RES.21G-01 | Spring 2010 | Undergraduate

Kana

Hiragana

Textbook 
Characters 
Exercises 
Handouts 
Quizzes 
Worksheets

Textbook

Material on this page refers to lessons from the following textbook:

Jorden, Eleanor Harz. Japanese: The Spoken Language, Part 1. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987. ISBN: 9780300038347.

Characters

Follow the links from the column headings to study that whole column, or click on each individual character. The “n-” and “w-” columns are included in “r”, and the “y-” column is included in “m”.

Each character page contains an image of the character, a short movie of how it is written, and examples of words using the character. The movies were created by Saeko Komori, Chubu University. You will hear the following words while watching the movies: nagareru (flow), haneru (hook), and tomeru (stop). Pay attention to these three points when practicing writing. Please see the JP Net Kanji Project for more details.

n w r y m h n t s k    
a
      i
    u
      e
  o

Exercises

The following exercises provide a short introduction to the character sounds and reading practice.

Handouts

These pages contain further information about word and sentence construction in hiragana.

Quizzes

Test your knowledge of characters and vocabulary.

Note: JavaScript must be enabled to use these resources.

Worksheets

For further study, worksheets are available to print out.

Topics PDF
“a” - “ko” (あ - こ) (PDF)
“sa” - “to” (さ - と) (PDF)
“na” - “ho” (な - ほ) (PDF)
“ma” - “yo” (ま - よ) (PDF)
“ra” - “n” (ら - ん) (PDF)
Voiced (が - ) (PDF)
C + y + V (き ゃ - ) (PDF)
Words & Phrases (PDF)

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: a

Usage Examples:
ああ (aa) Oh
あした (asita/ashita) tomorrow
あそこ (asoko) over there

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: a

Usage Examples:
ああ (aa) Oh
あした (asita/ashita) tomorrow
あそこ (asoko) over there

Stroke order**:** (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: i

Usage Examples:
いと (ito) thread
こい (koi) carp
たいこ (taiko) drum
おいしい (oisii/oishii) delicious

Stroke order**:** (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: u

Usage Examples:
くうき (kuuki) air
うし (usi/ushi) cow

Stroke order**:** (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: e

Usage Examples:
え (e) picture
いえ (ie) house
えき (eki) station

Stroke order**:** (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: o

Usage Examples:
しお (sio/shio) salt
おか (oka) hill
おおさか (oosaka) Osaka (City)

[“ka” - “ko”] [Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: e

Usage Examples:
え (e) picture
いえ (ie) house
えき (eki) station

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ha

Usage Examples:
はた (hata) flag
はな (hana) flower
はし (hashi) chopstick
はなします to speak

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ha

Usage Examples:
はた (hata) flag
はな (hana) flower
はし (hashi) chopstick
はなします to speak

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: hi

Usage Examples:
ひ (hi) fire
ひと (hito) person
ひとつ (hitotu/hitotsu) one unit

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: hu/fu

Usage Examples:
ふえ (fue) flute
ふたつ (hutatu/futatsu) two units
ふね (fune) boat

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: he

Usage Examples:
へた (heta) unskillful
へそ (heso) belly button

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ho

Usage Examples:
ほし (hoshi) star
ほか (hoka) other
ほね (hone) bone
 

[“ma” - “yo”] [Home] [“na” - “no”]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: he

Usage Examples:
へた (heta) unskillful
へそ (heso) belly button

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: hi

Usage Examples:
ひ (hi) fire
ひと (hito) person
ひとつ (hitotu/hitotsu) one unit

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ho

Usage Examples:
ほし (hoshi) star
ほか (hoka) other
ほね (hone) bone

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: hu/fu

Usage Examples:
ふえ (fue) flute
ふたつ (hutatu/futatsu) two units
ふね (fune) boat

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: i

Usage Examples:
いと (ito) thread
こい (koi) carp
たいこ (taiko) drum
おいしい (oisii/oishii) delicious

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ka

Usage Examples:
かい (kai) sea shells
かき (kaki) oyster
かかし (kakasi/kakashi) scarecrow
 

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ka

Usage Examples:
かい (kai) sea shells
かき (kaki) oyster
かかし (kakasi/kakashi) scarecrow

