Business Model Innovation: Global Health in Frontier Markets

Readings

The videos listed below along with additional related videos are collected in Dr. Sastry’s YouTube playlist: Business Models for Scale & Sustainability in Global Health.

Please read the optional materials if your background knowledge in this domain needs to be shored up.

SES #	TOPICS	READINGS AND REQUIRED MATERIALS
Part One: Growth and Scale
1	Introduction to global health Challenges in reaching scale and why we focus on business models	Prepare to discuss CFW Shops and the challenges of reaching scale. Watch the video and read the two brief articles (plus two optional if needed) to prepare. Required Video “Health Care Franchise.” Week of May 25, 2007. PBS NOW. Accessed January 8, 2014. http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/321    You may skip the first two minutes: the content starts at 2:04 and ends at 26:48. Click through on the links for more information. This video first aired in May 2007, but the ideas remain relevant. Required Readings Kim, Peter, and Jeffrey Bradach. “Why More Nonprofits Are Getting Bigger.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2012.    A recent study found that the number of U.S. nonprofits with annual revenues of more than $50 million has increased dramatically. Rottenburg, Linda, and Rhett Morris. “If You Want to Scale Impact, Put Financial Results First.” Harvard Business Review, January 9, 2013. Harvard Business Review (blog).    Endeavor CEO Linda Rottenberg’s & director of Endeavor Insight, Rhett Morris’ inaugural article for HBR-Bridgespan Insight Center on Scaling Social Impact, which is a partnership between the Harvard Business Review and The Bridgespan Group, supported by the Omidyar Network that shares stories, insights, and lessons from the most innovative voices in the field. Optional Readings Magretta, Joan. “Why Business Models Matter.” Harvard Business Review, May 2002.    For MBA/Management background students from HBR 2002, good intro on business models. Bradach, Jeffrey. “Going to Scale: The Challenge of Replicating Social Programs.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2003, 19–25.
2	Cooperative approaches as growth strategies Case discussion: Hello Healthcare In-class call with CEO York Zucchi	Prepare Hello Healthcare case. Case Wocke, Albert. “Hello Healthcare: Taking a Cooperative Business into Africa.” Ivey Publishing. Case No. 9B13M076, August 7, 2013. Required Readings Guest, Peter. “Spelling Out Growth.” The Wall Street Journal, 2011. Johnson, Mark W., Clayton M. Christensen, et al. “Reinventing Your Business Model.” Harvard Business Review, December 1, 2008. York Zucchi biography (PDF)
3	Innovations in operational efficiency and potential for scaling up Case discussion: Riders for Health	Prepare case, reading, and video; individual assignment due today. Case Lee, Hau, and Brian Tayan. “Riders for Health. Health Care Distribution Solutions in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Harvard Business Publishing. Case No. GS58. Required Readings Yadav, Prashant, Orla Stapleton, et al. “Learning from Coca-Cola.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Winter 2013. Required Video RidersForHealthTV. “Uncommon Heroes – Riders for Health.” March 25, 2011. YouTube. Accessed January 10, 2014. http://www.youtube.com/user/RidersForHealthTV?v=KM80QCaVtr0&lr=1 Optional Videos RidersForHealthTV. “The Health Show: Sample Transport.” September 12, 2011. YouTube. Accessed January 10, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fOZ9wZJv1Y ———. “Alvin’s Good Guide to Business - Riders for Health.” April 27, 2011. YouTube. Accessed January 10, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qnCH5oAPcA
4	Business thinking, innovation and scale Case discussion: Avahan India AIDS Initiative	Prepare to discuss the case and readings in class. Case Cole, Claire. “The Avahan India AIDS Initiative: Managing Targeted HIV Prevention at Scale.” Global Health Delivery Project_._ Case No. GHD-020. Required Readings Kim, Jim Yong, Paul Farmer, et al. “Redefining Global Health-Care Delivery.” The Lancet 382, no. 9897 (2013): 1060–9. Optional Readings Sgaier, Sema K, et al. “How the Avahan HIV Prevention Program Transitioned from the Gates Foundation to the Government of India.” Health Affairs 32, no. 7 (2013): 1265–73. Rhatigan, et al. “Applying the Care Delivery Value Chain: HIV/AIDS Care in Resource Poor Settings.” (PDF) HBS Working Paper no. 09–093, 2009.
Part Two: Philanthropy and Partnerships
5	Workshop on strategy: Work in your teams to apply a strategy framework to the organization you are studying for your mini-case	Prepare readings. Required Reading Porter, M. E. “What is Value in Health Care?” (PDF) New England Journal of Medicine 363 (2010): 2477–81. Optional Readings Supplementary Appendix 1 (PDF) Supplementary Appendix 2 (PDF) to Porter, M. E. “What is Value in Health Care?” New England Journal of Medicine 363 (2010): 2477–81.
