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Looking for something specific in this course? The Resource Index compiles links to most course resources in a single page.
Module II: Production of Energy in the Cell
Lecture Topics
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Readings
- Chapter 17: Citric Acid Cycle
- Synthesis of Acetyl-Coenzyme A
- Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle
- Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle
- Reactions Related to the Citric Acid Cycle
Lecture Video: Respiration: TCA Cycle
This video focuses on the TCA Cycle, also called the Krebs Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle. Professor Essigmann reviews in detail the enzymes and regulation of the TCA Cycle as well as intersecting pathways (e.g., anapleurotic reactions).
Problem Set & Solutions
Problem Solving Video: Problem Set 7, Problem 1: Tracing Labels through Pathways
This problem deals with tracking a labeled atom through various metabolic pathways. This process is one of the established ways to test whether the mechanism we propose for these pathways is, in fact, consistent with what we observe inside the cells.
Lecture Topics
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Readings
- Chapter 17: Citric Acid Cycle
- Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle
- Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle
- Reactions Related to the Citric Acid Cycle
Lecture Video: Maintenance of Redox Neutrality
It is important to maintain redox neutrality in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. Professor Essigmann explains how shuttles, such as the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle and malate-aspartate shuttle, allow the cytoplasm to stay in redox balance.
Lecture Topics
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Readings
- Chapter 17: Citric Acid Cycle
- Enzymes of the Citric Acid Cycle
- Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle
- Reactions Related to the Citric Acid Cycle
Lecture Video: PLP (Pyridoxal Phosphate) Reactions
Lecture Video:
- Narrated Storyboards 8-9: TCA Cycle [John Video] Watch only narration of Storyboard 9 [time -> ]
- Storyboard 9 (PDF)
Problem Set & Solutions
- Problem Set 7 (PDF)
- Solutions to Problem Set 7 (PDF)
Problem Solving Video: Problem Set 7, Problem 1: Tracing Labels through Pathways
Lecture Topics
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Readings
- Chapter 18: Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
- The Mitochondrion
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Control of Oxidative Metabolism
Lecture Video: PLP Chemistry
Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP), an essential metabolism cofactor derived from Vitamin B6, is involved in many chemical transformations. This video summarizes the most important ones and shows how to write the curved arrow mechanisms for these transformations.
Lecture Video: Respiration: Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
In this video, Professor Essigmann returns to the topic of respiration. He details how to convert the electron transport potential of NADH and FADH2 into the phosphate transfer potential of ATP.
Problem Set & Solutions
Problem Solving Video: Problem Set 8, Problem 2: Bioenergetics of the Electron Transport Chain
In this problem, Dr. Fedeles focuses on the electron transport chain. This fundamental redox process converts the chemical energy of the covalent bonds into an electrochemical gradient.
Lecture Topics
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Readings
- Chapter 18: Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
- The Mitochondrion
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Control of Oxidative Metabolism
Lecture Video: Respiration: Proton Pumps and ATP Synthesis
The final stages of cell respiration are outlined in this video. Professor Essigmann describes how a proton pump works to store energy for ATP synthesis. A physiological scenario is presented summarizing catabolism to this point in the course.
Lecture Topics
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Readings
- Chapter 20: Lipid Metabolism
- Lipid Digestions, Absorption, and Transport
- Fatty Acid Oxidation
- Ketone Bodies
Lecture Video: Lipid Catabolism: Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation
This video introduced the process of lipid catabolism, including the many roles of lipids and the stages of fatty acid catabolism. Lipids are our primary energy reserve.
Lecture Topics
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Readings
- Chapter 18: Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
- The Mitochondrion
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Control of Oxidative Metabolism
Lecture Video:
- Narrated Storyboard 15: Respiration Part IV [John Video]
- Storyboard 15 (PDF)
- ATP Synthesis via F0 F1 ATP Synthesis Complex
Lecture Topics
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Readings
- No textbook readings
Lecture Video: Special Cases in Fatty Acid Metabolism
Professor Essigmann explores several special cases in fatty acid metabolism in this video. This includes fatty acids that have a cis-double bond and fatty acids that have an odd number of carbons.
Problem Set & Solutions
Problem Solving Video: Problem Set 9, Problem 1: Catabolism of Triacylglycerols
In this problem, Dr. Fedeles calculates how much energy we get from metabolizing a molecule of fat. In this case, the fat is triacylglycerols which are synthesized from three fatty acids joined together by one glycerol molecule.
Lecture Topics
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Readings
- Chapter 20: Lipid Metabolism
- Ketone Bodies
Lecture Video: Ketogenesis, Diabetes and Starvation
In this video, Professor Essigmann explores ketone bodies – what they are, how they are made, and how they are used in the body. He describes in detail the role ketone bodies play in diabetes and starvation scenarios.
Bonus Video 1: The Science Behind Type II Diabetes
Professor Essigmann, who has Type II Diabetes, talks about his experience with the disease and the science behind it.
Bonus Video 2: Blood Sugar Fluctuations and Gluconeogenesis
The blood sugar of a diabetic fluctuates throughout the day. Professor Essigmann explores the concept of gluconeogenesis, the metabolic pathway that leads to the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.
Bonus Video 3: When Your Breath Smells Like Nail Polish Remover
What does it mean when your breath smells like nail polish remover? In this video, Prof. Essigmann describes the role of acetone in Type II Diabetes.
Lecture Topics
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Readings
- Chapter 8: Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides
- Polysaccharides
- Glycoproteins
- Chapter 14: Introduction to Metabolism
- Overview of Metabolism
- Experimental Approaches to the Study of Metabolism
- Chapter 15: Glucose Catabolism
- Overview of Glycolosis
Lecture Notes
Lecture Video: Introduction to Carbohydrate Catabolism
This video by Professor John Essigmann provides an introduction to carbohydrate catabolism. It is the first video in the metabolism portion of the course.
Problem Set & Solutions
Problem Solving Video: Problem Set 6, Problem 2: Mechanism of Phosphoglycerate Mutase
The mechanism of phosphoglycerate mutase, the eighth enzyme in glycolysis, is the focus of this problem. It is this enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate.
Lecture Topics
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Readings
- Chapter 15: Glucose Catabolism
- Fermentation: The Anaerobic Fate of Pyruvate
- Regulation of Glycolosis
- Chapter 17: Citric Acid Cycle
- Synthesis of Acetyl-Coenzyme A
Lecture Notes
Lecture Video: Glycolysis and Early Stages of Respiration
Professor Essigmann looks in detail at carbohydrate catabolism leading up to the pathway of glycolysis. He provides a high-level view of cell respiration, including the role of the TCA cycle.
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2013
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