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ki

Usage Examples:
き (ki) tree
きく (kiku) chrysanthemum
つき (tuki/tsuki) moon

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ku

Usage Examples:
くつ (kutu/kutsu) shoe
くち (kuti/kuchi) mouth
いく (iku) to go

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ke

Usage Examples:
こけ (koke) moss
けいこ (keiko) Keiko (female name)

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ko

Usage Examples:
こし (kosi/koshi) lower back
しこく (sikoku/shikoku) Shikoku Island

[“sa” - “so”] [Home] [“a” - “o”]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ke

Usage Examples:
こけ (koke) moss
けいこ (keiko) Keiko (female name)

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ki

Usage Examples:
き (ki) tree
きく (kiku) chrysanthemum
つき (tuki/tsuki) moon

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ko

Usage Examples:
こし (kosi/koshi) lower back
しこく (sikoku/shikoku) Shikoku Island

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ku

Usage Examples:
くつ (kutu/kutsu) shoe
くち (kuti/kuchi) mouth
いく (iku) to go

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ma

Usage Examples:
まいにち (mainiti/mainichi) every day
あたま (atama) head

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ma

Usage Examples:
まいにち (mainiti/mainichi) every day
あたま (atama) head

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: mi

Usage Examples:
かみ (kami) paper
みみ (mimi) ear
みなみ (minami) south
うみ (umi) sea

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: mu

Usage Examples:
ねむい (nemui) sleepy
むし (musi/mushi) insect

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: me

Usage Examples:
あめ (ame) rain
ゆめ (yume) dream

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: mo

Usage Examples:
のみもの (nomimono) drinks
かいもの (kaimono) shopping
くも (kumo) cloud

 

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ya

Usage Examples:
やま (yama) mountain
やさしい (yasasii/yasashii) easy

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: yu

Usage Examples:
ゆき (yuki) snow
ゆみや (yumiya) bow and arrow

 

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: yo

Usage Examples:
よる (yoru) night
よこ (yoko) side

[“ra” - “n”] [Home] [“ha” - “ho”]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: me

Usage Examples:
あめ (ame) rain
ゆめ (yume) dream

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: mi

Usage Examples:
かみ (kami) paper
みみ (mimi) ear
みなみ (minami) south
うみ (umi) sea

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: mo

Usage Examples:
のみもの (nomimono) drinks
かいもの (kaimono) shopping
くも (kumo) cloud

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: mu

Usage Examples:
ねむい (nemui) sleepy
むし (musi/mushi) insect

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: n

Usage Examples:
きんこ (kinko) safe
せんす (sensu) fan
ほん (hon) book
あんまり (anmari) not very

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: na

Usage Examples:
なか (naka) inside
ない (nai) not exist
さなえ (sanae) Sanae (female name)

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: na

Usage Examples:
なか (naka) inside
ない (nai) not exist
さなえ (sanae) Sanae (female name)

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ni

Usage Examples:
かに (kani) crab
にし (nishi) west

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: nu

Usage Examples:
いぬ (inu) dog
きぬ (kinu) silk
ぬの (nuno) cloth

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ne

Usage Examples:
ねこ (neko) cat
おかね (okane) money

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: no

Usage Examples:
あのこ (anoko) that child
のみます (nomimasu) to drink

[“ha” - “ho”] [Home] [“ta” - “to”]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ne

Usage Examples:
ねこ (neko) cat
おかね (okane) money

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ni

Usage Examples:
かに (kani) crab
にし (nishi) west

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: no

Usage Examples:
あのこ (anoko) that child
のみます (nomimasu) to drink

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: nu

Usage Examples:
いぬ (inu) dog
きぬ (kinu) silk
ぬの (nuno) cloth

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: o

Usage Examples:
しお (sio/shio) salt
おか (oka) hill
おおさか (oosaka) Osaka (City)

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: o

Usage Examples:
ほんをかいさう (honokaimasu) I (will) buy a book

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ra

Usage Examples:
さくら (sakura) cherry blossoms
まくら (makura) pillow
らいねん (rainen) next year
さら (sara) plate

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ra

Usage Examples:
さくら (sakura) cherry blossoms
まくら (makura) pillow
らいねん (rainen) next year
さら (sara) plate

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ri

Usage Examples:
はかり (hakari) scale
となり (tonari) next to
おつり (oturi/otsuri) change (of money)

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ru

Usage Examples:
よる (yoru) night
さる (saru) monkey
ふるい (hurui/furui) old

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: re

Usage Examples:
あれ (are) that one over there
れきし (rekisi/rekishi) history

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ro

Usage Examples:
しろい (siroi/shiroi) white
くろい (kuroi) black
こころ (kokoro) heart

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: wa

Usage Examples:
にわ (niwa) garden
かわ (kawa) river
わたし (watasi/watashi) I
わかりました (wakarimasita/wakarimashita) I understood.

