ideas for Small Businesses: A Regional Jobs Accelerator.” Center for American Progress Blog, 2011. [LB] Typology of Planning Approaches, pp. 126–31. Initiative for a Competitive Inner City. “The Promise of Local Clusters.” Inner City Insights 1, no. 1 (2011). “Training 100,000 Low-Income Youth to Code: A Q&A with Van Jones.” Policy Link, 2014.
23	Toward the healthy city	Geronimus, L. E., and J. Phillip Thompson. “To Denigrate, Ignore or Disrupt: Racial Inequality in Health and the Impact of a Policy-Induced Breakdown of African-American Communities.” Du Bois Review 1, no. 2 (2004): 247–79. [JC] Chapters 1 and 7. Short video clips (local work on community health): U.S. Department of Health, and Human Services. “Determinants of Health: A Framework for Reaching Healthy People 2020 Goals.” November 23, 2010. YouTube. CAFreshWorks’s channel. “FreshWorks, California’s Healthy Food Financing Initiative.” July 18, 2011. YouTube. Reinvestment Fund. “Reinvestment Fund Profile: Progress Plaza.” November 1, 2010. YouTube.
Part V: Wrapping Up
24	Course review	MIT CoLab, et al. “Development Study for the Bronx Community Development Initiative.” (PDF - 5.6MB) 2012. Community Strategy Lab. “Caring for Today, Planning for Tomorrow.” (PDF) 2014. Read Introduction and Summary, pp. 11–39. [Brooklyn Interfaith hospital reuse project].
25	Final team briefings	Briggs, and Thompson. “Deep Democracy is not Meetings that Last Forever: Community Development Next.” Investing in What Works (SF: Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2012). Friedmann, John. “The Good City: In Defense of Utopian Thinking.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 24, no. 2 (2000): 460–72.