6	Public-private collaboration Case discussion: SMS for Life	Case Moncef, Anna, and Donald A. Marchand. “SMS for Life (A): A Public-private Collaboration to Prevent Stock-outs of Life-saving Malaria Drugs in Africa.” (PDF) IMD-3–2168, 2012. Kania, John, and Mark Kramer. “Collective Impact.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Winter 2011. Required Reading Gupta, Anil K. “Tapping the Entrepreneurial Potential of Grassroots Innovation.” Supplement to Stanford Social Innovation Review, Summer 2013. Optional Readings Hanleybrown, Fay, John Kania, et al. “Channeling Change: Making Collective Impact Work.” (PDF) Stanford Social Innovation Review, January 2012. Sekhri, Neelam, Richard Feachem, et al. “Public-Private Integrated Partnerships Demonstrate the Potential to Improve Health Care Access, Quality, and Efficiency.” Health Affairs 30, no. 8 (2011): 1498–1507. Jakobsen, Palle H., Ming-Wei Wang, et al. “Innovative Partnerships for Drug Discovery against Neglected Diseases.” Public Library of Science Neglected Tropical Diseases 5, no. 9 (2011): e1221.
Part Three: Promising Business Models
7	Innovative strategy meets innovative operations: A systems thinking assessment Case discussion: Aravind Eye Clinic and the application of strategy to the enterprise	Prepare to discuss the following in class, treating the materials as a case. Allow plenty of time to view video, paying careful attention to the underlying business model and taking notes. Required Video Thulasiraj Ravilla. “How Low-cost Eye Care can be World-class.” TED Talk. Filmed November 2009, posted December 2009. Accessed January 14, 2014. https://www.ted.com/talks/thulasiraj_ravilla_how_low_cost_eye_care_can_be_world_class Required Reading Rangan, V. Kasturi, and R. D. Thulasiraj. “The Aravind Eye Care System: Making Sight Affordable.” Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization 2, no. 4 (2007): 35–52.
8	Franchise models Case discussion: Living Goods and the promise of business-format franchise models	Prepare the following; draft executive summary and presentation deck due. Make an appointment to meet the TA for feedback this week. Case Gupta, Vivek, and Indu Perepu. “Living Goods – Developing a Sustainable Business Model to Provide Healthcare Services in Uganda.” ICMR IBS Case No. BECG104. 2009. Required Readings Beck, Steve, Wouter Deedler, et al. “Franchising in Frontier Markets.” Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization 5, no. 14 (2010): 153–62.    What’s working, what’s not, and why. “BRAC in Business.” February 18, 2010. The Economist. From the print edition. Smillie, Ian. “Learning, Development, and Money: Lessons from Bangladesh.” The Philanthropist 22, no. 2 (2009): 82–8. Optional Readings Section 3 Downstream distributors and Section 4 Franchising: Pindyk, Robert S. “Lecture Notes on Vertical Structure.” (PDF - 5.3MB) August 2011, pp. 21–5. Bishai, David M., et al. “Social Franchising to Improve Quality and Access in Private Health Care in Developing Countries.” (PDF - 5.2MB) Harvard Health Policy Review 9, no. 1 (2008): 184–97. Spainhower, Kirsten. “BRAC: A Laboratory for Systemic Solutions.” Development Outreach 12, no. 1 (2010): 44–55. Huffington Post BRAC article    Chowdhury, Mushtaque. “Saving Lives and Livelihoods: Resilience in the Context of Health.” Huffington Post Impact. TropIKA.net team. “Chowdhury Champions Constant Learning, Evaluation and Innovation in Research.” October 13, 2010. TropIKA.net (blog).
9	Organizational sustainability and scale Case discussion: Narayana Hrudayalaya	Prepare Case and Reading. Case Khanna, Tarun, and V. Kastguri Rangan. “Narayana Hrudayalaya Heart Hospital: Cardiac Care for the Poor (A).” Harvard Business School, Case # 50578-PDF-ENG. Required Reading Prahalad, C. K., and R. A. Mashelkar. “Innovation’s Holy Grail.” Harvard Business Review, July 1, 2010.
Part Four: New Ideas and Challenging Tradeoffs in Scale, Sustainability, and Impact
10	First set of student team presentations Special guest: Rebecca Weintraub Discussion on links to learning and innovation theme	Read and carefully consider the following along with the executive summaries provided by each of today’s presenting groups. Also read the guests’ bios. Required Readings Milway, Katie Smith, and Amy Saxton. “The Challenge of Organizational Learning.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Summer 2011. Seelos, Christian, and Johanna Mail. “Innovate and Scale: A Tough Balancing Act.” Supplement to Stanford Social Innovation Review, Summer 2013. Rebecca Weintraub biography (PDF)
11	Second set of student team presentations Special guests: Tricia Morente and Ratan Tata Discussion on transfer and reverse innovation	Read and carefully consider the following along with the executive summaries provided by each of today’s presenting groups. Also read the guests’ bios. Required Readings Govindrajan, Vijay, and Chris Trimble. “Partners in Health’s Radical Model for Care: Adapting Emerging-Market Healthcare Innovations to Rich-World Populations.” Harvard Business Press Chapters. April 10, 2012. Prod. # 9211BC-PDF-ENG. Onie, Rebecca, Paul Farmer, et al. “Realigning Health with Care.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Summer 2012. Tricia Morente biography (PDF) Ratan Tata biography (PDF) Optional Readings DePasse, Jacqueline W., and Patrick T. Lee. “A Model for ‘Reverse Innovation’ in Health Care.” Globalization and Health 9, no. 40 (2013).
12	Third set of student team presentations Special guests: Srishti Gupta and Heather Megosh Wrap-up discussion reflecting on class themes	Read the executive summaries provided by each of today’s presenting groups, and the guests’ bios. Biographies for class guests, Srishti Gupta and Heather Megosh (PDF)