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: o

Usage Examples:
ほんをかいさう (honokaimasu) I (will) buy a book

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: n

Usage Examples:
きんこ (kinko) safe
せんす (sensu) fan
ほん (hon) book
あんまり (anmari) not very

[Home] [“ma” - “yo”]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: re

Usage Examples:
あれ (are) that one over there
れきし (rekisi/rekishi) history

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ri

Usage Examples:
はかり (hakari) scale
となり (tonari) next to
おつり (oturi/otsuri) change (of money)

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ro

Usage Examples:
しろい (siroi/shiroi) white
くろい (kuroi) black
こころ (kokoro) heart

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ru

Usage Examples:
よる (yoru) night
さる (saru) monkey
ふるい (hurui/furui) old

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: sa

Usage Examples:
さけ (sake) rice wine
さい (sai) rhinoceros

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: sa

Usage Examples:
さけ (sake) rice wine
さい (sai) rhinoceros

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: si/shi

Usage Examples:
あし (asi/ashi) leg
すし (susi/sushi) sushi
しか (sika/shika) deer

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: su

Usage Examples:
す (su) vinegar
すいか (suika) watermelon

p>

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: se

Usage Examples:
せき (seki) cough
あせ (ase) sweat

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: so

Usage Examples:
そこ (soko) there

[“ta” - “to”] [Home] [“ka” - “ko”]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: se

Usage Examples:
せき (seki) cough
あせ (ase) sweat

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: si/shi

Usage Examples:
あし (asi/ashi) leg
すし (susi/sushi) sushi
しか (sika/shika) deer

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: so

Usage Examples:
そこ (soko) there

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: su

Usage Examples:
す (su) vinegar
すいか (suika) watermelon

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ta

Usage Examples:
たこ (tako) octopus
たかい (takai) expensive

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ta

Usage Examples:
たこ (tako) octopus
たかい (takai) expensive

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ti/chi

Usage Examples:
つち (tuti/tsuchi) soil
ちち (titi/chichi) father

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: tu/tsu

Usage Examples:
きつつき (kitutuki/titsutsuki) woodpecker
つかう (tukau/tsukau) to use

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: te

Usage Examples:
て (te) hand
ちかてつ (tikatetu/chikatetsu) subway

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: to

Usage Examples:
と (to) door
おととい (ototoi) the day before yesterday

[“na” - “no”] [Home] [“sa” - “so”]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: te

Usage Examples:
て (te) hand
ちかてつ (tikatetu/chikatetsu) subway

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ti/chi

Usage Examples:
つち (tuti/tsuchi) soil
ちち (titi/chichi) father

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: to

Usage Examples:
と (to) door
おととい (ototoi) the day before yesterday

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: tu/tsu

Usage Examples:
きつつき (kitutuki/titsutsuki) woodpecker
つかう (tukau/tsukau) to use

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: u

Usage Examples:
くうき (kuuki) air
うし (usi/ushi) cow

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: wa

Usage Examples:
にわ (niwa) garden
かわ (kawa) river
わたし (watasi/watashi) I
わかりました (wakarimasita/wakarimashita) I understood.
 

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: ya

Usage Examples:
やま (yama) mountain
やさしい (yasasii/yasashii) easy

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: yo

Usage Examples:
よる (yoru) night
よこ (yoko) side

[Home]

Stroke order: (MOV)

Printed form:

Reading: yu

Usage Examples:
ゆき (yuki) snow
ゆみや (yumiya) bow and arrow

[Home]

Click on the audio file after each word or phrase to hear it pronounced. All pronunciation recordings for this section are available to download here: (ZIP - 3.0MB) (This ZIP file contains: 26 .mov files.)

Section A

  1. asa (“morning”) → あさ (MOV)
  2. eki (“station”) → えき (MOV)
  3. uti (“house”) → うち (MOV)
  4. oka (“hill”) → おか (MOV)
  5. asita (“tomorrow”) → あした (MOV)
  6. isu (“chair”) → いす(MOV)
  7. osake (“rice wine”) → おさけ (MOV)
  8. sekai (“world”) → せかい (MOV)
  9. kotosi (“this year”) → ことし (MOV)
  10. tukue (“desk”) → つくえ (MOV)

Section B

  1. wakarimasu ("[I] understand.") → わかります。(MOV)
  2. tigaimasu. ("[It’s] wrong.") → ちがいます。(MOV)
  3. hai, tukurimasita (“Yes, [I] made [it].”) → はい、つくりました。(MOV)
  4. asitadekimasu. (“Tomorrow [it] will be done/possible.”) → あしたできます。(MOV)
  5. iie, kimasendesita. (“No, [I] didn’t come.”) → いいえ、きませんでした。(MOV)

Section C

  1. いえ (“house”) (MOV)
  2. くつ (“shoe”) (MOV)
  3. あそこ (“over there”) (MOV)
  4. ちかてつ (“subway”) (MOV)
  5. おととい (“day before yesterday”) (MOV)
  6. せき (“seat”) (MOV)
  7. たかい (“expensive”) (MOV)
  8. すし (“rice with raw fish”) (MOV)
  9. しこく (“Shikoku Island”) (MOV)
  10. つかう (“to use”) (MOV)
  11. きく (“to listen”) (MOV)

[Home]
[Listening #2]

Click on the audio file after each word or phrase to hear it pronounced. All pronunciation recordings for this section are available to download here: (ZIP - 2.5MB) (This ZIP file contains: 28 .mov files.)

Section A

  1. namae (“name”) → なまえ (MOV)
  2. niku (“meat”) → にく (MOV)
  3. hune (“boat”) → ふね (MOV)
  4. hana (“flower”) → はな (MOV)
  5. hitotu (“one unit”) → ひとつ (MOV)
  6. kimono (“kimono”) → きもの (MOV)
  7. huyu (“winter”) → ふゆ (MOV)
  8. inu (“dog”) → いぬ (MOV)
  9. musume (“daughter”) → むすめ (MOV)
  10. mimi (“ear”) → みみ (MOV)

Section B

  1. nomimasu. ("[I] drink.") → のみます。(MOV)
  2. tabemasenka. (“Won’t [you] eat [some]?”) → たべませんか。(MOV)
  3. iya, simasen. (“No, [I] don’t do [it].”) → いや、しません。(MOV)
  4. sumimasen. (“I’m sorry.”) → すみません。(MOV)
  5. dekimasitayo. ("[It] is finished.") → できましたよ。(MOV)
  6. wakarimasitane. ("[You] undertood, didn’t [you].") → わかりましたね。(MOV)

Section C

  1. やま (“mountain”) (MOV)
  2. かみ (“paper”) (MOV)
  3. やさしい (“easy”) (MOV)
  4. はなします(“to speak”) (MOV)
  5. のみます (“to drink”) (MOV)
  6. ひと (“people”) (MOV)
  7. かいもの (“shopping”) (MOV)
  8. まいにち (“every day”) (MOV)
  9. ねむい (“sleepy”) (MOV)
  10. ふたつ (“two units” ) (MOV)
  11. ほか(“other”) (MOV)
  12. へた (“unskillful”) (MOV)

[Listening #1]
[Home]
[Listening #3]

Click on the audio file after each word or phrase to hear it pronounced. All pronunciation recordings for this section are available to download here: (ZIP - 1.9MB) (This ZIP file contains: 25 .mov files.)

Section A

  1. watasi (“I”) → わたし (MOV)
  2. yoru (“night”) → よる (MOV)
  3. otera (“temple”) → おてら (MOV)
  4. are (“that one over there”) → あれ (MOV)
  5. kuroi (“black”) → くろい (MOV)
  6. yoko (“side”) → よこ (MOV)
  7. sara (“dish”) → さら (MOV)
  8. irimasen ("[I] don’t need [it]") → いりません (MOV)
  9. minna (“everybody”) → みんな (MOV)
  10. anmari (“not very”) → あんまり (MOV)

Section B

  1. simasenne. ("[You] won’t do [it], will [you].") → しませんね。(MOV)
  2. iya, ikimasendesita. (“No, [I] didn’t go.”) → いや、いきませんでした。(MOV)
  3. dekimasen. sumimasen ("[I] can’t do [it]. I’m sorry.") → できません。すみません。(MOV)
  4. hai, tukurimasitayo. (“Yes, [I] made [it].”) → はい、つくりましたよ。(MOV)

Section C

  1. となり (“next to”) (MOV)
  2. ほん (“book”) (MOV)
  3. ふるい (“old”) (MOV)
  4. つまらない (“boring”) (MOV)
  5. あたらしい (“new”) (MOV)
  6. おもしろい (“interesting”) (MOV)
  7. たなかさん (“Mr. Tanaka”) (MOV)
  8. しませんね。("[You] don’t do [it], do [you].") (MOV)
  9. いきませんか。 (“Won’t [you] go?”) (MOV)
  10. つくりませんよ。 ("[I] didn’t make [it].") (MOV)
  11. わかりました。 ("[I] understood.") (MOV)

[Listening #2]
[Home]
[Listening #4]

Click on the audio file after each word or phrase to hear it pronounced. All pronunciation recordings for this section are available to download here: (ZIP - 1.6MB) (This ZIP file contains: 26 .mov files.)

Section A

  1. tizu (“map”) → ちず (MOV)
  2. migi (“right side”) → みぎ(MOV)
  3. gogo (“afternoon”) → ごご (MOV)
  4. tegami (“letter”) → てがみ (MOV)
  5. hidari (“left side”) → ひだり (MOV)
  6. kazoku (“family”) → かぞく (MOV)
  7. sinbun (“newspaper”) → しんぶん (MOV)
  8. denwa (“telephone”) → でんわ (MOV)
  9. kaban (“bag”) → かばん (MOV)
  10. enpitu (“pencil”) → えんぴつ (MOV)

Section B

  1. tabemasu. ("[I] eat.") → たべます。(MOV)
  2. dekimasu. ("[It] is possible/[I] can do [it].") → できます。(MOV)
  3. itadakimasu. ("[I] receive.") → いただきます。(MOV)
  4. doozo (“Please.”) → どうぞ。(MOV)
  5. tigaimasu. ("[It’s] wrong.") → ちがいます。(MOV)
  6. arigatoogozaimasu. (“Thank you very much.”) → ありがとうござ います。(MOV)

Section C

  1. にほんご (“Japanese language”) (MOV)
  2. だいがく (“college”) (MOV)
  3. ぜんぶ (“all”) (MOV)
  4. おなじ (“the same”) (MOV)
  5. ぎんざ (“Ginza”) (MOV)
  6. ぱちぱち (“crackling”) (MOV)
  7. ぴかぴか (“flashing”) (MOV)
  8. ぽとぽと (“dripping”) (MOV)
  9. だめです (“it’s no good”) (MOV)
  10. なんばん (“what number?”) (MOV)

[Listening #3]
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[Listening #5]

Click on the audio file after each word or phrase to hear it pronounced. All pronunciation recordings for this section are available to download here: (ZIP - 1.1MB) (This ZIP file contains: 19 .mov files.)

Section A

  1. hyaku (“hundred”) → ひゃく (MOV)
  2. otya (“tea”) → おちゃ (MOV)
  3. zisyo (“dictionary”) → じしょ (MOV)
  4. densya (“train”) → でんしゃ (MOV)
  5. ryokan (“inn”) → りょかん (MOV)
  6. zinzya (“temple”) → じんじゃ (MOV)
  7. obenzyo (“toilet”) → おべんじょ (MOV)
  8. syasin (“photo”) → しゃしん (MOV)
  9. syukudai (“homework”) → しゅくだい (MOV)
  10. kyaku (“guest”) → きゃく (MOV)

Section B

  1. ちゃいろ (“brown”) (MOV)
  2. かいしゃ (“company”) (MOV)
  3. よんひゃく (“400”) (MOV)
  4. としょかん (“library”) (MOV)
  5. しんじゅく (“Shinjuku”) (MOV)
  6. きょねん (“last year”) (MOV)
  7. ぴょんぴょん(“hopping”) (MOV)
  8. でんしゃ (“train”) (MOV)
  9. ひしょ(“secretary”) (MOV)

[Listening #4]
[Home]
[Listening #6]

Click on the audio file after each word or phrase to hear it pronounced. All pronunciation recordings for this section are available to download here: (ZIP - 2.1MB) (This ZIP file contains: 31 .mov files.)

Section A

  1. kinoo (“yesterday”) → きのう (MOV)
  2. kyoo (“today”) → きょう (MOV)
  3. gakusee (“student”) → がくせい (MOV)
  4. tookyoo (“Tokyo”) → とうきょう (MOV)
  5. daizyoobu (“all right”) → だいじょうぶ (MOV)
  6. maa (“well”) → まあ (MOV)
  7. doozo (“please”) → どうぞ (MOV)
  8. kiree (“pretty”) → きれい(MOV)
  9. eego (“English”) → えいご (MOV)
  10. kyuu (“nine”) → きゅう (MOV)

Section B

  1. zassi (“magazine”) → ざっし (MOV)
  2. asatte (“day after tomorrow”) → あさって (MOV)
  3. roppyaku (“600”) → ろっぴゃく (MOV)
  4. hassen (“8000”) → はっせん (MOV)
  5. gakkoo (“school”) → がっこう (MOV)
  6. motto (“more”) → もっと (MOV)

Section C

  1. maamaa desu yo. ("[It’s] so-so.") → まあまあですよ。(MOV)
  2. iie, dooitasimasite. (“No, don’t mention it.”) → いいえ、どういたしまして。(MOV)
  3. doomo arigatoo. (“Thanks a lot.”) → どうもありがとう。(MOV)
  4. tyotto tiisakatta desu. (“It was a little small.”) → ちょっとちいさかったです。(MOV)
  5. tottemo yokatta desu nee. ("[It] was really great, wasn’t [it].") → とってもよかったですねえ。(MOV)

Section D

  1. きのう(“yesterday”) (MOV)
  2. どうぞ (“please”) (MOV)
  3. いいです ("[it’s] good") (MOV)
  4. おおきかったです ("[it] was big") (MOV)
  5. せんせい (“teacher”) (MOV)
  6. えいが(“movie”) (MOV)
  7. おかあさん (“mother”) (MOV)
  8. おとうさん(“father”) (MOV)
  9. はっせんはっぴゃく (“8800”) (MOV)
  10. ちゅうがっこう (“junior high school”) (MOV)

[Listening #5]
[Home]

function MM_callJS(jsStr) { //v2.0 return eval(jsStr) } function MM_changeProp(objId,x,theProp,theValue) { //v9.0 var obj = null; with (document){ if (getElementById) obj = getElementById(objId); } if (obj){ if (theValue == true || theValue == false) eval(“obj.style."+theProp+"="+theValue); else eval(“obj.style."+theProp+"=’"+theValue+”’”); } } function validateform() { var correctAnswer = 2; if (document.question.answers[correctAnswer].checked == true) { //alert(‘correct’); MM_changeProp(‘wrong’,’’,‘visibility’,‘hidden’); MM_changeProp(‘correct’,’’,‘visibility’,‘visible’); } else { //alert(‘wrong’); MM_changeProp(‘wrong’,’’,‘visibility’,‘visible’); MM_changeProp(‘correct’,’’,‘visibility’,‘hidden’); } }

#wrong, #correct { visibility: hidden; }

Question #1

tu
ku
he
ni

Yes, that’s right! On to the next question.

Sorry, try again!

[Home]

function MM_callJS(jsStr) { //v2.0 return eval(jsStr) } function MM_changeProp(objId,x,theProp,theValue) { //v9.0 var obj = null; with (document){ if (getElementById) obj = getElementById(objId); } if (obj){ if (theValue == true || theValue == false) eval(“obj.style."+theProp+"="+theValue); else eval(“obj.style."+theProp+"=’"+theValue+”’”); } } function validateform() { var correctAnswer = 1; if (document.question.answers[correctAnswer].checked == true) { //alert(‘correct’); MM_changeProp(‘wrong’,’’,‘visibility’,‘hidden’); MM_changeProp(‘correct’,’’,‘visibility’,‘visible’); } else { //alert(‘wrong’); MM_changeProp(‘wrong’,’’,‘visibility’,‘visible’); MM_changeProp(‘correct’,’’,‘visibility’,‘hidden’); } }

#wrong, #correct { visibility: hidden; }

Question #1

ku
to
a
te

Yes, that’s right! On to the next question.

Sorry, try again!

[Home]

function MM_callJS(jsStr) { //v2.0 return eval(jsStr) } function MM_changeProp(objId,x,theProp,theValue) { //v9.0 var obj = null; with (document){ if (getElementById) obj = getElementById(objId); } if (obj){ if (theValue == true || theValue == false) eval(“obj.style."+theProp+"="+theValue); else eval(“obj.style."+theProp+"=’"+theValue+”’”); } } function validateform() { var correctAnswer = 2; if (document.question.answers[correctAnswer].checked == true) { //alert(‘correct’); MM_changeProp(‘wrong’,’’,‘visibility’,‘hidden’); MM_changeProp(‘correct’,’’,‘visibility’,‘visible’); } else { //alert(‘wrong’); MM_changeProp(‘wrong’,’’,‘visibility’,‘visible’); MM_changeProp(‘correct’,’’,‘visibility’,‘hidden’); } }

#wrong, #correct { visibility: hidden; }

Question #1

にょ

nya
syo
nyo

Yes, that’s right! On to the next question.

Sorry, try again!

[Home]

function MM_callJS(jsStr) { //v2.0 return eval(jsStr) } function MM_changeProp(objId,x,theProp,theValue) { //v9.0 var obj = null; with (document){ if (getElementById) obj = getElementById(objId); } if (obj){ if (theValue == true || theValue == false) eval(“obj.style."+theProp+"="+theValue); else eval(“obj.style."+theProp+"=’"+theValue+”’”); } } function validateform() { var correctAnswer = 2; if (document.question.answers[correctAnswer].checked == true) { //alert(‘correct’); MM_changeProp(‘wrong’,’’,‘visibility’,‘hidden’); MM_changeProp(‘correct’,’’,‘visibility’,‘visible’); } else { //alert(‘wrong’); MM_changeProp(‘wrong’,’’,‘visibility’,‘visible’); MM_changeProp(‘correct’,’’,‘visibility’,‘hidden’); } }

#wrong, #correct { visibility: hidden; }

#wrong, #correct { visibility: hidden; }

Question #1

kinoo (yesterday)

きのを
きのお
きのう

Yes, that’s right! On to the next question.

Sorry, try again!

[Home]

function MM_callJS(jsStr) { //v2.0 return eval(jsStr) } function MM_changeProp(objId,x,theProp,theValue) { //v9.0 var obj = null; with (document){ if (getElementById) obj = getElementById(objId); } if (obj){ if (theValue == true || theValue == false) eval(“obj.style."+theProp+"="+theValue); else eval(“obj.style."+theProp+"=’"+theValue+”’”); } } function validateform() { var correctAnswer = 2; if (document.question.answers[correctAnswer].checked == true) { //alert(‘correct’); MM_changeProp(‘wrong’,’’,‘visibility’,‘hidden’); MM_changeProp(‘correct’,’’,‘visibility’,‘visible’); } else { //alert(‘wrong’); MM_changeProp(‘wrong’,’’,‘visibility’,‘visible’); MM_changeProp(‘correct’,’’,‘visibility’,‘hidden’); } }

#wrong, #correct { visibility: hidden; }

Question #1

do
ba
zo
gi

Yes, that’s right! On to the next question.

Sorry, try again!

[Home]

Consonant + y + Vowel

The Japanese consonant sounds are combined with the /ya/, /yu/ and /yo/ syllables to form a single contracted syllable. For example, /ki/ and /ya/ combine to form the single syllable /kya/, represented in hiragana as きゃ. See the following chart for the complete list of these contracted syllables.

Consonant/i/ + /ya/ Consonant/i/ + /yu/ Consonant/i/ + /yo/
きゃ kya きゅ kyu きょ kyo
しゃ sya (sha) しゅ syu (shu) しょ syo (sho)
ちゃ tya (cha) ちゅ tyu (chu) ちょ tyo (cho)
にゃ nya にゅ nyu にょ nyo
ひゃ hya ひゅ hyu ひょ hyo
みゃ mya みゅ myu みょ myo
りゃ rya りゅ ryu りょ ryo

Note that these contracted syllables are always considered to be one syllable, not two. Compare the two (totally different!) following sounds:

きゃ kya (one syllable)
きや kiya (two syllables)

Syllabic Consonant /n/

When /n/ is followed by another consonant, or if a word ends with /n/, then that /n/ is a syllable in itself, and is written with the symbol ん. In JSL this syllable /n/ is represented as /n/.

[Previous: Voiced and Semi-Voiced Sounds]
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[Next: Double Vowels; Double Consonants]

Double Vowels

Double o

When double o occurs, the second /o/ syllable is written with hiragana う, instead of お. Thus, for instance, the word ohayoo (good morning) is written as おはよう, not as おはよお.

There are a few exceptions to this rule. For instance, the word ookii (big) is written as おおきい, instead of おうきい.

Double e

When double e occurs, the second /e/ syllable is written with hiragana い, instead of え. For instance, the phrase situreesimasu (excuse me) is written as しつれいします instead of しつれえします.

Again, there are a few exceptions to this rule. For instance, the word oneesan (older sister) is written as おねえさん, instead of おねいさん.

Although exceptional cases (for both double o’s and double e’s are very few, it is always good to check with your Japanese version of JSL for transcribing those double vowels.

Other Double Vowels

Other double vowels are simply written as they are pronounced. Examine, for instance, the following:

おかあさん okaasan (mother)
おいしい oisii (delicious)

You should also be aware that there are many word pairs which look alike except for a repeated vowel in one of them that makes a difference in the meaning. Here are a few examples:

おばさん obasan (aunt) vs. おばあさん obaasan (grandmother)
おじさん ozisan (uncle) vs. おじいさん oziisan (grandfather)
にんぎょ ningyo (mermaid) vs. にんぎょう ningyoo (doll)

Double Consonants

Whenever double consonants occur (i.e. pp, tt, kk, ss) the first of the pair is always written with a “half size” つ which looks like this: っ. Observe the following examples:

がっこう gakkoo (school)
にっぽん nippon (Japan)
ざっし zassi (magazine)
きって kitte (postal stamp)

[Previous: Consonant + y + Vowel; Syllabic n]
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[Next: How to Write Sentences]

Having learned how to write words in hiragana, the next step is learning how to write sentences. This requires that you first learn some conventions for writing the so-called “particles.”

There are two types of particles that you will learn in Japanese I, namely Sentence Particles (introduced in Lesson 1 of JSL) and Phrasal Particles (introduced in Lesson 4 of JSL). Sentence particles are written just as they are spoken - it is just the phrasal particles you need to pay attention to here. (Note that this is simply a a brief explanation of how to write the particles; you don’t have to learn the function of the following particles yet! They will be thoroughly introduced in Lesson 4.)

The topic particle /wa/ is written with は (instead of わ).

The direction particle /e/ is written with へ (instead of え).

The direct object particle /o/ is written with を (instead of お).

Punctuation

In Japanese, the punctuation mark that is comparable to the English comma is “、” and the Japanese equivalent of the English period is “。”.

Japanese people write sentences vertically as well as horizontally. For Japanese I and II, you can write sentences horizontally, unless your teacher asks you to write vertically.

[Previous: Double Vowels; Double Consonants]
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The three voiceless consonants, /k/, /s/, and /t/ have voiced counterparts called dakuon. The voiced counterpart of /k/ is /g/, /s/ is /z/, and /t/ is /d/. The symbolic representation to indicate voicing of these consonants is very systematic and simple: add two dots at the upper right corner of each symbol. For instance, observe the following:

/ka/ か → /ga/ が
/sa/ さ → /za/ ざ
/ta/ た → /da/ だ

It is important to note that the voiced counterparts of /si/ し and /ti/ ち, which are /zi/ じ and /zi/ ぢ, respectively, are pronounced the same. Likewise, the voiced counterparts of /su/ す and /tu/ つ, which are /zu/ ず and /zu/ づ, are also pronounced the same.

The question that naturally arises is, when does one use one or the other? The answer to this question is that in most cases, we use じ for /zi/ and ず for /zu/. Cases where you use ぢ and づ are very limited and we will let you know whenever such cases arise.

The syllables beginning with /p/ are called the “semivoiced” counterparts of /b/, i.e. /pa/ /pi/ /pu/ /pe/ /po/. To indicate these sounds, attach a little circle (instead of two dots) at the upper right corner of /ha/ /hi/ /hu/ /he/ /ho/, respectively:

は、ひ、ふ、へ、ほ → ぱ、ぴ、ぷ、ぺ、ぽ

Follow the links in the table below to see brush-stroke and printed versions of the characters, and some usage examples of each.

  a i u e o
/g/
/z/
/d/
/b/
/p/

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[Next: Consonant + y + Vowel; Syllabic n]

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